HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION

Although it is self-evident that the study of human nutrition has as its goal the optimal nutrition of man, the nutritional status of the body best suited to optimal performance, i.e., optimal nutrition, has unfortunately not yet been satisfactorily defined. Body composition of animals may be measured by direct chemical analysis and correlated with dietary intake and with the various aspects of performance; studies of body composition of living man, on the other hand, must rely on indirect measure ments. The following two reports, which give an account of the current status of the attack on the difficult task of measuring body composition in living man, are sponsored by the Committee on Nutrition to call attention to the resurgence of effort in this field during recent years. A fuller knowledge of the gross composition of the human body and its relation to preceding diet will constitute a significant step towards realization of the ultimate goal of nutritional science. Even then, a particular body composition will be of importance primarily in terms of functional performance. The availability of newer techniques should do much to stimulate physicians and nutritionists in defining body composition as an essential step in arriving at a more exact definition of optimal nutrition.

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Bodily Dasein and Chinese Script Components

Yearbook for Eastern and Western Philosophy ◽

10.1515/yewph-2017-0015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kwan Tze-wan

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

The Body ◽

Chinese Script ◽

Chinese Characters ◽

Body Parts ◽

Constitutive Principle ◽

New Perspective ◽

Social Environmental ◽

The One ◽

Definition Of

AbstractIn the Shuowen, one of the earliest comprehensive character dictionaries of ancient China, when discussing where the Chinese characters derive their structural components, Xu Shen proposed the dual constitutive principle of “adopting proximally from the human body, and distally from things around.” This dual emphasis of “body” and “things around” corresponds largely to the phenomenological issues of body or corporeality on the one hand, and lifeworld on the other. If we borrow Heidegger’s definition of Dasein as Being-in-the world, we can easily arrive at a reformulation of Xu Shen’s constitutive principle of the Chinese script as one that concerns “bodily Dasein.” By looking into various examples of script tokens we can further elaborate on how the Chinese make use not only of the body in general but various body parts, and how they differentiate their life world into material nature, living things, and a multifaceted world of equipment in forming a core basis of Chinese characters/components, upon which further symbolic manipulation such as “indication”, “phonetic borrowing”, semantic combination, and “annotative derivation”, etc. can be based. Finally, examples will be cited to show how in the Chinese scripts the human body (and its parts) might interact with other’s bodies (and their parts) or with “things around” (whether nature, living creatures, or artifacts) in various ways to cover the social, environmental, ritual, technical, economical, and even intellectual aspects of human experience. Bodily Dasein, so to speak, provides us with a new perspective of understanding and appreciating the entire scope of the Chinese script.

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BIOLOGICAL AGE AS A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING HEALTH LEVEL UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-7-761-765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (7) ◽

pp. 761-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. I. Prokhorov ◽

V. I. Dontsov ◽

Vyacheslav N. Krutko ◽

T. M. Khodykina

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Modern Human ◽

The Body ◽

Biological Age ◽

Whole Body ◽

New Methods ◽

Biomarkers Of Aging ◽

Age Related ◽

Definition Of

The widespread formation of unfavorable environmental, the swiftness of modern life with large information and psycho-emotional loads and extremely natural and climatic cataclysms, as well as harmful addictions and wrong way of life of modern human, lead to the development of stress and disruption of the mechanisms of adaptation of the human body and its accelerated wear. This stimulates the development of research on the creation of new methods of integrated assessment of health and quantitative assessment of the aging processes of the body systems and the whole body, as well as the possibilities of new methods of risk assessment of climatic and environmentally related pathological and age-related diseases. The aim of the work was to consider the methodology of quantitative assessment of individual health and the rate of aging of the human body on the basis of the system index of Biological age (BA); description of its essence and structure, requirements for tests - biomarkers of aging used as the index of BA, definition of possibilities and scope of application of the BA method in modern practice of Biomedicine. The use of modern methods of scientific analysis - a systematic approach to the analysis of the processes of human aging and determine its quantitative side - the value of BA, allows a reasonable approach to the choice of the number of BM, to take into account their information content and precision, and the cost of diagnostics and availability for different users, to take into account the specific objectives of the researcher. The use of the index-partial BA allows individual approaching the choice of biomarkers and create personalized panels for the definition of BA programs for the prevention of aging in personalized preventive medicine. The complexity of the content and calculation of indices of BA requires automation and the use of methods of modern computer science and computer calculations and programs. For this purpose, we have created special computer software for diagnosing aging by calculating the BA indices with the possibility of choosing BM and automatic calculation of indicators and conclusions.

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Relationship of selected sociodemographic factors and body composition in an open population of Rzeszów inhabitants participating in a health promoting event

Polish Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1515/pjph-2016-0014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 68-71

Author(s):

Paweł Więch ◽

Dariusz Bazaliński ◽

Izabela Sałacińska ◽

Monika Binkowska-Bury

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Human Body ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Significance Level ◽

Open Population ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract Introduction. The structure of the human body may vary greatly, depending on a number of factors, sociodemographic ones in particular. An analysis of the body composition makes it possible to assess the existing differences and provides broader insight into the multidimensional changes occuring to the human body. Aim. An investigation of the relationship between selected sociodemographic factors and body composition in an open population of Rzeszów residents. Material and methods. The study was performed on a group of 101 adults, aged 30-83. Their body composition was examined using bioimpedance analyzer BIA-101 and selected sociodemographic factors were investigated using a survey questionnaire designed for that particular purpse. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to identify statistically significant differences between the examined variables. Additionally, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was applied. The study adopted a significance level of p<0.05. Calculations were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results. The findings revealed some significant differences (p<0.05) related to gender, age and employment status, as well as selected constituents of fat mass and fat free mass in the subjects. Conclusions. Selected sociodemographic factors significantly affect the components of body composition in adults. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the reported differences.

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From chemical analysis of the body...to metabolic insights provided by the new methodology

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500020079 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 78 (s2) ◽

pp. S101-S112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susan A. Jebb

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Human Body ◽

The Body ◽

Human Studies ◽

Adult Human ◽

Human Cadavers ◽

Direct Data ◽

Human Body Composition

It is by no means an exaggeration to say that Dr Widdowson is one of the pioneers of body composition research and her studies in the 1940s and 1950s have laid the foundations of body composition science today. These have included both animal and human studies, although this paper will focus only on the latter. Together with Professor McCance and Christine Spray she was responsible for the analysis of three entire adult human cadavers and that of a 4-year-old child (Widdowson et al. 1951). Further work with Dr Dickerson explored the composition of specific tissues and organs of the body (Widdowson & Dickerson, 1964). These studies provide some of the best direct data on human body composition. Moreover the findings from this work form the basis of the indirect techniques which are used so widely today.

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Bioimpedance Analysis of Human Body Composition: Medical Applications, Terminology.

Clinical nutrition and metabolism ◽

10.17816/clinutr72132 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Svetlana P. Shchelykalina ◽

Dmitry V. Nikolaev

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Human Body ◽

English Language ◽

Physical Development ◽

The Body ◽

Bioimpedance Analysis ◽

Muscular System ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Medical Environment ◽

Human Body Composition

This article discusses the terminology features of bioimpedance analysis of body composition and the most common mistakes in the use of terms. In the Russian-speaking medical environment, you can often find the use of a number of inaccurate terms related to bioimpedance analysis of the human body composition. At the same time, the terminology of bioimpedance analysis of human body composition in English-language publications has long been established. The article presents the Russian and English terms of bioimpedance analysis of the human body composition with corresponding abbreviations, as well as the hierarchy of the terms body composition components, body composition parameters, parameters of bioimpedance analysis of body composition and bioimpedance parameters. The most developed areas of application of bioimpedance analysis in medical practice are discussed: assessment of nutrition and dynamic observations of changes in body composition, assessment of the body mineral mass, assessment of the body hydration parameters, assessment of blood supply to tissues and organs, including in the monitoring mode, assessment of the asymmetry of paired organs and limbs, assessment of pre-start readiness, physical development and the level of fitness of the athlete's muscular system.

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Human Gestures between Power and Action

Paragrana ◽

10.1524/para.2010.0013 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 213-220

Author(s):

Daniel Blanga Gubbay

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Human Condition ◽

The Body ◽

Present Condition ◽

Epistemological Tradition ◽

External Objects ◽

Human Gestures ◽

The Subject ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Sacrifice

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to define the act itself of making gestures in its implication for human condition. Departing from Johann Jakob Engel′s definition of gestures as movements toward real external objects, the first part of this paper defines objects as everything opposed to the subject or to the present condition of the body, in line with Sartre and the epistemological tradition. The second part then investigates the relation of gesture with its possibilities to reach objects, that is, its ability to be concrete actions as well. Starting from biblical image of the sacrifice of Isaac, gesture is defined as the rejection of being an action, in order to be ascribed to the Aristotelian category of power. Hence, gesture is what makes us perceive both the present condition of human body and its possibilities.

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Validity and reliability of a physical activity/inactivity questionnaire in South African primary schoolgirls

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2413-3108/2007/v19i5a251 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ZJ Mciza ◽

JH Goedecke ◽

EV Lambert

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

South African ◽

The Body ◽

Self Report ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

Percentage Body Fat

Objective. We sought to determine the validity and reliability of a self-report physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) measuring physical activity/inactivity in South African schoolgirls of different ethnic origins. Methods. Construct validity of the PAQ was tested against physical activity energy expenditure estimated from an ACTIVITYGRAM and inactivity from reported television programme viewing in 332 girls (ages 9 - 12 yrs, grades 4 - 5). Body composition (WHO BMI percentiles and percentage body fat) was used as an indirect measure of validity for the PAQ. Test-retest reliability of the PAQ was assessed in a convenience sample of 14 girls. Results. Weak but significant associations were found between the body composition and PAQ-derived total energy expenditure (r=-0.18; p

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Validity and reliability of a physical activity/inactivity questionnaire in South African primary schoolgirls

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2078-516x/2007/v19i5a251 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ZJ Mciza ◽

JH Goedecke ◽

EV Lambert

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

South African ◽

The Body ◽

Self Report ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

Percentage Body Fat

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EVOLUTION OF NORMATIVE REGULATION OF MEDICAL EXAMINATION

Criminalistics and Forensics ◽

10.33994/kndise.2019.64.13 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 158-169

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Human Body ◽

The State ◽

The Body ◽

Medical Examination ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject ◽

Rights And Interests ◽

Definition Of ◽

Living Person

The article analyzes the development of the regulatory framework of the institution of certification, starting with the Lithuanian charters to the present day. It is noted that at various historical stages, the definition of the content of the medical examination as a means of obtaining information about the crime and the person who committed it was approached in different ways, but it was always considered in connection with the examination. This emphasizes the affinity of the methods that were used during the examination and medical examination. The specificity of the examination was determined by the subject of inspection – the body of a living person. Sometimes examination was called inspection of objects and a corpse, and in some cases, the tasks of the examination included determining the state of the human body, its age, etc. Analysis of the regulatory regulation of the examination at various stages shows that standards have always been provided to ensure the rights and interests of the person being examined. In the first place, this concerned the examination of persons of a different gender than the investigator, referred to persons who could carry it out, in order to protect the honor and dignity of the person being examined. The article analyzes the legislation of different periods in the history of the USSR and some countries that emerged after its collapse in terms of the purpose of the medical examination. It is noted that the purpose of certification in the Code of Criminal Procedure of these states is not determined equally. In some, as in Ukraine, the goal is to establish on the human body traces of crime and special signs. In others, the objectives of the examination include the establishment of a state of intoxication or other properties that are relevant to the criminal case. Article examines the issue of the possibility of compulsory examination of the person; the opinions of various groups of authors and their justification are given; Additional arguments are given about the necessity and possibility of compulsory examination of a suspect, victim, witness who refuse to voluntarily pass it, after using the available means and methods of persuasion. Attention is drawn to the fact that the investigator or the prosecutor should not be deprived of the opportunity to establish the truth and protect the rights and interests of the victim of the crime, due to the fact that for some reason he does not want this. Key words: examination, regulation, subject of examination, human properties.

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Biopower and Plasma: How COVID-19 Made an ANT Theorist Stop Worrying and Love Foucault

Philosophical Literary Journal Logos ◽

10.22394/0869-5377-2021-2-105-123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 105-126

Keyword(s):

Michel Foucault ◽

Human Body ◽

Network Theory ◽

Actor Network Theory ◽

The Body ◽

Dynamic Object ◽

Bruno Latour ◽

Actor Network ◽

The Third ◽

Definition Of

The article deals with some problems in the works of Bruno Latour and Michel Foucault as they considered the body and biopower. To dispose of the Foucauldian concept of biopower, Latour proposed his theory of the body as a dynamic object constantly learning to be open to new articulations. The author points out the gaps in Latour’s solution and develops her own in order to return biopower into the realm of actor network theory. The body is to be understood as the privileged object in actor network theory, while both biopower and resistance to it are two fundamental and interrelated groups of articulations that allow the body to support the unlimited expansion of the network. This theory is validated by succeeding in three tasks. The first is to show that Latour’s definition of the human body has implications that are important both for his work with biopower and for actor network theory as a whole. The body in the actor network theory has a special status compared to any other objects, and this is the very reason that the control of biopower over the body plays such an important role. Only the body possesses the necessary “bandwidth” - the ability to bring into the network what is not in it. The second task is to compare the concepts of body and biopower in Latour and Foucault and partially translate them into each other’s terms. The third and last task involves deciding whether the body resists biopower through the logic of actor network theory, or whether the acquisition of a body is the only possible act of power. The article concludes with a demonstration of how the available theoretical resources can be used to describe the current coronavirus situation.

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