The Explosion of Crime in the Global South

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Samuel Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Global South ◽  
World Population ◽  
Gang Violence ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Child Prostitution ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Police Forces

This chapter studies the explosion of violent crime in the Global South. It begins by looking at statistics on global homicidal rates provided by the World Population Review. Kidnappings are an even greater concern than homicide and it is a particularly severe problem in Mexico. Brazil also has a long history of kidnapping and criminal gangs have been out of control in the country. In 2002, Rio de Janeiro had been shut down by a particularly flashy gang, the Comando Vermelho (Red Command), somewhat on a whim by their leader. Other acts of gang violence have been more purposive. That same year, the army and elite police forces had invaded two slum neighborhoods looking for the killer of Tim Lopes, a reporter for TV Globo who had been surreptitiously filming a gang party in the slums while working on a story about child prostitution. The gang members caught him in the act, gave him a summary trial, and then tortured him to death. Later on, some people would be arrested for the Tim Lopes murder, but the gangs that committed the crime were able to continue their activities without interruption.

Playful mobilities in the Global South: A study of Pokémon Go play in Rio de Janeiro and Nairobi

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110164
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza e Silva ◽  
Ragan Glover-Rijkse ◽  
Anne Njathi ◽  
Daniela de Cunto Bueno
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Global South ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Pokémon Go

Pokémon Go is the most popular location-based game worldwide. As a location-based game, Pokémon Go’s gameplay is connected to networked urban mobility. However, urban mobility differs significantly around the world. Large metropoles in South America and Africa, for example, experience ingrained social, cultural, and economic inequalities. With this in mind, we interviewed Pokémon Go players in two Global South cities, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Nairobi (Kenya), to understand how players navigate urban spaces not only based on gameplay but with broader concerns for safety. Our findings reveal that players negotiate their urban mobilities based on perceptions of risk and safety, choosing how to move around and avoiding areas known for violence and theft. These findings are relevant for understanding the social and political aspects of networked urban spaces as well as for investigating games as venues through which we can understand ordinary life, racial, gender, and socioeconomic inequalities.

HISTÓRIA, PATRIMá”NIO E MEMÓRIA SENSáVEL: o Cais do Valongo no Rio de Janeiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONICA LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The City

O artigo trata sobre aspectos que definem a importá¢ncia do sá­tio histórico e arqueológico Cais do Valongo, situado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, para a história da escravização de africanos e seus descendentes nas Américas e, em especial, no Brasil. Além de ressaltar a relevá¢ncia desse bem, reconhecido em 2017 como Patrimônio Mundial pela UNESCO, também aborda o seu significado como sá­tio histórico de memória sensá­vel e lugar de memória do tráfico atlá¢ntico de africanos escravizados. Ao longo do texto, são abordadas ideias-chave, tais como passados sensá­veis, violência, dor e sofrimento em perspectiva histórica, indicando possibilidades de comparação com outros espaços no mundo, considerando tragédias humanas e conceitos utilizados nos estudos sobre esses processos. Finalmente, o texto analisa elementos em torno da história da região do Cais do Valongo como espaço de resistência e de afirmação das populações negras.Palavras-chave: Cais do Valongo. História da Escravidão. Passados Sensá­veis. Patrimônio Mundial. História dos africanos no Brasil.HISTORY, PATRIMONY AND SENSITIVE MEMORY:  the Pier of Valongo in Rio de JaneiroAbstract: The article deals with aspects that define the importance of the historical and archaelogical site of Valongo Wharf, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, for the history of enslavement of Africans and their descendants in the Americas and especially in Brazil. In addition to highlighting the relevance of this property, recognized in 2017 as a Worl Heritage Site by UNESCO, it also addresses its significance as a historical site of sensitive memory and a place of memory for the Atlantic traffic of enslaved Africans. Throughout the text, key ideas such as sensitive past, violence, pain and suffering are discussed in historical perspective, which indicates possibilities of comparison with other spaces in the world, considering human tragedies and concepts used in the studies on these processes. Finally, the text analyzes other elements around the history of the Valongo Wharf region as space of resistance and affirmation of the black populations.Keywords: Valongo Wharf. History of Slavery. Sensitive Pasts. World Heritage. History of Africans in Brazil.HISTORIA, PATRIMONIO Y MEMORIA SENSIBLE:  el Cais do Valongo en Rá­o de JaneiroResumen: El artá­culo trata sobre aspectos que definen la importancia del sitio histórico y arqueológico Cais do Valongo, situado en la ciudad de Rá­o de Janeiro, para la historia de la esclavización de africanos y sus descendientes en las Américas y, en especial, en Brasil. Además de resaltar la relevancia de ese bien, reconocido en 2017 como Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO, también aborda su significado como sitio histórico de memoria sensible y lugar de memoria de la trata atlántica de africanos esclavizados. A lo largo del texto, se abordan ideas clave, tales como pasados sensibles, violencia, dolor y sufrimiento en perspectiva histórica, indicando posibilidades de comparación con otros espacios en el mundo y considerando tragedias humanas y conceptos utilizados en los estudios sobre esos procesos. Finalmente, el texto analiza elementos en torno a la historia de la región del Cais do Valongo como espacio de resistencia y de afirmación de las poblaciones negras.Palabras clave:  Muelle de Valongo. Historia de la Esclavitud. Pasados Sensibles. Patrimonio Mundial. Historia de los africanos en Brasil.

scholarly journals Precarity North and South: A Southern Critique of Guy Standing

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Scully
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Global South ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
New Politics ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global North ◽  
North And South

<p>Guy Standing is among the most provocative and influential analysts of the rise of precarious work around the world. His writing is part of a wave of global labour studies that has documented the spread of precarious work throughout the Global North and South. However, this article argues that by treating precarity around the world as a single phenomenon, produced by globalisation, the work of Standing and others obscures the different and much longer history of precarious work in the Global South. This article shows how many of the features that Standing associates with the contemporary “precariat” have long been widespread among Southern workers. This longer history of precarity has important implications for contemporary debates about a new politics of labour, which is a central focus of Standing’s recent work.</p>

scholarly journals Nicotine stomatitis in smokers: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Doni MS. Prabowo ◽  
Haris B. Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
World Population ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe and analyse nicotine stomatitis in smokers. Of the world population that consumes tobacco, Asia and Australia make up 57% of tobacco consumers. Tobacco can be consumed by various ways such as smoked tobacco, commonly known as cigarettes, or smokeless tobacco. Cigarettes are known to cause nicotine stomatitis in the oral cavity.Methods: A 28-year-old man patient came with complaints of white spots on his hard palate. The patient has a medical history of asthma as a child and has been taking salbutamol. The patient has been smoking 3 packs of cigarettes a day since being 16 years old.Results: Nicotine stomatitis that occurs on the hard palate appears as circular reddish shapes on the orifice of minor salivary glands. These lesions are formed from physically irritation caused by smoking. The lesions were benign and reversible.Conclusion: Thought appropriate examination and treatment, these lesions were healed.

scholarly journals Historical perspective and initial conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
World Population ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Outcomes

This chapter provides a historical perspective on Asia in the world economy with a focus on the colonial era, and sketches a profile of the prevalent initial conditions when Asian countries became independent. Two centuries ago, Asia accounted for two-thirds of world population and almost three-fifths of world income. Its decline and fall during the colonial era, associated with deindustrialization, was attributable to its integration with the world economy, through trade and investment, driven by imperialism. Fifty years ago, then, Asia was the poorest continent in the world. Its even worse demographic and social indicators of development epitomized its underdevelopment. Such initial conditions were the starting point in its journey to development. But most Asian countries did have a long history of well-structured states, and cultures, which were not entirely destroyed by colonialism. Their different pasts, embedded in histories albeit shaped by colonial legacies, also influenced future outcomes in development.

scholarly journals Brazilian plant specimens at the Regnellian herbarium: history and repatriation

Rodriguésia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brazilian Flora

Abstract This article visits the history of Brazil-Sweden's partnership in botany and the contribution of Anders Fredrik Regnell and other botanical collectors to the knowledge of Brazilian flora. The importance of the herbarium of Stockholm (S) is widely recognized for its collections of Brazilian plants, one of the largest in the world. The majority of the collections from Brazil date from the period between the second half of nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. The main collectors of Brazilian flora from that phase, whose bulk of collections are in Stockholm are Anders Regnell, Gustaf Malme, Per Dusén, Carl Lindman and many others sponsored by the Regnellian fund. The herbarium also houses substantial collections of August Glaziou, a great contributor to the knowledge of the flora of state of Goiás, and Adolf Ducke, pioneer in the taxonomy of Amazonian tree species. The cooperation between Brazil and Sweden is currently being renewed through Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden and the Reflora Program, allowing repatriation of Brazilian specimens housed in Stockholm.

scholarly journals Age-friendly city: future perspectives for the Brazilian cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Patricia de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Simone Rezende da Silva ◽  
Tathianni Cristini da Silva ◽  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Angelina Zanesco
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT The world population is aging fast and not all cities are prepared to cope with the needs of the elderly people. Cities need to develop strategies for senior citizens including the aspects of health, nutrition, consumer protection, housing, transportation, environment, social welfare, income, employment, safety, and education. The World Health Organization (WHO) created a program dedicated to older adults called the age-friendly city. This program is about creating the environment and opportunities that enable older people to be and do what they value throughout their lives. Most of the elderly population lives in urban spaces, and aging represents a challenge as well as opportunities to the cities all over the world. Recently, only 16 Brazilian cities have received the seal of international certification by meeting the requirements stipulated by the WHO. In the State of Sao Paulo, only two cities have been qualified for this seal. Therefore, the aims of this article are (a) to provide a brief history of this important initiative taken by the WHO and (b) to urge the decision-makers of Brazilian municipalities to develop effective initiatives for their cities to be prepared for this demographic modification.

scholarly journals AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF UBHYAGA AMLAPITTA: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Tahir Hussain ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given

Amlapitta is a diseases caused due to increase in the amla guna of pitta dosha. Amlapitta is divided on the basis of gati i.e. Urdhwaga Amlapitta and Adhoga Amlapitta. Adhoga amlapitta shows symptoms like trisha, daha, murcha, bharma, moha, mandagni etc. and Urdhwaga Amlapitta shows symptoms like tikta-amlaudgara, kanthhridyakukshidaha, tikta-amalchardi etc. Due to resemblance of sign and symptom it is correlated with Gastritis. Gastritis is diseases that have symptoms like epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, heart burn etc. Gastritis occurs due to inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Prevalence of Gastritis all over the world population is 50% and it increases with age. It affects about 8-20% of population in India. A 22 years old female patient from Sirsa, Haryana was having complain of burning sensation in stomach and oesophagus after intake of food, sour belching, dry and burnt tongue since four months. She was also having history of loss of consciousness 2 month back. Her aggravating factor is mainly intake of lunch meal wherever relieving factors consist of milk and amalaki juice consumption. On the basis of all sign and symptoms she was diagnosed with Ubhyaga Amlapitta. In this case the treatment planned was Sadhyo Vamana followed by classical Virechana. In this case the given treatment pacifies mainly pitta dosha along with kapha and vata dosha due to their Amlapitta is a diseases caused due to increase in the amla guna of pitta dosha. Amlapitta is divided on the basis of gati i.e. Urdhwaga Amlapitta and Adhoga Amlapitta. Adhoga amlapitta shows symptoms like trisha, daha, murcha, bharma, moha, mandagni etc. and Urdhwaga Amlapitta shows symptoms like tikta-amlaudgara, kanthhridyakukshidaha, tikta-amalchardi etc. Due to resemblance of sign and symptom it is correlated with Gastritis. Gastritis is diseases that have symptoms like epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, heart burn etc. Gastritis occurs due to inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Prevalence of Gastritis all over the world population is 50% and it increases with age. It affects about 8-20% of population in India. A 22 years old female patient from Sirsa, Haryana was having complain of burning sensation in stomach and oesophagus after intake of food, sour belching, dry and burnt tongue since four months. She was also having history of loss of consciousness 2 month back. Her aggravating factor is mainly intake of lunch meal wherever relieving factors consist of milk and amalaki juice consumption. On the basis of all sign and symptoms she was diagnosed with Ubhyaga Amlapitta. In this case the treatment planned was Sadhyo Vamana followed by classical Virechana. In this case the given treatment pacifies mainly pitta dosha along with kapha and vata dosha due to their guna and karma.

scholarly journals Insights on the history of tuberculosis: Novalis and the romantic idealization

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Maria Do Sameiro Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
White Plague ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
And Control

Tuberculosis affected the world population since ancient times, being known to Hippocratic physicians. It was not completely understood and it was difficult to manage. From the eighteenth century onwards, it became highly devastating with a high sociological impact until Robert Koch (1843–1910) identified the pathogenic agent of tuberculosis, in 1882. His discovery enabled a progressive identification and control of infectious diseases. Novalis, born Georg Philipp Friedrich von Hardenberg (1772–1801), an early German Romantic poet, struck by the suffering and death of his fiancée, Sophie von Kühn (1782–1797), who died of a liver abscess as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis, is a major founder of the romantic idealizing of the disease which lasted until the control of the endemic. Current medicine tends to identify the condition which struck Novalis as cystic fibrosis. However, his name will always be associated with the white plague, the feared and ethereal disease that killed and inspired young artists and talented poets.

Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Inclusion: a Literature Review in the Research Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
A. V. Zelenin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Models ◽  
Critical Interpretation

The history of the appearance and development of the concepts of dyslexia, dysgraphia and inclusion is considered in the article. The research methods are the method of critical interpretation, the method of conceptualization, the observational method. The terms of dyslexia and dysgraphia attracted the doctor’s attention in the Late 19th – Early 20th Century. An explanation of their causes focused on medical aspects (ophthalmological factors, brain asymmetry, etc.). Linguistic and social argumentations of these deviations have appeared in the 1970s. The number of students with difficulties in reading and writing in the world is quite large and amounts to at least 10% of the total world population. In the 1980–1990s, the question arose of the stages of the such student’s integration in the general educational process. The three pedagogical models were used in were used in education throughout the 20th century: segregation, integration and inclusion. Although the inclusion assumes the equal participation of all children, without exception, in the educational process, nevertheless there is no consensus on the widespread of this model in education among the students’ parents and pedagogical community.

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