scholarly journals Çevre Korunmasında Atığın Atıkla Giderilmesi Prensibi / Principle Of Removal With Waste Of Waste In Environmental Protection

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Utkan Özdemir ◽  
Gonca Al
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal

Çevresel problemler göz önüne alındığında, katı atıkların bertarafı birçok dünya ülkesinin temel problemlerinden birisidir. Bu doğrultuda farklı kaynaklarda oluşan ve büyük ölçüde çeşitlilik gösteren katı atıkların bir kısmının tekrar kullanımı hedeflenmektedir. Böylece ekonomik fayda sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Katı atıkların yarattığı çevre kirliliğine, su kaynaklarında meydana gelen ekolojik problemlerin de eklenmesi insanlık için daha büyük risklerin habercisidir. Dolayısıyla katı atıkların bertarafında önemli yeri olan tekrar kullanımın, sadece ekonomik faydası değil, atığın atıkla giderim esasına katkısı da tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Tüketim hızının giderek arttığı dünyada, özellikle tarımsal kökenli atıkların, su arıtımında adsorbent olarak kullanılmasıyla yüksek arıtma verimleri sağlandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durumu takip eden çeşitli araştırmalar, muz kabuğu, ayçiçeği sapı, pirinç kabuğu, portakal kabuğu gibi tarımsal kökenli atıkların yanı sıra kül ve arıtma çamuru gibi atıkların da organik ve inorganik bir takım kirleticilerin su ortamından arıtılmasında önemli rol oynadıklarını göstermiştir. Böylece adsorbent maliyeti nedeniyle çoğu zaman işletmeler tarafından uygun görülmeyen ve pilot ölçekli çalışma olarak kalan adsorpsiyon prosesinin kullanılabilirliğinin arttırılması şansı doğmuştur. Adsorpsiyon proseslerinin yaygınlaştırılması ile atıksu arıtımında elde edilebilecek yüksek verimlerin yanı sıra bu proseslerde adsorbent olarak kullanılan atıkların bertarafı da sağlanmış olacaktır. Aynı zamanda bu durum atıkların başka proseslerde de benzer şekilde değerlendirilmelerinin önünü açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özellikle endüstriyel bazda kullanımlarında ekonomik ve çevresel faydalar sağlayacak atık kökenli adsorbentlerin türleri ve kapasiteleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Principle Of Removal With Waste Of Waste In Environmental Protection Solid wastes disposal is one of the fundamental environmental problems of many world countries. By this way reusing of some parts of solid wastes which composed in different sources and shown large scale variety have been aimed. So these ways have been aimed to provide economic benefits. Ecological problems of water resources have been added to solid wastes impurity and these facts have shown bigger risks for humanity. So reusing which is more important of solid waste disposal makes a contribution to waste removal with waste except economical benefits. Especially researchers have been observed to agricultural adsorbents efficiency on the adsorption of water treatment. Some of different research shown that inorganic wastes like ash and sewage sludge as important as agricultural wastes like banana peel, sunflower stem, rice husk, orange peel on wastewater treatment. In this way adsorption’s availability is getting higher for process. High treatment efficiency on wastewater treatment and waste disposal will actualize by adsorption. And these will be example for the other process. In this study, economical and environmental benefits of waste material adsorbents’ species and capacities were evaluated for especially industrial process.

Manufacturer’s Entry in the Product-Sharing Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Tian ◽  
Baojun Jiang ◽  
Yifan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Impact

Problem definition: Mobile communications technologies and online platforms have enabled large-scale consumer-to-consumer (C2C) sharing of their underutilized products. This paper studies a manufacturer’s optimal entry strategy in the product-sharing market and the economic implications of its entry. Academic/practical relevance: Sharing of products or services among consumers has experienced dramatic growth in recent years. The impact of C2C sharing on traditional firms can be very significant. In response to C2C product sharing, many manufacturers (e.g., General Motors and BMW) have entered the product-sharing market to provide business-to-consumer (B2C) rental services in addition to outright sales to consumers. Methodology: We employ a game-theoretic analytical model for our analysis. Results: Our analysis shows that when C2C sharing has a low transaction cost and the manufacturer’s marginal cost of production is not very high, the manufacturer will find it not optimal to offer its own rental services to consumers. In contrast, when the C2C sharing transaction cost is high or the manufacturer’s marginal cost of production is high, the manufacturer should offer enough units of the products for rental to squeeze out C2C sharing (in expectation). When the C2C-sharing transaction cost and the manufacturer’s marginal cost are both in the middle ranges, the manufacturer’s rental services and the C2C sharing will coexist, in which case the manufacturer’s entry in the sharing market may reduce the total number of units of the product in the whole market, but increase the consumer surplus and the social welfare. This reduced number of products due to the manufacturer’s B2C rental service also suggests less environmental impact from production. Managerial implications: The production cost and the C2C sharing transaction cost play critical roles in determining the manufacturer’s optimal quantity to use for its B2C rental services and the equilibrium outcome. In some situations, the manufacturer’s entry in the sharing market provides not only economic benefits to the firm and consumers, but also environmental benefits to the society as a whole.

SOLID WASTES PROBLEMS AND PROGRAMS: A CHALLENGE TO THE PROFESSIONAL SANITARIAN1

1969 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Donald A. Townley
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Health Problem

This paper is expected to encourage the professional sanitarian to seriously consider problems related to solid waste disposal. It is divided into four specific parts: (a) solid waste disposal, a universal environmental health problem; (b) public awareness;(c) the Solid Waste Disposal Act; and (d) solid waste disposal–a challenge. The term “solid waste disposal” includes storage at the point of production, collection, and transportation to the point of ultimate disposal. Solid waste disposal is an important facet of most all environmental sanitation programs. Today the professional sanitarian knows that many diseases are spread by improper solid waste disposal. In addition, improper solid waste disposal adversely affects many aspects of the environment. Until quite recently, public interest in solid waste disposal was minimal. This interest currently is high and the public expects appropriate action on the part of someone. The Solid Waste Disposal Act is indicative of public interest and provides several areas for improving solid waste disposal practices of the nation. Solid waste disposal presents a challenge to the professional sanitarian, and provides him with a real opportunity to fill the void in today's solid waste disposal management.

INNOVATIVE SOFT SOIL IMPROVEMENT BY VACUUM DE-WATERING AND DYNAMIC COMPACTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuncer B. Edil
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Dynamic Compaction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Improvement Method

Recently, an innovative soft soil improvement method was advanced in China by integrating and modifying vacuum consolidation and dynamic compaction ground improvement techniques in an intelligent and controlled manner. This innovative soft soil improvement method is referred to as “High Vacuum Densification Method (HVDM)” to reflect its combined use of vacuum de-watering and dynamic compaction techniques in cycles. Over the past ten years, this innovative soft soil improvement technique has been successfully used in China and Asia for numerous large-scale soft soil improvement projects, from which enormous time and cost savings have been achieved. In this presentation, the working principles of the HVDM will be described. A discussion of the range of fine-grained, cohesive soil properties that would make them ideal for applying HVDM as an efficient ground improvement method will be discussed. The economic benefits and environmental benefits of HVDM are elucidated.

Environmental Auditing in Agriculture: Pipe-dream or Practical Tool?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Edwards-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Environmental Auditing ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Agricultural Support ◽  
Pipe Dream ◽  
Over Time

Many non-agricultural businesses have environmental policies and seek to measure their impact on the environment through environmental auditing. In essence this requires that certain attributes of the company's interaction with the environment are quantified and monitored over time. In addition to enhancing environmental protection, financial advantages may also accrue from this process, and in theory the concept should be transferable to the agricultural situation. In practice, agricultural environmental auditing currently plays a role in ensuring compliance with certain production standards associated with ‘quality’ marketing schemes. Such schemes are unlikely to deliver environmental benefits on a large scale, but the alternative of a centrally organized auditing scheme which is related to payments from agricultural support budgets is probably too complex to be practicable.

scholarly journals An Application of the Transhipment Model in Planning Regional Solid Waste Disposal Systems

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. T. K. Ching ◽  
P. E. Tonks
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Open Burning

An important component of the current interests in environmental problems concerns solid waste. Not only has public interest in solid waste disposal been substantial, but legislators have restricted ways by which solid wastes may be disposed. New Hampshire's State Legislature, for example, has passed a law requiring municipalities to cease all open burning by 1975.

Regulation, monitoring and management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. J. Frid ◽  
Bryony A. Caswell
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Pollution Regulation ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
The Cost

Pollution is detrimental by definition, but cheap waste disposal provides economic benefits to society. A balance is needed between protection of the environment and the level of acceptable change. Laws and regulations set out those levels and then science must monitor the environment to ensure that levels of change remain in the acceptable boundaries. Designing and implementing monitoring programmes is difficult in the marine environment as data collection is expensive and the systems are naturally highly variable, making data ‘noisy’. One of the most widely accepted axioms in international environmental protection is the polluter-pays principle. This extends to the cost of clean-up from accidental releases but also the cost of regular treatment and monitoring of the effects of routine, operational, discharges. However, as there will always remain an economic incentive to cut costs by cutting treatment, pollution regulation measures require the back-up of effective enforcement.

scholarly journals Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Gurreri ◽  
Alessandro Tamburini ◽  
Andrea Cipollina ◽  
Giorgio Micale
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Recent Developments

This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a membrane process of separation under the action of an electric field, where ions are selectively transported across ion-exchange membranes. ED of both conventional or unconventional fashion has been tested to treat several waste or spent aqueous solutions, including effluents from various industrial processes, municipal wastewater or salt water treatment plants, and animal farms. Properties such as selectivity, high separation efficiency, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for desalination and other treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED technologies can be used in operations of concentration, dilution, desalination, regeneration, and valorisation to reclaim wastewater and recover water and/or other products, e.g., heavy metal ions, salts, acids/bases, nutrients, and organics, or electrical energy. Intense research activity has been directed towards developing enhanced or novel systems, showing that zero or minimal liquid discharge approaches can be techno-economically affordable and competitive. Despite few real plants having been installed, recent developments are opening new routes for the large-scale use of ED techniques in a plethora of treatment processes for wastewater.

scholarly journals Developing sustainable and profitable solutions for peatland restoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
P J van der Meer ◽  
H Tata ◽  
D Rachmanadi ◽  
Y F Arifin ◽  
A Suwarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Haze Pollution

Abstract Over the past decades, a large area of peat swamp forests in Indonesia has been cleared of the original forest cover and developed as agricultural lands. Several important issues are associated with the clearing and drainage of peat forest areas, including loss of biodiversity, increased emission of Green House Gases (GHGs), and smoke/haze pollution. Moreover, the development of large-scale oil palm plantations did not always improve local livelihoods. We describe how the restoration of degraded peat areas through paludiculture and inclusive value chains development could result in sustainable livelihoods and climate-resilient peat areas in Indonesia. We illustrate this by describing business cases of seven valuable native peat swamp forest species which could provide income for local forest communities. An analysis of the sago value chain shows that sago cultivation has a positive contribution in providing economic benefits to all actors, including local farmers, although improvements could be made for better value sharing. Paludiculture has important environmental benefits in comparison to existing drainage-based peat cultivation systems. The combination of environmental and economic benefits is an important incentive to develop the paludiculture system further to improve current peat management systems and assist further peat restoration in Indonesia. The development and implementation of paludiculture systems, particularly species selection, should have more community participation to ensure the sustainable restoration of degraded peat areas.

scholarly journals Incentive Mechanism for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal PPP Projects in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7686
Author(s):  
Xueguo Xu ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Meizeng Gui
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Incentive Mechanism ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Ecological Benefits

In municipal solid waste disposal public–private-partnership (PPP) projects, economic benefits, as well as social and ecological benefits, are critical in sustaining sustainability development. However, private investors may make more efforts for economic benefits than for social and ecological benefits out of self-interest. Because the government does not have the same information that the investors have, information asymmetry leads to opportunistic behavior. To solve these problems, principal–agent models were established to analyze the incentive mechanism for encouraging investors to adopt a positive attitude toward both economic benefits and social and ecological benefits, inhibiting investors’ opportunistic behavior. In particular, numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the relationships between related parameters (c1,c2,ct,a,β,k,λ,p). The results show that the investors with higher comprehensive abilities are more willing to make efforts for social and ecological benefits. An increase in incentive and governance intensity would help to encourage investors to make more efforts for project benefits and to lower the level of opportunistic behavior adopted by investors. The complexity of the task and the fuzziness of the perception of effort input results aggravate the uncertainty and risk of the projects due to information asymmetry. Therefore, real-time and positive incentives are important. In order to ensure the social and ecological benefits of a project, performance standards should be set according to the actual situation; investors prefer fixed compensation with lower risk, but fixed compensation does not have incentive effect, and the proportion should not be too high.

Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Arppukara Grama Panchayat Of Kottayam District, Kerala (India)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
K.S. Ashalakshmi ◽  
P. Arunachalam
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Combustion Properties

In recent years, the flow of solid wastes in all over the world has been increasing. There is no question, that, this trend poses ever-increasing problems for society. Already, many cities are having trouble in disposing of mounting heaps of trash. Neighboring areas are reluctant to serve as the cities dumps and locations, that are suitable for land fill operations are getting scarce. Other methods of waste disposal are now recognized to create problems of their own. Burning garbage pollutes the air, while treatment of liquid wastes leaves sludge, which must be disposed of. Moreover, dumping wastes into the ocean and other water bodies is not costless to society; sludge dumped in to the sea can kill or contaminate marine life and pollute nearby waters and beaches. The changing composition of solid wastes also adds to the problem of disposal. For example, plastics, (which are non-degradable and often have harmful combustion properties) make up an increasing percentage of solid wastes. All in all the problem of solid waste disposal can hardly be viewed with equanimity, ie, it surely represents a major environmental problems, that is likely to grow worse`. Economic growth leads to urbanization and urbanization leads to environmental waste pollution. The proper and efficient way of handling the waste materials requires a good deal of total sanitation and public awareness programmes. Public should be aware of the necessity of hygienic disposal of wastes generated. It is really a matter of great concern for the present however, because, waste generation seems increasing, in spite of local and global agendas to curb it, and because it directly impacts resources, environment, health, welfare etc.

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