scholarly journals Dynamics of Control and Resistance: Reactions to the Modern Policy of Assimilation of the Travellers in Norway

Nordlit ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Rune Halvorsen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Internal Relation ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
Western European ◽  
Assimilation Policy

For much of the 20th century, the Norwegian authorities pursued a strict assimilation policy towards Travellers (tatere/ romanifolket) and their culture. As was the case in many other countries, Travellers were constructed as "the other" (Riggins 1997, MacLaughlin 1999). When compared to other Western European countries, it is, however, surprising that Norwegian Travellers were seen as such a serious problem and threat during the 20th century. The 1845 census counted 1145 Travellers out of a total population of 1.3 million in Norway (Sundt 1852, SSB 1968: Table 13). A private charity organisation acting on behalf of the state registered 5129 "itinerants" in their archives from 1900 to 1959 (Haave 2000). These were the figures that worried the elites. This paper examines the modern assimilation policy and Travellers' reactions to this policy. In particular the paper analyses the internal relation between the modern assimilation policy and the emergence of collective demands for recognition as an ethnic minority and moral redress among Travellers in the 1990s.

scholarly journals Greco-Eastern religious fund as the founder of education in Bukovina

2014 ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Gnydka
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Church ◽  
Spiritual State

Considering the period of the fund's activities, namely the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 20th century, one should pay attention to the state of education of Bukovina before the foundation, in particular, in the pre-Austrian period. The situation with education here was not the best, but on the contrary - she was in an abandoned state. At that time the church was engaged in school, and therefore the focus was on religious education. The first schools in the country were founded at the Putna monastery and in the region of Suceava and Radovtsy. If the boyars wanted to give their sons a higher education, they were forced to send them to Ukrainian schools in Lviv or Kiev, and whether in the capital of Western European countries - Vienna or Paris. It follows that the majority of the population, which remained outside the spiritual state or origin not from the boyars, remained illiterate, but in decades and was completely ignorant. This situation with education in the region was until the annexation of Bukovina by the Austrian Empire in 1774

State Policies toward Islam in Twenty Countries in Western Europe: The Accommodation of Islam Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
State Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Western European ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Regional Governments

AbstractThis study creates an index that reveals the extent to which Western European countries accommodate Islamic traditions and practices. The index covers six realms in which Muslim communities seek accommodation: (1) education, (2) chaplaincy services, (3) mosques, (4) cemeteries, (5) Islamic attire, and (6) halal food. The study examines and quantifies the state policies in twenty Western European countries on both national and municipal levels with a particular focus on actual implementation. Results indicate that Western European countries vary widely in terms of their accommodation of Islam. There are also notable within-country differences, due in part to regional governments, as they also make and/or implement policy decisions. Both between- and within-country variations in the accommodation of Islam reveal a variety of nuances, and blur dual categories, such as ethnic-civic and assimilationist-integrationist.

Epistemological eclecticism: Difference and the ‘Other’ in the Balkans and beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Čarna Brković
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Background Assumption ◽  
Western European ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

This article's concern is epistemological in that it seeks understanding of the nature of ethnographic knowledge production. Its background assumption is that decolonization of anthropology requires decolonization of anthropological epistemology. The article argues that anthropology is not so much a study of the ‘Other’, but an effort to acquire knowledge by translating across some sort of socio-historically established difference. Anthropologists do not acquire knowledge necessarily by translating between modern, Western European, and non-modern, ‘Other’ conceptual arrangements. Instead, the anthropological production of knowledge requires an effort to figure out the relevant differences and similarities between an anthropologist, their interlocutors, and their audiences, as well as a translation across these differences and similarities. In order to demonstrate this point, the article focuses on 19th- and 20th-century ethnographic discussions of rural joint families called zadruga in the Balkans. Through a critical reading of two works on zadruga, it demonstrates that anthropologists in the Balkans were epistemologically eclectic, in that they could make use of strategies of both ‘anthropology abroad’ and ‘auto-anthropology’, or combine and reverse them. While this instance of epistemological eclecticism is the result of widespread uncertainties concerning the status of the ‘modern’ and the ‘non-modern’ as organizational categories in the Balkans, it has direct implications for the production of anthropological knowledge generally.

scholarly journals What is special about gambling? A comparison of public discourse on Finnish state monopolies in rail traffic, gambling, and alcohol

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Virve Marionneau ◽  
Matilda Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
National Context ◽  
Stakeholder Interests ◽  
Western European ◽  
International Pressures ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Rail Traffic

Finland has one of the last fully monopolistic gambling sectors in Europe. Unlike in most Western European countries, the monopoly is also consolidated and enjoys a wide support as opposed to license-based competition. This paper analyses whether this preference for monopoly provision is due to the particularities of the Finnish society or rather to those of the Finnish gambling sector. We do this by comparing public discourses in media texts (N=143) from 2014 to 2017 regarding monopolies operating in alcohol retail, rail traffic and gambling sectors. The results show that gambling appears to be special even in the Finnish national context. While the Finnish alcohol retail and railroad traffic markets have been liberalised during the study period, the gambling monopoly has been concurrently strengthened despite similar political and international pressures towards dismantling. The discussion suggests that the differing outcomes reflect the varying positions of monopolies, their stakeholders and the justifications put forward. Intertwined stakeholder interests in the gambling sector appear to amplify consensus politics and set gambling apart from the other cases.

Pertinence de la théorie de la dualisation de la religion en Suisse, en France et en Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bréchon ◽  
Roland J. Campiche
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Proper Comparison ◽  
Western European ◽  
The One

The principal explanations of contemporary religious change face two main difficulties. On the one hand, they often fail to express the complexity of the ongoing evolution, because they are too focused on institutional religion, e.g. secularization. On the other hand, some of them favour fashionable themes (the growth of individualism, the privatization of religion) and skirt the societal impact of religion. The idea of dualism allows a combined approach to the process of religious de-institutionalization and the new patterns of its regulation. The authors discuss this theory on the basis of data relating to Switzerland, France and other Western European countries (EVS, ISSP). In spite of the difficulty of finding relevant indicators that allow proper comparison, the results are promising. They invite further critical analysis of current definitions. The theory of dualism allows us to reopen the debate on religious change.

Traditions of Western European Art of Book Binding and the Experience of Studying Frames of Handwritten and Old Printed Books in Ukraine

Infolib ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Victor Sokolov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Western European ◽  
Characteristic Features

The main trends and features of the development of the production of the binding of handwritten and early printed books, as well as the styles and materials that were used in the art of binding in European countries until the beginning of the 20th century, are characterized. The characteristic features and types of bindings that have survived to the present time are analyzed. The features of decorative and constructive design of Western European and Eastern European bindings, in particular, on the territory of Ukraine, are disclosed.

Nationality-Based Prejudice in Sports: Fan Demand for Foreign Athletes in the Czech

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Kotrba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Sports Fan

This paper aims to answer the question of whether fans discriminate against foreign athletes. It uses data from the fantasy sports environment. The sample consists of 11 rounds in the football competition in Czechia during the 2015–2016 season. A total of 8,036 people participated in the game, and they completed a total of 53,951 squads. The final dataset consists of 3,741 observations of a specific footballer in a single round. The results show that Czech fantasy sports users prefer domestic players. The influence of the players’ origin varies depending on the region they are from. The results show that Asian and Eastern European countries, namely Croatia, Serbia, and Slovakia, present a negative influence. On the other hand, Czechs prefer players from South America and Russia. In the case of African and Western European countries, the influence is insignificant in the models. Performance, however, influences the demand for athletes the most.

Impact of Globalization on Small Countries' Higher Education Systems: The Case of the Netherlands

2015 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
A. Nevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Western European

The article deals with the current performance and the latest developments of higher education in small and medium Western European countries. It uncovers the core trends on the international higher education market, defines small countries’ place and role in it. It is argued that there is no direct correlation between the size of economy, country’s geography, language spoken, on the one hand, and the share of international enrolments and higher education system’s general performance, on the other hand. However, there are some special moments about the way small developed countries build in their higher education in the global market. The article deals with the Dutch higher education system as a typical case for Western European small countries. It is concluded that the most beneficial category of students for this country are those from non-EEA countries, focusing in several specific areas of the country’s international specialization. A system of measures is being taken to attract such students and to prevent huge number of enrolments from the rest of developing world. This is the way the Netherlands preserve and improve the excellent quality of domestic educational services (which is right for the rest of small Western European countries as well). The group of countries under consideration is also known for their high level of involvement in all kinds of international cooperation in tertiary education. This allows them, on one hand, to further improve the quality of services, and, on the other hand, to minimize the costs of stuff needed for research and innovation. This paper’s findings might be used for further research in this area and taken into consideration by the local authorities dealing with Russian educational system improvement and including it in the global market of education, research and innovation.

Religiosity, nationalism and human reproduction: the case of Israel

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 64-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Landau
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Per Capita

Israel is 280 miles long and 10 miles wide at its narrowest point; it is comparable in size to the State of New Jersey. The total population of Israel is currently about 6.5 million, of the same order as the populations of Austria, Switzerland or Denmark. Eighty per cent of the population are Jews, 15 per cent Muslim, 3 per cent Christians and 2 per cent Druze (Yaffe, 1999). Israel is a highly urban and industrialized country, with over 95 per cent of the population living in cities or towns. Israel’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is approximately US $17,500. This, despite its geographical location in the Middle East, makes Israel’s economic level equal to that of England, placing Israel among the developed European countries.

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