scholarly journals Educating and Leading for World Citizenship

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejf Moos

Two perspectives on local and global societies, and therefore also on education, are explored and discussed in this paper. On one hand, society as a civilisation is producing an outcome-based discourse with a focus on marketplaces, governance, bureaucracies and accountability. On the other hand, society focuses on cul-ture through arts, language, history, relations and communication, producing a democratic Bildung dis-course. At a global level, I see those discourses shaping discourses of world citizenship and of global mar-ketplace logics with technocratic homogenisation. Those trends and tendencies are found through social analytic strategies in these categories: context of discourses, visions, themes, processes, and leadership.

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Domingos Faria ◽  

Beliefs are commonly attributed to groups or collective entities. But what is the nature of group belief? Summativism and nonsummativism are two main rival views regarding the nature of group belief. On the one hand, summativism holds that, necessarily, a group g has a belief B only if at least one individual i is both a member of g and has B. On the other hand, non-summativism holds that it is possible for a group g to have a belief B even if no member of g has B. My aim in this paper is to consider whether divergence arguments for non-summativism and against summativism about group belief are sound. Such divergence arguments aim to show that there can be a divergence between belief at the group level and the corresponding belief at the individual level. I will argue that these divergence arguments do not decisively defeat a minimal version of summativism. In order to accomplish this goal, I have the following plan: In section 2, I will analyze the structure of two important counterexamples against the summativist view, which are based on divergence arguments. Such counterexamples are based on the idea that a group decides to adopt a particular group belief, even if none of its members holds the belief in question. However, in section 3, I will show that these counterexamples fail, because they can be explained without the need to posit group beliefs. More specifically, I argue that in these apparent counterexamples, we have only a ‘group acceptance’ phenomenon and not a ‘group belief’ phenomenon. For this conclusion, I advance two arguments: in subsection 3.1, I formulate an argument from doxastic involuntarism, and in subsection 3.2, I develop an argument from truth connection. Thus, summativism is not defeated by divergence arguments. Lastly, in section 4, I will conclude with some advantages of summativism.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck F. S. Dovonou ◽  
V. C. Charlemagne Hounton ◽  
Apegnoyou Afanvi ◽  
Sylvie E. A. Adjeoda

Auch wenn nicht unbedingt in einer chronologischen Kontinuität erfährt die Luthersprache eine gewisse Perpetuierung darin, dass ihr über Dekaden hinweg auch literaturgeschichtlich weiterhin Huldigung dargebracht wird. Anschaulich hierfür darf Goethes – shakespearienisch geprägter – Sprachgebrauch (vgl. Berndhardt, 2014) in seinem Goethes Stück Götz von Berlichingen mit der eisernen Hand stehen, dessen 'Sprachmosaik' das Lutherdeutsch zum mit konstituierenden Sprachmuster hat. In neutraler Distanzierung von der Polemik, dass Luther „'Schöpfer' [der deutschen] Schriftsprache [oder] eher 'Nachzügler'“ (vgl. u.a. Besch, 1999, S. 4) wäre oder im Gegensatz dazu er „nicht der Sprachschöpfer [ist] […][, sondern] eingebettet in die Entwicklung“ (vgl. Kettmann, 2008, nachträglich Besch, 2014) bzw. ob ihm überhaupt eine [ausschlaggebende] „Bedeutung“ hinsichtlich der „Ausbildung der neuhochdeutschen Schriftsprache“ (vgl. Burdach, 1996) zuzusprechen sei, verfolgt die vorliegende – nicht primär sprachhistorisch ausgerichtete – Studie einen neuen Ansatz. Ihr Ziel ist es vielmehr, wie es sich in der Themenformulierung herausartikuliert, Goethes Götz von Berlichingen mit der eisernen Hand im Hinblick auf seine sprachlich-ästhetische Gestaltung, nämlich unter dem besonderen Aspekt dessen Bestand an Relikten des „Lutherdeutsch“, exemplarisch hermeneutisch bzw. analytisch-interpretatorisch zu reflektieren. Hierbei werden den Leitfragen nachgegangen, ob und inwieweit Luthers epochenbrechende Sprachwirkung (vgl. Besch, 2014, S. 49, u.a.) in Goethes Götz von Berlichingen mit der eisernen Hand Resonanz aufweist und nicht zuletzt was dies an Implikation im Sinne eines Neu-Lesens des gewürdigten Werkes beinhaltet. Die Studie stellt die epochenübergreifende Perennität der [Sprach-]Wirkung Luthers insbesondere in der Literatur heraus, wovon die – in zwar restringiertem Ausmaß bestehende – jedoch würdigungswerte Präsenz von Relikten der Luthersprache sowie lutherbezogenen biographischen Spuren im untersuchten Drama wohl bezeugen kann. Insofern stellt sie rezeptionsästhetisch ein neues Herangehen an das Drama dar. "Luther’s language" is – not necessarily in a chronologic continuity – perpetuated for it has been paid tribute to over the decades, most especially in literature. Language use as it reflects in Goethe’s Shakespearian-featured play Götz von Berlichingen evidences this. Indeed, "Luther’s German" constitutes a pattern of the language mosaic which characterizes the named play. The present study is not primarily meant as a language history study. Rather, it is intended as an innovative approach which, in neutral distancing from the polemic related to Luther’s role (whether as founder vs. mere contemporary or as background vs. foreground actor) regarding the written language, examines, through literary hermeneutics-oriented methodology, Goethe’s play titled Götz von Berlichingen mit der eisernen Hand from the angle of its aesthetic and linguistic configuration, especially focussing on "relics" of the "Luther’s German" therein. Namely in dealing with three core questions. That is, on one hand, if and to which extent the effect of the historically transversal "Luther’s language" reflects in the play under study and, on the other hand, which implication is attached thereto towards a new interpretative approach to the same. The study demonstrates the "timelessness" of Luther’s influence and most especially of "his" language in literature, as evidenced by the presence of not only vestige of Luther’s Language but also Luther-related biographic features in Goethe’s play Götz von Berlichingen… Even though to a relatively restricted extent still worth mentioning. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0884/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>


1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Pierre Mühlemann

The Rio Follow-up proceeds on a regional as well as on a global level. On the one hand, the international scope and preconditions are presented and discussed and on the other hand, the activities established in 1995 by the UN-Commission on Sustainable Development on the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests. Swiss support is especially taken into account.


2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agueda Parra ◽  
Alfredo Oliva

The purpose of the present paper was to study the development of emotional autonomy through adolescence analysing its association with family relationships. The development of emotional autonomy involves an increase in adolescents' subjective sense of his or her independence, especially in relation to parents. From some scholars emotional autonomy is a normative manifestation of the detachment process from parents, however, others point out that detachment from parental ties is not the norm, so high level of adolescent emotional autonomy is the consequence of negative family relationships. In our study a sample of 101 adolescents were followed for 5 years, from early to middle adolescence, and completed questionnaires to measure their emotional autonomy and the quality of their family relationships. Our results showed that over the course of adolescence some dimensions of emotional autonomy increase, meanwhile others decrease, so the global level of emotional autonomy global level remains stable. On the other hand, emotional autonomy is associated with negative family relationships, so emotional autonomy, more than a necessary process to become adult, could be indicating an insecure attachment to parents.


2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. C02
Author(s):  
Gaia Salvatori

In the globalisation era, arts have provided food for thought on “how latitudes became forms”, to stress again that now, at global level, one should no longer define art as a contemplation “space”, but as an “environment”, a place for experience. On the other hand, already when Bern saw the inauguration of the historic exhibition “When Attitudes became Forms” in 1969, people realised that the problem was lying in the behaviour, in the attitude, of making arts towards the world. Basically, the formalistic concept of self-referentiality in a work of art was to be overcome, and attention was to be paid to procedures and contexts. In search of a new humanism in contact with the natural universe.


Author(s):  
Diego Pautasso ◽  
Marcelo Pereira Fernandes

The article intends to problematize the alleged antagonism between, on the one hand, state capacity and sovereignty and, on the other hand, the integration of markets at a global level. The current manichaeism that tends to reduce approaches to "globalists" or "skeptics" does not contribute to the understanding of the contemporary international system. It is necessary to overcome the supposed antagonism between state-centric and transnational visions, in favor of critical approaches that understand the interlacements between the State and the internationalization of capital, which are crossed by the process of expansion of capitalism in contemporary times.


2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Heidrun Kämper

The authentic as a category of description and value is on the one hand an element of public discourse in order to constitute authenticity and truthfulness in various everyday contexts, on the other hand represents a central object of cultural studies. The functional difference in use resulting from this diversity of the concept is included in the following contribution, which is on the one hand in the context of the research network “Historical Authenticity” of the Leibniz Scientific Association. On the other hand, the considerations are derived from a planned research project on a linguistic social history 1933 to 1945. Newer developments in use and changes in the semantic structure of authentic and the word family are reconstructed in order to answer the question of authenticity as a social construct. On the basis of this finding on the general use of authentic/authenticity, considerations follow, concerning the handling of such language data in the context of language history writing, which are not authentic in the strict sense, i. e. genuine and original. It is about the predicate “authentic” in terms of language data. More precisely, the category “authentic” is placed as a valuation term in the context of language history with the question: What is an authentic language date?


1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.


Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.


Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.


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