Environmental Auditing in Agriculture: Pipe-dream or Practical Tool?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Edwards-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Environmental Auditing ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Agricultural Support ◽  
Pipe Dream ◽  
Over Time

Many non-agricultural businesses have environmental policies and seek to measure their impact on the environment through environmental auditing. In essence this requires that certain attributes of the company's interaction with the environment are quantified and monitored over time. In addition to enhancing environmental protection, financial advantages may also accrue from this process, and in theory the concept should be transferable to the agricultural situation. In practice, agricultural environmental auditing currently plays a role in ensuring compliance with certain production standards associated with ‘quality’ marketing schemes. Such schemes are unlikely to deliver environmental benefits on a large scale, but the alternative of a centrally organized auditing scheme which is related to payments from agricultural support budgets is probably too complex to be practicable.

scholarly journals Çevre Korunmasında Atığın Atıkla Giderilmesi Prensibi / Principle Of Removal With Waste Of Waste In Environmental Protection

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Utkan Özdemir ◽  
Gonca Al
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal

Çevresel problemler göz önüne alındığında, katı atıkların bertarafı birçok dünya ülkesinin temel problemlerinden birisidir. Bu doğrultuda farklı kaynaklarda oluşan ve büyük ölçüde çeşitlilik gösteren katı atıkların bir kısmının tekrar kullanımı hedeflenmektedir. Böylece ekonomik fayda sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Katı atıkların yarattığı çevre kirliliğine, su kaynaklarında meydana gelen ekolojik problemlerin de eklenmesi insanlık için daha büyük risklerin habercisidir. Dolayısıyla katı atıkların bertarafında önemli yeri olan tekrar kullanımın, sadece ekonomik faydası değil, atığın atıkla giderim esasına katkısı da tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Tüketim hızının giderek arttığı dünyada, özellikle tarımsal kökenli atıkların, su arıtımında adsorbent olarak kullanılmasıyla yüksek arıtma verimleri sağlandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durumu takip eden çeşitli araştırmalar, muz kabuğu, ayçiçeği sapı, pirinç kabuğu, portakal kabuğu gibi tarımsal kökenli atıkların yanı sıra kül ve arıtma çamuru gibi atıkların da organik ve inorganik bir takım kirleticilerin su ortamından arıtılmasında önemli rol oynadıklarını göstermiştir. Böylece adsorbent maliyeti nedeniyle çoğu zaman işletmeler tarafından uygun görülmeyen ve pilot ölçekli çalışma olarak kalan adsorpsiyon prosesinin kullanılabilirliğinin arttırılması şansı doğmuştur. Adsorpsiyon proseslerinin yaygınlaştırılması ile atıksu arıtımında elde edilebilecek yüksek verimlerin yanı sıra bu proseslerde adsorbent olarak kullanılan atıkların bertarafı da sağlanmış olacaktır. Aynı zamanda bu durum atıkların başka proseslerde de benzer şekilde değerlendirilmelerinin önünü açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özellikle endüstriyel bazda kullanımlarında ekonomik ve çevresel faydalar sağlayacak atık kökenli adsorbentlerin türleri ve kapasiteleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Principle Of Removal With Waste Of Waste In Environmental Protection Solid wastes disposal is one of the fundamental environmental problems of many world countries. By this way reusing of some parts of solid wastes which composed in different sources and shown large scale variety have been aimed. So these ways have been aimed to provide economic benefits. Ecological problems of water resources have been added to solid wastes impurity and these facts have shown bigger risks for humanity. So reusing which is more important of solid waste disposal makes a contribution to waste removal with waste except economical benefits. Especially researchers have been observed to agricultural adsorbents efficiency on the adsorption of water treatment. Some of different research shown that inorganic wastes like ash and sewage sludge as important as agricultural wastes like banana peel, sunflower stem, rice husk, orange peel on wastewater treatment. In this way adsorption’s availability is getting higher for process. High treatment efficiency on wastewater treatment and waste disposal will actualize by adsorption. And these will be example for the other process. In this study, economical and environmental benefits of waste material adsorbents’ species and capacities were evaluated for especially industrial process.

scholarly journals The Effects of US State-Level Energy and Environmental Policies on Clean Tech Innovation and Employment

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Gittell ◽  
Josh Stillwagon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Employment Benefits ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Change Policy

<p>This paper explores the influence of US state-level policies meant to address climate change on clean technology industry development. The largest influence of climate change policies is identified as being on energy research employment. Only some policies seem to contribute positively to clean tech employment while other policies appear to discourage employment growth. The magnitudes of the short term effects, even when statistically significant, are modest. Negative impacts on employment are identified for several mandate-oriented, so called command and control, policies including vehicle greenhouse gas standards, energy efficiency resource standards, and renewable portfolio standards with the former two having increasing negative effects over time. The findings suggest that climate change policy advocates should be careful to not assume that there will be positive clean tech employment benefits from state-level energy and environmental policies. Instead, the benefits from these policies may derive primarily from other considerations beyond the scope of this paper, including health and environmental benefits and reduction of dependence on foreign energy sources.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Firoza Akhter ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

scholarly journals Strategic deployment of riparian buffers and windbreaks in Europe can co-deliver biomass and environmental benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Englund ◽  
Pål Börjesson ◽  
Blas Mola-Yudego ◽  
Göran Berndes ◽  
Ioannis Dimitriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Eu Policies

AbstractWithin the scope of the new Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, in coherence with other EU policies, new incentives are developed for farmers to deploy practices that are beneficial for climate, water, soil, air, and biodiversity. Such practices include establishment of multifunctional biomass production systems, designed to reduce environmental impacts while providing biomass for food, feed, bioenergy, and other biobased products. Here, we model three scenarios of large-scale deployment for two such systems, riparian buffers and windbreaks, across over 81,000 landscapes in Europe, and quantify the corresponding areas, biomass output, and environmental benefits. The results show that these systems can effectively reduce nitrogen emissions to water and soil loss by wind erosion, while simultaneously providing substantial environmental co-benefits, having limited negative effects on current agricultural production. This kind of beneficial land-use change using strategic perennialization is important for meeting environmental objectives while advancing towards a sustainable bioeconomy.

scholarly journals China’s Investments in Germany and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Xinming Xia ◽  
Wan-Hsin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Know How ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper analyses how China’s investments in Germany have developed over time and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in this regard, based on four different datasets, including our own survey in mid-2020. Our analysis shows that Germany is currently one of the most attractive investment destinations for Chinese investors. Chinese state-owned enterprises have played an important role as investors in Germany — particularly in large-scale projects. The COVID-19 pandemic has had some negative but rather temporary effects on Chinese investments in Germany. Germany is expected to stay attractive to Chinese investors who seek to gain access to advanced technologies and know-how in the future.

Pioneers in International Administration: A Prosopography of the Directors of the League of Nations Secretariat

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Kahlert
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Second World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Second World ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article investigates interwar internationalism from the perspective of the highest personnel of the first large-scale international administration, the League of Nations Secretariat. It applies a prosopographical approach in order to map out the development of the composition of the group of the section directors of the Secretariat over time in terms of its social and cultural characteristics and career trajectories. The analysis of gender, age, nationality, as well as educational and professional backgrounds and careers after their service for the League’s Secretariat gives insight on how this group changed over time and what it tells us about interwar internationalism. I have three key findings to offer in this article: First, the Secretariat was far from being a static organization. On the contrary, the Secretariat’s directors developed in three generations each with distinct characteristics. Second, my analysis demonstrates a clear trend towards professionalization and growing maturity of the administration over time. Third, the careers of the directors show a clear pattern of continuity across the Second World War and beyond. Even though the careers continued in different organizational contexts, the majority of the directors remained closely connected to the world of internationalism of the League, the UN world and its surrounding organizations. On a methodological level, the article offers an example of how prosopographical analysis can be used to study international organizations.

Integrating Environmental Requirements into Vietnamese Sectoral Laws – Roles and Recommendations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mai Thanh Dung ◽  
Nguyen Minh Khoa ◽  
Phan Thi Thu Huong
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Environmental Considerations

The need for sustainable development underscores the role and importance of integrating environmental concerns in non-environmental policies because it is evident that environmental regulations only are insufficient to manage all environmental issues. Law enforcement on environmental protection in Vietnam clearly demonstrates this situation. Vietnam’s legal system of environmental protection is incompatible or overlapped with other sectoral laws and in fact many environmental matters have been implemented in accordance with sectoral laws while disregarding environmental considerations due to the lack of specific and explicit environmental provisions or requirements in sectoral laws and regulations. From that situation, the paper emphasizes the need to integrate environmental protection requirements into the sectoral laws of Vietnam and proposes some fundamental criteria and procedures to integrate environmental requirements into sectoral laws.

High Frequency Vibration Analysis of Automotive Body Panels with Damping Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Yoshio Kurosawa ◽  
Takao Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viscoelastic Damping ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Damping Materials

We have developed a technique for estimating vibrations of an automotive body structures with viscoelastic damping materials using large-scale finite element (FE) model, which will enable us to grasp and to reduce high-frequency road noise（200～500Hz）. In the new technique, first order solutions for modal loss factors are derived applying asymptotic method. This method saves calculation time to estimate modal damping as a practical tool in the design stages of the body structures. Frequency responses were calculated using this technique and the results almost agreed with the test results. This technique can show the effect of the viscoelastic damping materials on the automotive body panels, and it enables the more efficient layout of the viscoelastic damping materials. Further, we clarified damping properties of the automotive body structures under coupled vibration between frames and panels with the viscoelastic damping materials.

A Framework and Case Study for Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment of Incrementally Expanding Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1369-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lallemant ◽  
Henry Burton ◽  
Luis Ceferino ◽  
Zach Bullock ◽  
Anne Kiremidjian
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Risk Assessment Models ◽  
Earthquake Vulnerability ◽  
Valley Area ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Dynamic Structural Analysis ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Over Time

This study proposes a framework for incorporating time-dependent fragility into large-scale risk assessment models, focusing on incremental building expansion as a significant driver of changes in vulnerability. In rapidly urbanizing areas in developing countries, the pay-as-you-go process of informal building construction and staged expansion is the de facto pattern of growth. While there is a common understanding that such expansions increase the earthquake vulnerability of buildings, this study proposes a framework to model and quantify this increase. Vulnerability curves are developed through incremental dynamic structural analysis for common building expansion typologies. Building expansions are modeled as Markov chain processes and used to simulate stochastic expansion sequences over a building's lifetime. The model is then used to simulate a hypothetical neighborhood in the Kathmandu valley area to understand neighborhood-level risk over time. The study provides a new methodology to analyze changing seismic risk over time, driven by any building modification that impacts the building's vulnerability (incremental expansion, deterioration, retrofit, etc.).

scholarly journals Rapid Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern 202012/01 in Southern Italy (December 2020–March 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4766
Author(s):  
Daniela Loconsole ◽  
Francesca Centrone ◽  
Caterina Morcavallo ◽  
Silvia Campanella ◽  
Anna Sallustio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
Over Time

Epidemiological and virological studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) are emerging globally, including in Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spread of B.1.1.7-lineage SARS-CoV-2 in southern Italy from December 2020–March 2021 through the detection of the S gene target failure (SGTF), which could be considered a robust proxy of VOC B.1.1.7. SGTF was assessed on 3075 samples from week 52/2020 to week 10/2021. A subset of positive samples identified in the Apulia region during the study period was subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A descriptive and statistical analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics of cases according to SGTF status was performed. Overall, 20.2% of samples showed SGTF; 155 strains were confirmed as VOC 202012/01 by WGS. The proportion of SGTF-positive samples rapidly increased over time, reaching 69.2% in week 10/2021. SGTF-positive cases were more likely to be symptomatic and to result in hospitalization (p < 0.0001). Despite the implementation of large-scale non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as the closure of schools and local lockdowns, a rapid spread of VOC 202012/01 was observed in southern Italy. Strengthened NPIs and rapid vaccine deployment, first among priority groups and then among the general population, are crucial both to contain the spread of VOC 202012/01 and to flatten the curve of the third wave.

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