scholarly journals Seyyid Mehmet Ağa Vakfiyesinde Bulunan Yapıların 19. Yüzyılda Yaptırılma Süreçleri ve Günümüzdeki Durumları Hakkında Tespitler / An Evaluation of Construction Processes of the Buildings Which Existed in Sayyid Mehmet Aga's Foundations in the 19th Century and Current Situations

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Mustafa Eyyamoğlu ◽  
Nuran Kara Pilehvarian
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Turkish Cypriot ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Over Time

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In this study, reconstruction activities in Cyprus were investigated according to the information given in the El-Hac Es-Sayyid Mehmet Ağa Foundation (1826). El-Hac Es-Seyyid Mehmet Ağa was a former guardian in Ottoman Palace (İstanbul) who was appointed as a tax officer Cyprus in the early 19th century. Seyyid Mehmet Aga, during his stay in Cyprus constructed Mosque, Tekke, Mescit, and schools and he has foundations related to these structures. These foundations are available in the TRNC Vakıflar Administration, TRNC Girne National Archives and Research Department, Republic of Turkey Directorate General of Foundations Achieves. Most of the Islamic buildings registered in the Seyyid Mehmet Ağa foundation are made up of the pre-existing, inadequate and ruined structures re-constructed and brought to the use of the Muslim Turkish Cypriot people. Nicosia Dükkanlarönü Mosque, Fethiye Mosque, Tahtakale Mosque, Lapta Mosque and Famagusta Kutup Osman Efendi Tomb are the architectural venues where the Turkish Cypriot Islamic culture has been performed and it is understood from archival documents that they are supported by various mites and foundations. Within the scope of the study, prior and restructuring processes of these structures were determined and findings were made about the current situation. These structures are the living documents of the Ottoman Period in Cyprus over 300 years, which describe the structuring of the Islam and Ottoman identity in island. These structures are important documents of the Turkish Cypriot Islamic Heritage. Due to political changing over time they lost their incomes and original shapes.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada 19, yüzyıl başlarında Kıbrıs’a muhassıl olarak atanan Dergâh-ı Âli Kapıcı başlarından El-Hac Es- Seyyid Mehmet Ağanın 1826 tarihli Vakfiyelerinde geçen bilgilere bağlı olarak Kıbrıs’taki imar faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Kıbrıs’ta bulunduğu süre zarfında Cami, Tekke, Mescit, Sıbyan Mektebi yaptıran Seyyid Mehmet Ağa’nın bu yapılar ile ilgili vakfiyeleri mevcuttur. Bu vakfiyeler KKTC Vakıflar İdaresinde, KKTC Girne Milli Arşiv ve Araştırma Dairesinde, TC Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü ve TC Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivlerinde bulunmaktadır. Seyyid Mehmet Ağa vakfiyesinde kayıtlı bulunan İslami eserlerin çoğu önceden var olan, yetersiz ve harap durumda olan yapıların yeniden düzenlemelerle genişletilip Müslüman Türk halkının kullanımına kazandırılmış yapılardır. Seyyid Mehmet Ağa’nın yeniden yaptırmış olduğu Lefkoşa Dükkânlar Önü Camii, Fethiye Camii, Tahtakale Camii, Lapta Camii ve Mağusa Kutup Osman Efendi Türbesi Kıbrıs Türk İslam kültürünün icra edildiği mimari mekânlar olup çeşitli akarlar ve vakıflar ile desteklenmiş oldukları arşiv belgelerinden anlaşılmaktadır.</p><p>Çalışma kapsamında söz konusu yapıların önceden ve yeniden yaptırılma süreçleri belirlenerek günümüzdeki durumları hakkında tespitler yapılmıştır. Osmanlı Hâkimiyetinin adada var olduğu 300 yılı aşkın zaman diliminde, gerek devlet eli gerekse adada görev alan memurlar sayesinde Kıbrıs’ta İslam ve Osmanlı kimliğinin yapılandırılarak etkisinin genişletildiğini anlatan ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kıbrıs’ta yaşayan belgeleri niteliğinde olan bu yapılar, Kıbrıs Türk İslam Mirasının vazgeçilmeyen önemli ögeleridir. Zaman içerisinde değişen siyasal yapıya bağlı olarak gelirleri kesilen ve terk edilen bu eserler bakımsızlık nedeni ile orijinal hallerini yitirmişerdir.</p>

Women and Commercial Sex in the Viceroyalty of New Spain

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole von Germeten
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
The 19Th Century

Female occupational and economic choices help clarify understandings of colonial historic agency, especially in the lives of Mexican women who made their income as alcahuetas or “bawds.” These women hosted and managed other women in the marketing and selling of sex acts in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Viceregal bawds manipulated both the sex lives of their clients and the paternalism of crown justice in hopes of exoneration in court. They walked a precarious legal tightrope, negotiating the fluctuating margins of legal procuring and the transition to more stringent laws against sex for sale. The examples presented here, drawn from contemporary archival documents, show that these women’s lives span most of New Spain’s history, ranging from 1570 to the independence era in the early 19th century. In the 16th century, bawdry resembled the clandestine personal mediation that was common and familiar in medieval and early modern Spain. Bawds working in the 1st century of Spanish rule in Mexico carefully defended their social respectability to contradict evidence that they solicited for clients in the street. Reputable hospitality featured prominently in the early 17th-century procuring, while indigenous-influenced sorcery and love magic dominated the understanding of 17th- and early 18th-century alcahuetas. Lastly, in the 19th century, profitable market exchange characterized professional brothel operations, granting bawds honorable status within their economic and occupational community. Bawds recorded in the archives demonstrate communication skills, entrepreneurialism, and a concern for reputation through all of these eras. These intelligent female survivors offer compelling representations of viceregal women who exercised their personal agency to forge their own economic prosperity.

scholarly journals The Prehistory of Schneider’s First-Rank Symptoms: Texts From 1810 to 1932

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S Kendler ◽  
Aaron Mishara
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
General Audience ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
First Rank Symptoms ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Importance First-rank symptoms (FRS), proposed by Kurt Schneider in 1939, subsequently became influential in schizophrenia diagnosis. We know little of their prehistory. How often were FRS described before 1939 and in which countries and time periods? Which FRS was most frequently noted? Observations Forty psychiatric texts from 37 authors, published 1810–1932, were identified that described FRS. In a systematic subsample, half of the textbooks examined contained such descriptions with little differences between countries or over time. Somatic passivity was most commonly noted, followed by thought insertion, thought withdrawal, and made actions. This pattern resembled that reported in recent studies of schizophrenia. A novel term—delusions of unseen agency—was seen in psychiatric texts and then found, from 1842 to 1905, in a range of official reports, and psychiatric, medical, and general audience publications. The Early Heidelberg School (Gruhle, Mayer-Gross, Beringer) first systematically described “self-disturbances” (Ichstörungen), many of which Schneider incorporated into FRS. Conclusions and Relevance From the beginning of Western descriptive psychopathology in the early 19th century, symptoms have been observed later described as first-rank by Schneider. A term “delusion of unseen agency”—closely related to Schneider’s first-rank concept—was popular in the second half of the 19th century and described in publications as prominent as the Encyclopedia Britannica and New England Journal of Medicine. The descriptions of these specific symptoms, with substantial continuity, over more than 2 centuries and many countries, suggest that an understanding of their etiology would teach us something foundational about the psychotic illness.

scholarly journals Variations in American marketing practices of early 19th-century ceramic importers and dealers, reflecting culture and identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-375
Author(s):  
Neil Ewins
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose This paper explores the advertising strategy of crockery importers and dealers in relationship to their origins and backgrounds. This is a departure from earlier ceramic-history literature which tended to focus on the Staffordshire producers, with limited awareness on how the identity of importers and dealers influenced what products were sold, and their individual approaches to marketing. Design/methodology/approach Within a context of historical marketing research, this paper analyses newspaper advertising and commentary. It combines an examination of marketing practices with a wider consideration of the cultural identities of ceramic importers and dealers. The digitalization of historical records, combined with sophisticated search engines, makes it more feasible to examine a broader range of sources. Thus, modern research methods can enhance our understanding of production and demand and reveal how marketing strategy was diverse. Findings Awareness on how advertising was influenced by the backgrounds and socio-political views of importers and dealers demonstrates ways in which Anglo-American ceramic trade could be far more market-led. More significantly, marketing approaches were not necessarily responding to American demand, but rather that importers could engage in commissioning goods which reflected their own views on politics, religion or slavery. Originality/value Examining the advertising of importers demonstrates the complex relationship between production and ceramic demand. This paper opens up debates as to how far the advertising of other merchandise in the USA shows evidence of taking a more individual approach by the 19th century.

Brazilian Colonial Art and the Decolonization of Art History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Berbara
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
Colonial Art ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

There are at least two ways to think about the term “Brazilian colonial art.” It can refer, in general, to the art produced in the region presently known as Brazil between 1500, when navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral claimed the coastal territory for the Lusitanian crown, and the country’s independence in the early 19th century. It can also refer, more specifically, to the artistic manifestations produced in certain Brazilian regions—most notably Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro—over the 18th century and first decades of the 19th century. In other words, while denotatively it corresponds to the art produced in the period during which Brazil was a colony, it can also work as a metonym valid to indicate particular temporal and geographical arcs within this period. The reasons for its widespread metonymical use are related, on the one hand, to the survival of a relatively large number of art objects and buildings produced in these arcs, but also to a judicative value: at least since the 1920s, artists, historians, and cultivated Brazilians have tended to regard Brazilian colonial art—in its more specific meaning—as the greatest cultural product of those centuries. In this sense, Brazilian colonial art is often identified with the Baroque—to the extent that the terms “Brazilian Baroque,” “Brazilian colonial art,” and even “barroco mineiro” (i.e., Baroque produced in the province of Minas Gerais) may be used interchangeably by some scholars and, even more so, the general public. The study of Brazilian colonial art is currently intermingled with the question of what should be understood as Brazil in the early modern period. Just like some 20th- and 21st-century scholars have been questioning, for example, the term “Italian Renaissance”—given the fact that Italy, as a political entity, did not exist until the 19th century—so have researchers problematized the concept of a unified term to designate the whole artistic production of the territory that would later become the Federative Republic of Brazil between the 16th and 19th centuries. This territory, moreover, encompassed a myriad of very different societies and languages originating from at least three different continents. Should the production, for example, of Tupi or Yoruba artworks be considered colonial? Or should they, instead, be understood as belonging to a distinctive path and independent art historical process? Is it viable to propose a transcultural academic approach without, at the same time, flattening the specificities and richness of the various societies that inhabited the territory? Recent scholarly work has been bringing together traditional historiographical references in Brazilian colonial art and perspectives from so-called “global art history.” These efforts have not only internationalized the field, but also made it multidisciplinary by combining researches in anthropology, ethnography, archaeology, history, and art history.

scholarly journals Creation and Development of State Food Security System in Yakutia in 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
N. I. Burnasheva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Spread Of Agriculture ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Based on the documents of the National Archives of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), published reviews and reports of the regional administration, the creation of state and public grain and food reserves in the 19th century Yakutsk region that were necessary for the population to protect them from starvation and mortality in cattle during adverse years is considered. The main attention is paid to the influence of the bread storage system on the distribution of agriculture, the development of traditional crafts and occupations of foreigners, the development of loan and entrepreneurship. It is noted that, with the efforts and purposeful work of the regional government in Yakutia in the 19th century, along with state-owned shops, a network of rural public bakery stores was created that could adequately provide the population of the region with food, hay and other reserves. It is shown that the organization of a food safety system in the Yakutsk region was based on the principles of a careful attitude of the state to the needs of its subjects, which significantly increased the importance of government events, strengthened the authority and trust of the population in the activities of government. It is concluded that the process of organizing the bread storage system and food funds created favorable conditions for the spread of agriculture in the region, supported traditional crafts and occupations of the population, and opened up opportunities for the development of entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Nesonim Dugi otok

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Vlado Skračić
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century

Dugi otok is the only large inhabited Adriatic island both with a name composed of two words, with a Croatian name and with a noun island (Croat. otok) in it. Almost all of the linguists and historians agree that the island was first mentioned by Constantine the Porphyrogenitus (10th cent.) as Pizych, which can nowadays be recognised in place names Čuh and Čuh Polje on Dugi otok near Proversa. By the disappearance of that settlement the name was forgotten, but none of the names of newly founded settlements did not became the nesonym, as frequently occurred elsewhere in Croatian nesonymy. In the archival documents and historical maps the island is usually identified by the Romance compound word: geographical term insula/isola + determinant Magna, Maiori, Grossa, Grande, Longa. The island was named Dugi only in the latter half of the 19th century. Neither the nesonym Dugi otok, the ethnic Dugootočanin nor the ktetic dugootočki are used outside the official usage.

scholarly journals The Stone of Prokopius Ustyuzhsky at the beginning of the 19th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Sirenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper deals with the problem of study of the Stone of Procopius Ustyuzhsky. According to a medieval legend, these stones are meteorites. Russian historian of the early 19th century К. Kalajdovich studied one of these stones. He proved that the stone is limestone.

scholarly journals Romantyczne wędrówki Polaków po Szwajcarii Saskiej

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 149-175
Author(s):  
Ewa Grzęda
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Spatial Imagination ◽  
Aesthetic Sensibility ◽  
The 19Th Century

Romantic wanderings of Poles across Saxon SwitzerlandThe history of Polish tourism in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains as well as the literary and artistic reception of the landscape and culture of Saxon Switzerland have never been discussed in detail. The present article is a research reconnaissance. The beginnings and development of tourism in the region came in the late 18th and early 19th century. The 1800s were marked by the emergence of the first German-language descriptions of Saxon Switzerland, which served as guidebooks at the time. From the very beginning Poles, too, participated in the tourist movement in the area. The author of the article seeks to follow the increasing interest in Saxon Switzerland and the appearance of the first descriptions of the region in Polish literature and culture. She provides a detailed analysis of Polish-language accounts of micro-trips to the Elbe Sandstone Mountains by Andrzej Edward Koźmian, Stanisław Deszert, Antoni Edward Odyniec, Klementyna Hoffman née Tańska and a poem by Maciej Bogusz Stęczyński. As the analysis demonstrates, in the first half of the 19th century Poles liked to visit these relatively low mountains in Central Europe and tourism in the region is clearly part of the history of Polish mountain tourism. Thanks to unique aesthetic and natural values of the mountains, full of varied rocky formations, reception of their landscape had an impact of the development of the aesthetic sensibility of Polish Romantics. Direct contact with nature and the landscape of Saxon Switzerland also served an important role in the shaping of spatial imagination of Polish tourists, encouraging them to explore other mountains in Europe and the world, including the Alps. On the other hand thanks to the development of tourist infrastructure in Saxon Switzerland, facilitating trips in the region and making the most attractive spots available to inexperienced tourists, micro-trips to the Elbe Sandstone Mountains marked an important stage in the development of mountain tourism on a popular-recreational level. Polish-language accounts of trips to Saxon Switzerland from the first half of the 20th century are a noteworthy manifestation of the beginnings of Polish travel literature.

Pedagogical Objective and the Role of Social Institutions of Novonikolaevsk in the Child-rearing in the Early 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Makhabat Toleubaevna Zhumadilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction. Considering the current situation of reforming child welfare institutions, historical and pedagogical view of their formation and development is essential. As a result, socio-historic research mission of pattern, objective, and the content of the work of child welfare institutions has been updated. The purpose of the study is to learn what pedagogical objectives were set for social institutions in the first quarter of the 19th century when they are just beginning to be created; to determine the conditions for using the historical experience of social institutions at an early stage. Methodology and research methods. As theoretical bases for the study of historical and pedagogical analysis, dedicated to educational practice and social protection of children, pre-revolutionary research (V. O. Klyuchevsky, V. I. Guerrier, A. I. Herzen, etc.) as well as late ones (L. V. Badya, M. V. Poddubny, M. V. Firsov, T. S. Dorokhova, Z. I. Lavrentieva) were used. The research method is the analysis of archival materials based on public organizations, reports, memos, and resolutions. In conclusion the author infers about the use of advanced pedagogical experience in the work of child welfare institutions in the first quarter of the 19th century which can be used in our days.

scholarly journals Supraglacial debris-transport variability over time: examples from Switzerland and Iceland

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B. Whalley ◽  
C.F. Palmer ◽  
S.J. Hamilton ◽  
D. Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Debris Transport ◽  
Actual Volume ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

The volume of debris in the left-lateral, Little Ice Age (LIA:AD1550–1850) moraine of the Feegletscher, Valais, Switzerland was compared with the actual volume being transported currently by the glacier. The latter is smaller by a factor of about two. In Tröllaskagi, north Iceland, a surface cover of debris on top of a very slow moving glacier ice mass (glacier noir, rock glacier) has been dated by lichenometry. The age of the oldest part is commensurate with LIA moraines in the area. Knowing the volume of debris of a given age allows an estimate of the debris supply to the glacier in a given time. Again, there appears to have been a significant reduction in debris to the glacier since the turn of the 19th century. Debris input in the early LIA seems to have been particularly copious and this may be important in the formation of some glacier depositional forms such as rock glaciers.

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