scholarly journals Variations in how Students describe ‘Friendship’ An Application of Appraisal Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alhuthali
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Psychological Formulation ◽  
Close Family

This study explores the link between cognition and emotion using concepts from functional linguistics. Appraisal Theory argues that all emotions are first articulated (actively or passively) before they are experienced. As with many essentially constructionist approaches, this process is influenced both by circumstances and previous experience. This study specifically tests if positive and negative framings of the concept of friendship use different linguistic formulations. If so, this provides some evidence both for the underlying theoretical assumption and the value of functional linguistics as a tool to understand the process. Appraisal Theory has roots in both Psychology and Functional Linguistics and this study aims to bring these two strands together so as to link the analytic framework from Functional Linguistics to the conceptual framework in the Psychological formulation. In conclusion, it was found that negative formulations used more complex language, offered alternative formulations and used words to indicate both the focus and to modulate the force of any statement. In the context of the study, it was suggested that positive images of friendship reflected their expectations of the behaviour of close family members.

St Gregory of Nyssa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Anthony McGuckin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Family Members ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Gregory Of Nyssa ◽  
Christian Leaders ◽  
Close Family

Chapter 1 gives Biographical background and studies the historical context(s) of Gregory of Nyssa and his close family members, situating them as aristocratic and long-established Christian leaders of the Cappadocian area. It offers along with the course of Gregory’s Vita a general outline of the main philosophical and religious controversies of his era, particularly his ecclesiastical involvement in the Neo-Nicene apologetical movement associated with the leadership of his brother Basil (of Caesarea), which he himself inherited in Cappadocia, with imperial approval, after 380. It concludes with a review of Gregory’s significance as author: in terms of his style as a writer, his work as an exegete, his body of spiritual teaching, and lastly, the manner in which his reputation waxed and waned from antiquity to the present.

Redefining the Circumstances in which Family Hardship Should Mitigate Sentence Severity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Bagaric
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Connections ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
Close Family

The hardship stemming from prison goes well beyond the pain experienced by offenders. The family and dependants of prisoners often experience significant inconvenience and hardship. Family members of prisoners have not engaged in wrongdoing and hence arguably their suffering should be a mitigating consideration in sentencing. However, this approach potentially unfairly advantages offenders with close family connections and undermines the capacity of courts to satisfy a number of important sentencing objectives, including the imposition of proportionate penalties. The courts and legislatures have not been able to find a coherent manner in which to reconcile this tension. There is conflicting case law regarding the circumstances in which family hardship can mitigate the severity of criminal penalties. This article examines these competing positions and proposes that family hardship should mitigate penalty severity only when incarcerating the offender would cause severe financial hardship to his or her dependants.

Subjects of Technology: An Auto-Archeology of Attention Deficit Disorder in Neoliberal Time(s)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disability ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Close Family

This essay (re)presents my own experiences living with attention deficit disorder (ADD) as a child and adult to provide a radically historical, contextual, and critical autoethnographic conceptualization of this “learning disability.” Specifically, by building upon Ragan Fox’s “auto-archeological” method, a critical perspective that “unite[s] autoethnography and Foucault’s theories of discourse,” I draw upon institutional artifacts, psychiatric diagnoses, and interviews with close family members to show that ADD is a “technology of the self” that economizes the body in accordance with a distinctly neoliberal temporality. This temporalizing process, I show, is reinforced by a range of other neoliberal technologies of selfhood and ultimately cultivates the very “deficit framework” that ADD diagnoses are aimed at healing. The conclusion questions the legitimacy of ADD outside of the various technological interfaces that make the disability visible as a public problem and considers the intimate connections between neoliberalism, ableism, and the contemporary university.

Compulsory Portion and Other Aspects of Family Protection in Austria

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-267
Author(s):  
Christiane Wendehorst
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Succession ◽  
Austrian Law ◽  
Close Family ◽  
Consistent Approach

The Austrian law of succession boasts some rather strong mechanisms for overriding a will in the interest of surviving family members. Taken together, the law of compulsory portion, the various statutory legacies, and the maintenance claims significantly reduce a testator’s freedom to pass on his or her property as the testator deems appropriate. Yet, Austrian law does not necessarily ensure that all close family members obtain minimum levels of subsistence, as the group of individuals entitled to family protection benefits is small and more or less restricted to the surviving spouse or registered partner and descendants. The position of the surviving spouse or registered partner has been continuously strengthened over the years but there is still an unfortunate discrepancy between what a surviving spouse or partner is entitled to upon death as compared with the situation upon divorce. The existing patchwork of mechanisms does not seem to have created significant problems, but still it is fair to say that the Austrian law of family protection lacks a consistent approach. This is still true after major reform in 2015, which to some extent restricted entitlements under the law of compulsory portion but also introduced further compulsory benefits. Most conspicuously, the new ‘care legacy’ may entail sweeping changes for smaller estates, and it may well happen that the whole estate goes to one or several caring family members, with heirs possibly even having to pay out of their own pockets.

scholarly journals What Is the Experience of Practitioners in Health, Education or Social Care Roles Following a Death by Suicide? A Qualitative Research Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3293
Author(s):  
Hilary Causer ◽  
Kate Muse ◽  
Jo Smith ◽  
Eleanor Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Service User ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Safe Practice ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Close Family

Recent research has highlighted that the number of people impacted by a death by suicide is far greater than previously estimated and includes wider networks beyond close family members. It is important to understand the ways in which suicide impacts different groups within these wider networks so that safe and appropriate postvention support can be developed and delivered. A systematic review in the form of a qualitative research synthesis was undertaken with the aim of addressing the question ‘what are the features of the experiences of workers in health, education or social care roles following the death by suicide of a client, patient, student or service user?’ The analysis developed three categories of themes, ‘Horror, shock and trauma’, ‘Scrutiny, judgement and blame’, and ‘Support, learning and living with’. The mechanisms of absolution and incrimination were perceived to impact upon practitioners’ experiences within social and cultural contexts. Practitioners need to feel prepared for the potential impacts of a suicide and should be offered targeted postvention support to help them in processing their responses and in developing narratives that enable continued safe practice. Postvention responses need to be contextualised socially, culturally and organisationally so that they are sensitive to individual need.

scholarly journals The Development and Psychometric Validation of a Comprehensive Measure Assessing Fear of Incompetence among Adults Who Have a Family Member with Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Thompson ◽  
Anca M. Miron ◽  
Jonathan M. Rogers ◽  
Rudy Rice
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Close Family Member ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Close Family

Because the interpersonal skills of individuals with dementia often decline, family members may question their own ability to interact meaningfully. These family members may experience fear of incompetence (i.e., fear of being unable to relate in a meaningful way or take care of a close family member with dementia). Thus, the goal of this research was to develop, refine, and psychometrically validate a scale (Fear of Incompetence—Dementia Scale; FOI-D) assessing fear of incompetence in the context of relationships with a close family member diagnosed with dementia. Three online studies were conducted to accomplish the primary objective. In Study One, the factor structure of the FOI-D was assessed by conducting an exploratory factor analysis using data from 710 adults who indicated having a close living family member who had been diagnosed with dementia. In Study Two, the factor structure was validated via a confirmatory factor analysis and the psychometric properties were established using data from 636 adults who had a family member with dementia. Finally, Study Three determined the temporal consistency of the scale by retesting 58 participants from Study Two. The results from Study One indicated that the FOI-D Scale accounted for 51.75% of the variance and was comprised of three subscales: the Interaction Concerns subscale, the Caregiving Concerns subscale, and the Knowledge Concerns subscale. In Study Two, the three-factor structure was supported, resulting in a 58-item scale. Investigation of the psychometric properties demonstrated the FOI-D to be reliable and valid. In Study Three, the FOI-D Scale demonstrated excellent temporal consistency. This research provides future investigators, educators, and practitioners with an adaptable comprehensive tool assessing fear of incompetence in a variety of settings.

Stress Encountered by Significant others of Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Hart
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was directed toward identifying and describing the perceived stress and coping responses of family and nonfamily significant others of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Identification of the similarities and differences among the responses given by family and nonfamily significant others was one of the primary purposes of this research. Using an exploratory research design, the investigator conducted structured interviews with one family and one nonfamily significant other identified in earlier interviews with twenty-five cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in ambulatory care settings. Significant others were asked to identify stressful events related to treatment factors, relationship factors, and perception of the patient's condition. Reported coping responses to events perceived as stressful were categorized into those behaviors that reduced or eliminated the stressful event or those that altered the appraisal of the event without changing the event itself. Statistical analyses revealed 1) no significant difference between the level of stress was expressed by family and nonfamily significant others; 2) significantly higher levels of stress were reported by female family members when compared to male family members; 3) significant others who had previous experience coping with cancer of a loved one reported higher levels of stress than persons without previous experience; 4) nonfamily members reported significantly higher levels of stress when the cancer patient lived with family; and 5) no relationship was demonstrated between level of stress and time since diagnosis of cancer.

Tales of the bitter and sweet

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-348
Author(s):  
Todd L. Sandel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Authority Figures ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Close Family

Recent research in Taiwanese families has found that children’s transgressions are narratable and parents encourage children to confess and reflect upon their faults. Little, however, is known if adults do the same when talking with children or other adults. This study examines transgression stories from interviews with 102 adult participants in Taiwan. It finds adults often tell stories about the faults of close family members such as spouses, parents, children, and aunts and uncles. However, they are less likely to tell stories of their own faults. Furthermore, they say telling transgression stories to children must take into account the child’s age and the story’s potential didactic value. The study also finds that many stories, especially those told by older adults, i.e., grandparents, articulate part of a “master story” lamenting how they persevered from a bitter past to a much better present. Such a story shapes cross-generational narrative and lends greater moral authority to elders. Finally, implications are discussed how this study sheds light on a theory of confessional narratives by authority figures across different cultures.

TRADISI MAMPADUOI DALAM PERJANJIAN BAGI HASIL SAWAH DI NAGARI GUNUNG MEDAN

JURISDICTIE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Vendra Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Close Family

The aim of this research is to understand and analyze the practice of <em>mampaduoi</em> system in profit sharing agreement of rice field in Nagari Gunung Medan, West Sumatera, based on the study of Islamic Law and the Act Number 2 Year 1960 regarding Profit Sharing Agreement. This is an empirical research with sociological juridical approach. The result of analysis shows that mampaduoi system in profit sharing agreement done in Nagari Gunung Medan is a kind of cooperation which employs kinship principle (badunsanak) and mutual help. The ratio is 4 (1:3) for close family members and 3 (1:2) for non family. Islam figures and chief of tribal in Nagari Gunung Medan consider mampaduoi system is in accordance with Islamic sharia as what has been determined by Jumhur Ulama regarding mukhabarah agreement. However, based on the act Number 2 Year 1960, the system is not appropriate because it is not legally written.

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