Justus Liebig and the Rise of Nutritional Science

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Tom Scott-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Nutritional Science

This chapter explains how theories of gelatin and osmazome were eventually replaced by a more modern approach to the diet. It illustrates this change by comparing two very similar products that emerged over the space of just a decade: a substance called Osmazome Food, which was promoted by Alexis Soyer, and one known as Extractum Carnis, or “extract of meat,” which was promoted by the founder of modern biochemistry, Justus Liebig. These two products were essentially the same, but were marketed in radically different ways: the former framed by classical dietetics; the latter by modern nutritional science. The chapter shows how classical dietetic tradition, which had spread throughout Europe in the Renaissance, died away with modern biochemistry, and Liebig's science shifted attention inside the body. This had four main implications which profoundly changed how food was judged, how nutritional authority was conducted, how food was removed from its social context, and how food became a tool of progress.

scholarly journals A modern approach to the combination treatment of allergic rhinitis

2018 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpischenko ◽  
G. V. Lavrenova ◽  
E. I. Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Consistent Increase

Allergic rhinitis is a common disease that significantly worsens the patient’s quality of life. In some cases, the disease can be life threatening. Severe attacks of bronchial obstruction may occur in patients with allergic rhinitis. The widespread prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adults and children, consistent increase in disease incidence constitutes a great medical and social issue. Treatment for allergic rhinitis should be aimed at reaching increased remission duration, preventing the exacerbation of the disease and educating patients to maintain control over the symptoms of the disease. A challenge that otolaryngologists and allergists face is to restore nasal breathing in patients with allergic rhinitis. The updated approach to the challenge is to suggest treatment that takes into account the pathophysiological mechanisms that occur not only in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, but throughout the body, in particular, in the intestine.

scholarly journals Place and Possibilities of the Robotic System Lokomat in the Rehabilitation of Patients After Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Medvedev I. N.
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Post Stroke

Ischemic stroke is still a very common disease with quite serious consequences. Modern medicine considers in this regard its main task in the curation of such patients, the maximum possible restoration of the functions of the affected brain and the volume of its control over the body. Due to the rapid development of medicine associated with the emergence of innovative technologies in the field of rehabilitation, hardware methods of rehabilitation today have gone far ahead and have in their arsenal a lot of high-tech tools. For this purpose, a search is being made for means of increasing the activity of brain cells located in the affected area. Of particular importance in this regard are the methods of rehabilitation in the early recovery period after ischemic stroke using robotic methods of mechanotherapy, one of which is the use of the Lokomat system. Among them, a prominent place is occupied by the walking training system - Lokomat, consisting of robotic orthoses and a body support device, which are combined with a treadmill. Information about the successful use of Lokomat during the rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders is still scattered, and this required their generalization and understanding. The main advantage of this system is the ability to effectively control and ensure high intensity, repeatability (reproducibility) and purposefulness of the trained movements. The convincing advantages of automated training on the Lokomat system compared to traditional rehabilitation in terms of various clinical indicators in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis have been identified. It was shown that in patients trained on the Lokomat system, a single support on the paretic leg intensified, which contributed to a more symmetrical gait. This system is more than other devices and technologies designed for learning to walk, in line with the modern approach to the restoration of impaired motor functions. The inclusion of training sessions on the Lokomat robotic system in the comprehensive treatment of patients with post-stroke hemiparesis leads to a marked improvement in movement skills. This is associated with a pronounced restructuring against the background of its use of the motor stereotype of walking, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of recreational activities in post-stroke patients.

scholarly journals Criza Corporalităţii În Poetica Lui Ilarie Voronca

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Alexandru Foitoș
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Body ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to highlight the vanguardist poetical universe of Ilarie Voronca, focusing on the construction of corporeal representations. The poetics of corporeality is associated with the concept of “crisis”, the latter being reverberated in the vanguard lyrical works as an effect of the historical and social context of the 20th century, which is the First World War. As a result, the consequences of this context bring to the vanguard writers poetical substance, which encapsulates the body and the disease, these two being transposed into several eerie, radical and shocking images in Ilarie Voronca’s poetics. This paper is going to demonstrate the existence of several corporeal representations in Ilarie Voronca’s poems, which are mainly represented by the vulnerable body, viewed as a limit and as the diseased/the suffering, proving that the crisis of corporeality is the effect of the historical conflagration at the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Expressive Wearables

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Anand Epp
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Social Technology ◽  
Participatory Methods ◽  
Future Design

Self-expression is a vital practice for a functioning social life. Wearables have become expressive everyday products, while studies showed how physical collocation can be an opportunity for social technology. This article identifies a perspective for future design of wearables as an extension of the body in its social context: designing for diversity in expression with respect to social boundaries. The collected literature demonstrates the development of new forms of expressive wearables that challenges norms of dress and three groups of participatory methods enable re-search into everyday life practices. The two initial studies—inquiring into everyday life and exploring the wearable design for new practices—exemplify these methods and point a way forward with a focus for design on distinct practices of self-expression.

Vitamin D deficiency: a modern approach to pathogenesis and therapy

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
N A Lomova ◽  
T E Karapetyan ◽  
E L Dolgopolova ◽  
E T Malbakhova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Neonatal Adaptation ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Neonatal Hypocalcemia ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the needs of the woman's body increase. Food substances entering the body are used both for feeding the mother's body and for building the organs (structures) of the fetus and its life support. Deficit states contribute to the development of various obstetric complications, pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, adversely affect the formation of the placenta, the transmission through it of micronutrients from mother to child, increase the risk of deficiency in the child, violations of early neonatal adaptation and the formation of abnormalities in the health of children at the stage of postnatal ontogenesis. Daily vitamin D supplementation throughout pregnancy has a preventive effect and may reduce the risk of preeclampsia, endothelial dysfunction, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, neonatal hypocalcemia.

HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-476
Author(s):  
◽  
Richard W. Blumberg ◽  
Gilbert B. Forbes ◽  
Donald Fraser ◽  
Arild E. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Nutritional Science ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Definition Of

Although it is self-evident that the study of human nutrition has as its goal the optimal nutrition of man, the nutritional status of the body best suited to optimal performance, i.e., optimal nutrition, has unfortunately not yet been satisfactorily defined. Body composition of animals may be measured by direct chemical analysis and correlated with dietary intake and with the various aspects of performance; studies of body composition of living man, on the other hand, must rely on indirect measure ments. The following two reports, which give an account of the current status of the attack on the difficult task of measuring body composition in living man, are sponsored by the Committee on Nutrition to call attention to the resurgence of effort in this field during recent years. A fuller knowledge of the gross composition of the human body and its relation to preceding diet will constitute a significant step towards realization of the ultimate goal of nutritional science. Even then, a particular body composition will be of importance primarily in terms of functional performance. The availability of newer techniques should do much to stimulate physicians and nutritionists in defining body composition as an essential step in arriving at a more exact definition of optimal nutrition.

Interpreting Map Art with a Perspective Learned from J.M. Blaut

2006 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Varanka
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Map art has been mentioned only briefly in geographic or cartographic literature, and has been analyzed almost entirely at the interpretive level. This paper attempts to define and evaluate the cartographic value of contemporary map-like art by placing the body of work as a whole in the theoretical concepts proposed by J.M. Blaut and his colleagues about mapping as a cognitive and cultural universal. This paper discusses how map art resembles mapping characteristics similar to those observed empirically in very young children as described in the publications of Blaut and others. The theory proposes that these early mapping skills are later structured and refined by their social context and practice. Diverse cultural contexts account for the varieties, types, and degrees of mapping behavior documented with time and geographic place. The dynamics of early mapping are compared to mapping techniques employed by artists. The discipline of fine art serves as the context surrounding map artists and their work. My visual analysis, research about the art and the artists, and interviews with artists and curators form the basis of my interpretation of these works within varied and multiple contexts of late 20th century map art.

Headbob displays signal sex, social context and species identity in a Liolaemus lizard

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalin S. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
The Social

Abstract Animal communication has a key role in animals and identifying the signals’ function is crucial. Most lizards communicate with each other through visual signals with headbob displays, which are up-and-down movements of the head or the anterior part of the body. In the present work, I described and analysed the headbob displays of Liolaemus pacha lizards in their natural habitat. Specifically, the objectives were to describe the form of headbobs, to analyse their structure and to compare between sexes and social contexts. Adult lizards were video-recorded, registering the sex and the social context, classified as broadcast, same-sex and female-male interactions. The form and structure of sequences and headbobs were obtained. To evaluate the effect of sex and social context on the structure of headbob sequences and on headbob bouts, generalized linear mixed models were made. Intersexual differences were found in headbob display frequency and in the structure of headbob sequences. Lizards in same-sex context made sequences with more bouts, shorter intervals, headbob bouts of longer duration and higher amplitude than broadcast and female-male context. Presence of concurring behaviour such as lateral compression, gular expansion, and back arching occurred simultaneously with headbobs in same-sex context. Liolaemus pacha made four different headbob bout forms, and males were characterised by using bouts A and B, whereas females used bouts D more frequent. Sex and social context influenced only the structure of bouts A and B. The results showed that bouts A and B might be multi-component signals and non-redundant.

scholarly journals Experience of joint use of physiotherapeutic treatment and complex bioregulatory medicines in the multidisciplinary clinic practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
D. M. Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sport Injuries ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Joint Injury ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Multidisciplinary Clinic ◽  
Clinical Cases

Sports injuries of the musculoskeletal system of different localization represent actual problems of modern traumatology and rehabilitation. Despite the large number of proposed methods of therapy, the question of the management of injuries in athletes remains open. The main goal is to identify effective and safe approach to drug and non-pharmacological treatment and rehabilitation of athletes, allowing them to restore damaged structures and functional capabilities of the body to the initial level in a short time, as well as reduce the risk of relapse and repeated injury of athletes of any age. This review of clinical cases demonstrates a modern approach to this problem based on recent breakthroughs in the inflammation resolution. Particular attention is paid to the role of complex bioregulatory medicines Traumeel S and Zeel T in the management of sport injuries. Four clinical cases of patients of different ages and sexes are presented for consideration, two of them had knee injury, one patient presented with acromioclavicular joint injury, and the last one was suffering from achilles tendon rupture. The treatment algorithms based on the complex bioregulatory medicines Traumeel S and Zeel T in different forms (injectables, ointment and tablet) are actively used in multidisciplinary clinic. In these settings patients can receive the necessary therapy according to clinical experience of other colleagues that was published in scientific articles. Abovementioned clinical cases demonstrate that complex bioregulatory medicines and various physiotherapeutic methods may be considered as an effective treatment option in sport injuries.

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