scholarly journals Developing sustainable and profitable solutions for peatland restoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
P J van der Meer ◽  
H Tata ◽  
D Rachmanadi ◽  
Y F Arifin ◽  
A Suwarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Haze Pollution

Abstract Over the past decades, a large area of peat swamp forests in Indonesia has been cleared of the original forest cover and developed as agricultural lands. Several important issues are associated with the clearing and drainage of peat forest areas, including loss of biodiversity, increased emission of Green House Gases (GHGs), and smoke/haze pollution. Moreover, the development of large-scale oil palm plantations did not always improve local livelihoods. We describe how the restoration of degraded peat areas through paludiculture and inclusive value chains development could result in sustainable livelihoods and climate-resilient peat areas in Indonesia. We illustrate this by describing business cases of seven valuable native peat swamp forest species which could provide income for local forest communities. An analysis of the sago value chain shows that sago cultivation has a positive contribution in providing economic benefits to all actors, including local farmers, although improvements could be made for better value sharing. Paludiculture has important environmental benefits in comparison to existing drainage-based peat cultivation systems. The combination of environmental and economic benefits is an important incentive to develop the paludiculture system further to improve current peat management systems and assist further peat restoration in Indonesia. The development and implementation of paludiculture systems, particularly species selection, should have more community participation to ensure the sustainable restoration of degraded peat areas.

Manufacturer’s Entry in the Product-Sharing Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Tian ◽  
Baojun Jiang ◽  
Yifan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Impact

Problem definition: Mobile communications technologies and online platforms have enabled large-scale consumer-to-consumer (C2C) sharing of their underutilized products. This paper studies a manufacturer’s optimal entry strategy in the product-sharing market and the economic implications of its entry. Academic/practical relevance: Sharing of products or services among consumers has experienced dramatic growth in recent years. The impact of C2C sharing on traditional firms can be very significant. In response to C2C product sharing, many manufacturers (e.g., General Motors and BMW) have entered the product-sharing market to provide business-to-consumer (B2C) rental services in addition to outright sales to consumers. Methodology: We employ a game-theoretic analytical model for our analysis. Results: Our analysis shows that when C2C sharing has a low transaction cost and the manufacturer’s marginal cost of production is not very high, the manufacturer will find it not optimal to offer its own rental services to consumers. In contrast, when the C2C sharing transaction cost is high or the manufacturer’s marginal cost of production is high, the manufacturer should offer enough units of the products for rental to squeeze out C2C sharing (in expectation). When the C2C-sharing transaction cost and the manufacturer’s marginal cost are both in the middle ranges, the manufacturer’s rental services and the C2C sharing will coexist, in which case the manufacturer’s entry in the sharing market may reduce the total number of units of the product in the whole market, but increase the consumer surplus and the social welfare. This reduced number of products due to the manufacturer’s B2C rental service also suggests less environmental impact from production. Managerial implications: The production cost and the C2C sharing transaction cost play critical roles in determining the manufacturer’s optimal quantity to use for its B2C rental services and the equilibrium outcome. In some situations, the manufacturer’s entry in the sharing market provides not only economic benefits to the firm and consumers, but also environmental benefits to the society as a whole.

INNOVATIVE SOFT SOIL IMPROVEMENT BY VACUUM DE-WATERING AND DYNAMIC COMPACTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuncer B. Edil
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Dynamic Compaction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Improvement Method

Recently, an innovative soft soil improvement method was advanced in China by integrating and modifying vacuum consolidation and dynamic compaction ground improvement techniques in an intelligent and controlled manner. This innovative soft soil improvement method is referred to as “High Vacuum Densification Method (HVDM)” to reflect its combined use of vacuum de-watering and dynamic compaction techniques in cycles. Over the past ten years, this innovative soft soil improvement technique has been successfully used in China and Asia for numerous large-scale soft soil improvement projects, from which enormous time and cost savings have been achieved. In this presentation, the working principles of the HVDM will be described. A discussion of the range of fine-grained, cohesive soil properties that would make them ideal for applying HVDM as an efficient ground improvement method will be discussed. The economic benefits and environmental benefits of HVDM are elucidated.

scholarly journals Tangible economic value of non-timber forest products from peat swamp forest in Kampar, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bintang Charles Hamonangan Simangunsong ◽  
Elisa Ganda Togu Manurung ◽  
Elias Elias ◽  
Manuntun Parulian Hutagaol ◽  
Jusupta Tarigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
The Government

Abstract. Simangunsong BCH, Manurung EGT, Elias, Hutagaol MP, Tarigan J, Prabawa SB. 2020. Tangible economic value of non-timber forest products from peat swamp forest in Kampar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5954-5960. Development of alternative economy based on non-timber forest products usage is an important means to prevent forest conversion and preserve the quality of a forest ecosystem. The main objectives of this study were to identify and calculate the economic value from tangible/marketable perspective of the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provided by peat swamp forest in Kampar, Sumatra, Indonesia. This is one of the largest remaining peat swamp forest ecosystems in the country. Seven villages located around that forest ecosystem with total forest cover area of 201,224 ha were chosen as samples. A conversion return approach was used to estimate the economic value of non-timber forest products. The results showed 18 kinds of non-timber forest products were identified, but only seven were used commercially by community. They are jungle rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), sago (Metroxylon sp.), swiftlet nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus), honey, betel nut (Areca catechu L), Agathis resin (Agathis dammara), and pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) The obtained economic value of NTFPs was very low, which was about Rp 9,367.4 (or US$0.68 ha-1 yr-1). Market development of non-timber forest products is then crucial, and the government should play an important role in promoting it in collaboration with private companies. Non-marketed non-timber forest products and various environmental services should also be taken into account to measure that peat swamp forest ecosystem value. Otherwise, concerns about the sustainability of that forest ecosystem in Indonesia due to undervaluation of forest resources will continue.

scholarly journals Ecotourism in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup KC
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Great Role

Ecotourism gives priority to ecological resource integrity, environmental conservation, community development and economic development by maintaining low-impact and non-consumptive use of local resources. There are different forms of ecotourism developed worldwide as community based ecotourism, ecosystem ecotourism, cultural ecotourism, nature based ecosystem, protected area ecotourism and rural ecotourism. It focuses on meeting three concurrent goals of biodiversity conservation, poverty reduction and business viability using sustainable principles and practices. In sustainable ecotourism, local government officials, local communities, NGOs, private sector and management committee had a great role for tourism development and maintaining healthy cooperation and coordination. Ecotourism had more beneficial impacts compared to adverse impacts on the environment, society and culture. It emphasizes the protection of natural resources, biological diversity and sustainability of resource. It increases mobility of people, social stability and harmony; strengthen traditional culture, hospitality and folkway; and decreases political conflicts. Economic benefits from ecotourism include direct employment in hotels, lodges, tourist restaurants, and tourist chauff euring. It is an integral part of the master development strategy of a developing nation. In Nepal, ecotourism helps to enhance forest cover, flora, fauna, greenery, alternative energy sources, natural resource, biodiversity and other environmental benefits. It had helped in controlling antisocial activities, conserving religious and cultural heritage, maintaining peace and prosperity and increase in cooperation of people with religious beliefs and religious tolerance. It had a great role in poverty alleviation, rural development, agricultural transformation, community enrichment and social empowerment of women in Nepal. In the early stage of ecotourism development, it is difficult to have adequate private agencies and local people involved in delivering lodging, fooding, tour management and tourism activities during peak visitation season. There is need of training on nature guiding, cooking, sustainable use of tourism resources, proper handling of tourism demands, expertise in park management and finance management.THE GAZEJOURNAL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITYVol. 8 No.1 Year 2017, page: 1-19

scholarly journals Land use conversion from peat swamp forest to oil palm agriculture greatly modifies microclimate and soil conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subasini Anamulai ◽  
Ruzana Sanusi ◽  
Akbar Zubaid ◽  
Alex M. Lechner ◽  
Adham Ashton-Butt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Ground Cover Vegetation

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) agriculture is rapidly expanding and requires large areas of land in the tropics to meet the global demand for palm oil products. Land cover conversion of peat swamp forest to oil palm (large- and small-scale oil palm production) is likely to have negative impacts on microhabitat conditions. This study assessed the impact of peat swamp forest conversion to oil palm plantation on microclimate conditions and soil characteristics. The measurement of microclimate (air temperature, wind speed, light intensity and relative humidity) and soil characteristics (soil surface temperature, soil pH, soil moisture, and ground cover vegetation temperature) were compared at a peat swamp forest, smallholdings and a large-scale plantation. Results showed that the peat swamp forest was 1.5–2.3 °C cooler with significantly greater relative humidity, lower light intensities and wind speed compared to the smallholdings and large-scale plantations. Soil characteristics were also significantly different between the peat swamp forest and both types of oil palm plantations with lower soil pH, soil and ground cover vegetation surface temperatures and greater soil moisture in the peat swamp forest. These results suggest that peat swamp forests have greater ecosystem benefits compared to oil palm plantations with smallholdings agricultural approach as a promising management practice to improve microhabitat conditions. Our findings also justify the conservation of remaining peat swamp forest as it provides a refuge from harsh microclimatic conditions that characterize large plantations and smallholdings.

scholarly journals Cell-Based Meat and Firms’ Environmental Strategies: New Rationales as per Available Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9418
Author(s):  
Germano Glufke Reis ◽  
Marina Sucha Heidemann ◽  
Katherine Helena Oliveira de Matos ◽  
Carla Forte Maiolino Molento
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Environmental Strategies

Higher demand for meat production and limited inputs, as well as environmental and animal ethics issues, are bringing alternative protein sources to the market, such as cell-based meat (CBM), i.e., meat produced through cell culturing, without involving animal raising and killing. Although the potential social and environmental benefits of the technology have been recently addressed in the blossoming CBM literature, little has been discussed about the possible implications for the environmental strategies of firms that are entering the new cell-based production chain. Thus, drawing on the theoretical framework of competitive environmental strategies and a systematic review of the literature, we discuss prospects for cell-based meat regarding the possible adoption of environmental strategies by firms that are entering the CBM chain. The technology may be considered a potential means for mitigating most of the environmental impacts of large-scale meat production, e.g., extensive land use and greenhouse gas emissions. We discuss how such benefits and consumer attitudes towards cultivated meat could encourage the adoption of environmental strategies by firms, and the roles that value chain firms are likely to play in those strategies in the future.

scholarly journals Assessment of soil carbon stocks in several peatland covers in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
C A Siregar ◽  
B H Narendra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Different Depths

Abstract Changes in the soil carbon (C) stocks of degraded peatlands due to drainage, fire, or conversion of forest cover have not been studied much. This study aims to determine the characteristics of soil C stocks in degraded peatland covers due to logging and fire. The research was carried out on peatlands located in three villages representing peatland cover conditions in the form of primary/pristine peat swamp forest, logged-over forest, and post-fire peatland. Peat samples from each type of peatland cover were analyzed to determine the bulk density (BD) and C concentration. The results showed that peatland on the logged-over forest has the highest BD (0.135 gr cm−3) compared to the other sites. Based on the distribution of peat depth, the lowest BD was mainly found at the surface peat layers and increased significantly with the depth of peat. The C concentration with the mean value of 57.6% showed no significant differences among the three locations and at different depths. Soil C stocks in the upper one-meter depth were 621, 779, and 606 Mg ha−1 in the peat swamp forest, logged-over forest, and post-fire peatland, respectively. The total soil C stocks were ultimately determined by the peat thickness in the area.

scholarly journals Çevre Korunmasında Atığın Atıkla Giderilmesi Prensibi / Principle Of Removal With Waste Of Waste In Environmental Protection

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Utkan Özdemir ◽  
Gonca Al
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal

Çevresel problemler göz önüne alındığında, katı atıkların bertarafı birçok dünya ülkesinin temel problemlerinden birisidir. Bu doğrultuda farklı kaynaklarda oluşan ve büyük ölçüde çeşitlilik gösteren katı atıkların bir kısmının tekrar kullanımı hedeflenmektedir. Böylece ekonomik fayda sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Katı atıkların yarattığı çevre kirliliğine, su kaynaklarında meydana gelen ekolojik problemlerin de eklenmesi insanlık için daha büyük risklerin habercisidir. Dolayısıyla katı atıkların bertarafında önemli yeri olan tekrar kullanımın, sadece ekonomik faydası değil, atığın atıkla giderim esasına katkısı da tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Tüketim hızının giderek arttığı dünyada, özellikle tarımsal kökenli atıkların, su arıtımında adsorbent olarak kullanılmasıyla yüksek arıtma verimleri sağlandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durumu takip eden çeşitli araştırmalar, muz kabuğu, ayçiçeği sapı, pirinç kabuğu, portakal kabuğu gibi tarımsal kökenli atıkların yanı sıra kül ve arıtma çamuru gibi atıkların da organik ve inorganik bir takım kirleticilerin su ortamından arıtılmasında önemli rol oynadıklarını göstermiştir. Böylece adsorbent maliyeti nedeniyle çoğu zaman işletmeler tarafından uygun görülmeyen ve pilot ölçekli çalışma olarak kalan adsorpsiyon prosesinin kullanılabilirliğinin arttırılması şansı doğmuştur. Adsorpsiyon proseslerinin yaygınlaştırılması ile atıksu arıtımında elde edilebilecek yüksek verimlerin yanı sıra bu proseslerde adsorbent olarak kullanılan atıkların bertarafı da sağlanmış olacaktır. Aynı zamanda bu durum atıkların başka proseslerde de benzer şekilde değerlendirilmelerinin önünü açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özellikle endüstriyel bazda kullanımlarında ekonomik ve çevresel faydalar sağlayacak atık kökenli adsorbentlerin türleri ve kapasiteleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Principle Of Removal With Waste Of Waste In Environmental Protection Solid wastes disposal is one of the fundamental environmental problems of many world countries. By this way reusing of some parts of solid wastes which composed in different sources and shown large scale variety have been aimed. So these ways have been aimed to provide economic benefits. Ecological problems of water resources have been added to solid wastes impurity and these facts have shown bigger risks for humanity. So reusing which is more important of solid waste disposal makes a contribution to waste removal with waste except economical benefits. Especially researchers have been observed to agricultural adsorbents efficiency on the adsorption of water treatment. Some of different research shown that inorganic wastes like ash and sewage sludge as important as agricultural wastes like banana peel, sunflower stem, rice husk, orange peel on wastewater treatment. In this way adsorption’s availability is getting higher for process. High treatment efficiency on wastewater treatment and waste disposal will actualize by adsorption. And these will be example for the other process. In this study, economical and environmental benefits of waste material adsorbents’ species and capacities were evaluated for especially industrial process.

scholarly journals Logged peat swamp forest supports greater macrofungal biodiversity than large‐scale oil palm plantations and smallholdings

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 7187-7200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Noor Shuhada ◽  
Sabiha Salim ◽  
Frisco Nobilly ◽  
Akbar Zubaid ◽  
Badrul Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp

EVALUATING PROJECT ROBUSTNESS THROUGH THE LENS OF THE BUSINESS MODEL

2009 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSTIN M. REGINATO
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Value Network ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Creation

The success of large-scale innovative projects is increasingly a function of the marriage of multiple complex technologies and the ability to articulate and capture economic benefits. For corporations, the decision to pursue particular projects often hinges on the creation of, or the ability to appropriate, requisite technologies in a manner that will allow for an adequate return on investment for project shareholders. The business model is a tool that can be used to help determine whether or not a project has the necessary components for successful completion. A business model articulates a business venture's value proposition, market segment, cost and profit structure, value chain, value network, and competitive strategy. While business models are commonly used at the corporate level, they can also be applied to projects in order to convey how the potential of multiple converging technological inputs lead to the creation of sustainable economic value outputs, often in the face of technical and market uncertainty. Empirical observations from the biopharmaceutical and aerospace industries reveal that projects with incomplete business models face considerable complications, while projects with complete business models face less difficulty with respect to execution. As such, companies can use business models as a tool for making project go/no go decisions whereby only projects with complete business models are allowed to progress through the development process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document