scholarly journals Thomas Hardy: A Torchbearer of Feminism Representing Sufferings of Victorian Era Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Nadia Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Ali Shaikh ◽  
Stephen John ◽  
Kamal Haider
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of this paper was to highlight the miserable plight of women during the Victorian era, the age of social reforms, political improvements, collective welfare, and material prosperity. During this age, Queen Victoria worked on various issues that had remained the cause of unrest among the people. Her efforts, in this regard, were indeed commendable, but she took no interest to resolve issues of women who had been suffering terribly under patriarchy. The subject of women remained ignored for many years, then some writers started to highlight the miserable state of these passive creatures who were the constant victims of social, political and economic injustices, inequalities, deprivations, and domestic violence. Of all the feminists, Thomas Hardy stood unique as he brought to light almost all areas of life where women were suffering awfully and their voices were suppressed under the male-dominated system. Hardy took serious note of the long-ignored subject of society and provided a vivid and realistic picture of Victorian society through his extraordinarily brilliant novels. Thomas Hardy’s famous masterpiece ‘Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman” is one of the best novels depicting women-related issues that shook the minds of the people to proceed towards this delicate matter. The contents or events described in the novel confirmed that women were the disadvantaged section of society who were deprived of their due rights and respect in society. They were objectified and preferred to a man in each sphere of life.

scholarly journals Shaymaa Neamah Mohammed ALMKHELIF

2022 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Sevsen Aziz HILAYIF
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
The People ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Turkish People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Orhan Pamuk

Orhan Pamuk is considered one of the most important novelists and short story writers in Turkish Literature. The full name is Ferit Orhan Pamuk. He was born in Istanbul in 1952. He is now 69 year old and still alive. He is considered the first Turkish writer who wins Noble Prize for literature for the year 2006. He won several other prizes, one of which is Noble Prize because he has several short stories and novels. The White Castle is one of the most important novels for the author Orhan Pamuk who won the Noble Prize. It is considered a historical novel that belongs to the Ottoman Empire era in the 17th century. The novel revolves on one of the passengers who travels to Napoli through the sea. The Ottoman pirates captivate him and sell him to one of the Turkish people as slave. Both the master and the slave almost share the same features although they are from different geographic areas. The novel deals with the similarities and differences among the people of the and the people of the west in an accurate way. The concept of dream is to wish something favorable in the future. There were several types and ways of daydreams. This concept is different from one person to another. This term cannot be clearly defined because of its subjective nature. It appears in a very wide area, from the ability to maintain the thing dreamt to achieve to the world of dreams of the dreamer. Hence, the reality of daydreams is a wonderful art that is different from one person to another. We start the research by giving inclusive summary. In the Introduction, there is short summary for the life and literary personality of the Turkish author Orhan Pamuk as well as his works. The research introduces information about the novel which is the subject of the research paper. It introduces, through detailed study for the novel The White Castle, a detailed explanation about the art of dreams.

scholarly journals Portrayal of Bangladeshi Existentialism: “Like a Diamond in the Sky” in Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Moniruzzaman ◽  
Safi Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Meaningful Life ◽  
Capacity Limitation ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
The People ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Power Play

Shazia Omar, a Bangladeshi novelist, depicts the less-known imagery of modern Dhaka in her debut novel “Like a Diamond in the Sky” (2009) where she portrays Bangladesh infected with depression, drug addiction, power-play, corruption and fundamentalism. Deen, the protagonist, is lost in addiction, isolated from his mother and outer world but in love with Maria, aware of the future of Bangladesh and eager to search for the meaning of life. Deen, which literally implies the earthly life in Bangla, is an existentialist who is conscious of himself and the people around him. He is aware of his capacity, limitation, existence and essence. He comments on different orders and institutions that hinder at the path of freedom, and about politicization and islamisation in Bangladesh. Not only Deen but also his widowed mother, his friend AJ, drug peddler Falani, the sergeant of the Police, Deen’s girlfriend Maria- all are conscious of their existence and essence. This novel is about a journey from a dark and aimless world to redemption, to a meaningful life. Omar presents existentialism and existential crisis as noticed in Bangladesh in her novel where almost all characters try to find the meaning of life, though in different ways. Omar says in an interview that the novel “explores their feeling of alienation in the chaotic metropolis of Dhaka city” and her protagonist struggles “to find a spiritual connection”. Before writing this novel, Shazia Omar researched in a rehab in Mumbai, visited slums of    Bangladesh and thus shaded light on the darker and less-discussed imagery of Bangladesh. “Like a Diamond in the Sky” is thoroughly examined in the light of existentialism, developed by Descartes, Kierkegaard, Sartre and Heidegger. This paper analyses how “Like a Diamond in the Sky” represents Bangladeshi existentialism, and existentialists who are conscious of existence and essence. It also discusses the observation, of Omar’s characters projected in the novel, about established orders and institutions and finally, desire for freedom and searching for meaning of life.

scholarly journals ‘The return of the native by Thomas Hardy: Eustacia Vye or the bovarysme embodied in Wessex”

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (53) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Goater
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Madame Bovary ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Jude The Obscure ◽  
Shed Light

Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is one of the great English novelists of the late Victorian era. Far from the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the d’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure are among his most famous novels. If he was not directly influenced by Gustave Flaubert’s aesthetics, Hardy was very much inspired by the heroine of Madame Bovary. Indeed, quite a few of Hardy’s female characters, whether in his novels or in his short stories, suffer with varying degrees from “bovarysme’, the disease of imagination and affectivity which is one of Emma Bovary’s central features. This paper aims to shed light on the posterity of Flaubert’s character through Eustacia Vye, the heroine of The Return of the Native, to show to what extent she represents not a pale imitation but an original variation on an essential model of Western literature. 

scholarly journals Covid-19 and Related Myths in Indian Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Author(s):  
Rutika Nikhar
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Indian Community ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Source Of Information

31ST December 2019, was the day the WHO came to know about the new corona virus after a cluster of pneumonia cases caused by the virus in Wuhan province of China. On March 11 2020 WHO declared COVID-19 as pandemic. Since then the world hasn’t remained the same. It has not only changed the medical community, but also the overall mind-sets and behaviour of people worldwide. What began as a Whatsapp forward, was soon analysed worldwide through various social platforms, media and publications. The novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2, has spread from Wuhan, China to almost ALL the continents and along with it spread the rumours and myths and misinformation regarding it. The virus killed tens of millions of people, and engraved fear in the minds of the hundreds of millions. The paranoia and panic led to people to form their own speculations and have their own conclusions. Not just the fear, but the incomplete information with respect to the virus and the disease in itself has caused confusion in not just common population but the medical fraternity as well. Months of research and studies on the virus and the disease has helped clear the myths surrounding it. But yet these myths still exist amongst the people receiving misinformation and rumours and among the ones who have no access to a legitimate source of information. So let’s bust some myths surrounding the virus that changed the world.

scholarly journals FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN ONE SECOND (FEV-1) PADA PENDUDUK YANG TINGGAL DI DATARAN TINGGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray E. Molenaar ◽  
J. J. V. Rampengan ◽  
S. R. Marunduh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate Influences ◽  
Almost All

Abstract: Livingin highlands as geographical factors related to the nature of the climate influences the shape of the human body. There is a tendency of people who live in the highlands have bigger circle chest and lungs than the people who live in the lowlands. Numerous studies shows the degree of lung function in people living at highlandsare greater than the people living in the lowlands. This study aims to determine the profile of FEV-1 of the people who lives in highlands. This is a descriptive type of research that uses distribution tables. The subject of this researchare people aged 20-70 years made ​​up of 30 womens who live in the highlands. The data is obtained through the measurement of FEV-1 using Spirometer Sibel TS8248 / 1. Different fromthe results of previous studies and based on the results of the measurement and distribution table of FEV-1 obstructive degree, 29 people of the population have normal value and 1 person has a mild obstructive value. The is, almost all of the subjectsthat were studied has normal value of FEV-1. Keywords: FEV-1, Highlands.   Abstrak: Ketinggian tempat tinggal sebagai faktor geografis yang berhubungan dengan sifat iklim berpengaruh terhadap bentuk tubuh. Ada kecenderungan orang-orang yang tinggal di dataran tinggi memiliki lingkaran dada dan paru-paru yang lebih besar dari pada orang-orang yang tinggal di dataran rendah.Sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan derajat fungsi paru pada penduduk yang tinggal di dataran tinggi lebih besar dari pada penduduk yang tinggal di dataran rendah.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil pengukuran FEV-1 pada penduduk yang tinggal di dataran tinggi.Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan tabel distribusi.Subjek dari penelitian ini berusia 20-70 tahun terdiri dari 30 orang perempuan yang tinggal di dataran tinggi.Data di peroleh melalui pengukuran FEV-1 menggunakan spirometer SIBEL TS8248/1.Berbeda dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya dan berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dan tabel distribusi derajat obstruktif FEV-1, 29 orang penduduk memiliki nilai normal dan 1 orang memiliki nilai obstruktif ringan.Kesimpulan dari hasil peneletian ini adalah, rata-rata subyek yang diteliti memiliki nilai FEV-1 normal. Kata kunci: FEV-1, dataran tinggi.

scholarly journals EXISTENTIALISM IN “FIRE ON THE MOUNTAIN”

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Anita Desai ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Human Predicament ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All ◽  
In Fire

Existentialism, a quite contemporary dogma apparent in the philosophical and literary work of Sartre, was much in vogue in the European literature dating back from mid-twentieth century. Existentialism dealing greatly with the alienated trepidation, preposterousness, prejudice, escapism, over attraction for liberation, started becoming the subject matter of almost all the writers of the modern age. As an avant-garde novelist, Anita Desai in “Fire on the Mountain” exhibits a strong inclination towards the existentialist interpretation of the human predicament.” Desai’s characters of Nanda Kaul, Raka and Ila Das are studies of women in the utter maze of isolation and ennui. The novel espouses the universal human struggle for survival, especially in the face of a never ending spiral of human failures and misfortunes.

Arthur Schopenhauer, Evolution, and Ecology in Thomas Hardy’s The Woodlanders

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Heaney
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Standard Assumption ◽  
Ecological Vision ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
Plant Life

John Heaney, “Arthur Schopenhauer, Evolution, and Ecology in Thomas Hardy’s The Woodlanders” (pp. 516–545) This essay takes issue with two truisms within Thomas Hardy criticism: first, the widely accepted view that The Woodlanders (1887) is Hardy’s most “Darwinian” work; and second, the standard assumption that Arthur Schopenhauer’s influence on Hardy’s writing can be discerned specifically in the works from Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891) onward, and primarily in the unrelenting pessimism that characterizes both writers’ worldviews. The essay calls into question the simplification underlying both positions by suggesting ways in which Schopenhauer’s metaphysics may have influenced Hardy’s treatment of evolutionary themes in The Woodlanders, paying particular attention to Hardy’s choice of plant life as the dominant metaphor within the novel, and the numerous ways in which the evolutionary model it depicts diverges from that formulated by thinkers such as Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer. It argues furthermore that Schopenhauer’s philosophy of nature therefore offers the optimum framework through which to interpret Hardy’s unique ecological vision in the novel, and calls for renewed attention to the philosopher’s proto-phenomenological description of reality, the significance of which has been largely overlooked by recent ecocritical scholars searching for a non-Cartesian framework in which to couch their readings.

Reading the novel Stone Dreams on the 100th anniversary of the “Great Catastrophe”

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikail Mamedov
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Literary Journal ◽  
Home Village ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Armenian Population

The article analyzes the Stone Dreams novel by the famous Azeri writer Akram Aylisli. Published in the Russian literary journal Druzhba Narodov (Friendship of the People) in December 2012, it condemned anti-Armenian pogroms in the republic and in the cities of Baku and Sumgait in particular at the end of the 1980s. The novel also refers to the massacre committed by Turkish troops on Christmas of 1919 in the midst of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1923. At that time, Turkish commander Adif-bey ordered the mass execution of the Armenian population in the author's home village Aylis (Agulis in Armenian). Almost all Armenians were killed, with the exception of a few young girls who by the late 1980s had turned into gray-haired women. The writer knew them when he was a young man, and the whole of his narrative was based on the stories that were told by the older people in the village. The novel caused mass outrage in Azerbaijan, for allegedly being one-sided. This included mass demonstrations in front of the author's house and the public burning of his books.

TESS, VICTIM OF HYPOCRICY TESS OF THE d’URBERVILLES, THOMAS HARDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2379-2382
Author(s):  
Suzana Ibraimi Memeti
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fallen Woman ◽  
Alfred The Great ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Deep Sympathy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Prejudice

Thomas Hardy is distinguished by his contemporaries for the fact that the subjects of his novels are taken from the rural environment in the agricultural region south of England. He calls his homeland Dorset, Wessex, in memory of former King Alfred the Great. Themes and subjects of his novels are attractive and dominant. In all of his most popular novels, Hardy describes, outlines, and portrays human beings who are faced with powerful attacks of devastating and mysterious forces. He was a serious novelist who sought to present the view of life throughout a novel. Frequently, his themes and subjects mix with the sequence of events that have extreme and fatal consequences, while he rarely fails to inspire the reader with his deep mercy to the characters who suffer in their live; he often cannot afford to reach the highest degree of tragic element. The author sends an indictment to his time: he firmly rejects the duality of morality according to which the behavior of a man and the behavior of a woman is differently estimated. Thomas Hardy’s world as a writer is completely realistic, even transparent because he is a rare master of description of the environment. His characters are creatures of their environment, presented in their mutual relationships, often with sharp psychological observations. “Tess of the d’Urbervilles” is based on a familiar motif, that of a fallen woman, where Tess represents the prejudices of the Victorian society. In the novel, Hardy portrays an innocent poor girl of a country, a victim of the combined forces of Victorian patriarchal society, of the hypocrisy of social prejudice and gender inequality, which shows his deep sympathy for Tessa, the protagonist of the novel, a symbol of women devastated without mercy in a world dominated by males. He shows that Tess is an example of the devastating effect of society's pressures on a pure girl, and that Angel and Alec are personifications of destructive attitudes towards women.

Thomas Hardy's Groundwork

PMLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1041
Author(s):  
Daniel Wright
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Total Darkness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Fictional Worlds

Thomas Hardy strategically exposes what he calls the “groundwork” of his fictional worlds in scenes depicting blizzards or total darkness that scrub away all points of orientation. When Hardy reveals the empty field—”forms without features”—within which the details of the novel take shape, he aims to investigate the ontological, rather than epistemological or aesthetic, questions raised by novelistic realism. By tracing Hardy's groundwork through several novels, primarily Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Return of the Native (1878), and Tess of the d’Urbervilles (1891), the essay shows that Hardy's vexed relation to the realist tradition arises out of the metaphysical paradoxes endemic to novelistic mimesis.

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