Validity and reliability of Veloflex to measure active cervical range of motion in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects

Background Neck pain has a high annual incidence and decreases the cervical active range of motion (ROM). Clinicians use various methods to evaluate cervical range of motion (CROM) that some of them have also been proposed to give instant feedback. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of Veloflex (VF) to measure the CROM by comparison with the cervical range of motion (CROM) device, and to examine their test-retest reliability. Methods Thirty-eight healthy and 20 symptomatic participants were evaluated. Cervical flexion-extension, side bending, and rotations were tested in two sessions, first by the CROM and VF and in the second only with the VF. To evaluate the concurrent validity and agreement between CROM and VF, Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and Bland–Altmann plots were used. Reliability were evaluated using intra-class correlation (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Results CROM and VF showed excellent correlation for all movements (r > 0.960). Both devices provided small mean ‘bias’ (≤1.29%) in all movements regarding CROM measures. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the VF was excellent (ICC > 0.98). SEMs ranging from 0.72% to 2.38% and the MDC ranging from 1.22° to 2.60° in all participants. The results support the validity and reliability of VF to measure CROM. For its use, with a basic training is enough to get reliable measurements.

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Validity and Reliability of a New Optoelectronic System for Measuring Active Range of Motion of Upper Limb Joints in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Subjects

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8111851 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1851

Author(s):

Rodrigo Martín-San Agustín ◽

Jose A. García-Vidal ◽

German Cánovas-Ambit ◽

Aurelio Arenas-Della Vecchia ◽

Manuel López-Nicolás ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Optoelectronic System ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Intra Class Correlation ◽

Active Range Of Motion ◽

Upper Limb Movements ◽

Standard Error Of Measurement

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Veloflex infrared dynamic angle-meter (Veloflex-IDA) and the intra- and inter-rater reliability when measuring the ranges of motion (ROMs) of the upper limb joints. Thirty-five healthy and 20 symptomatic participants were evaluated. Twelve upper limb movements were measured in two sessions with the Veloflex-IDA, which is a device composed of a camera that tracks the trajectory of retro-reflective markers. In addition, a goniometer was used in the first session to evaluate concurrent validity. Validity and agreement were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and Bland–Altmann plots. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were evaluated using intra-class correlation (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). Both instruments showed excellent correlation for all movements (r range from 0.992 to 0.999). The intra- and inter-rater reliability were excellent (ICC range from 0.95 to 0.99 and 0.90 to 0.98, respectively). Intra-rater reliability showed SEMs <1.38% and <5.19% and inter-rater reliability SEMs <2.26% and <5.22% for asymptomatic and symptomatic, respectively. Veloflex-IDA is a valid and reliable alternative to measure the upper limb joints’ ROM and it can be used in clinical practice and research after basic training.

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Validity and Intrarater Reliability Using a Smartphone Clinometer Application to Measure Active Cervical Range of Motion Including Rotation Measurements in Supine

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2019-0422 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Christanie Monreal ◽

Lindsay Luinstra ◽

Lindsay Larkins ◽

James May

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Detectable Change ◽

Intrarater Reliability ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Clinical Measurement ◽

Cervical Range Of Motion ◽

Flexion Extension

Context: Technological advances have given smartphones the capabilities of sensitive clinical measurement equipment at lesser cost and higher availability. The Clinometer is a smartphone application that can be used to measure the joint range of motion in a clinical setting, but psychometric properties of the tool’s use measuring cervical range of motion (CROM) are not established. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and intrarater reliability of the Clinometer application for the measurement of CROM (ie, flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion) and to determine the minimal detectable change and SEM. Design: A blinded, repeated-measures correlational design was employed. Setting: The study was conducted collaboratively between 2 athletic training clinics. Participants: A convenience sample of healthy adults ages 18–30 years were recruited. Participants with any history in the last 3 months of cervical or thoracic pathology, pain, or any musculoskeletal injury were excluded. Main Outcome Measures: Three repetitions of each motion were measured by a primary researcher with a goniometer. The same researcher then conducted 3 blinded measurements with the Clinometer application following the same procedure. A second researcher, blinded to the goniometer measurements, recorded the results. Thirty minutes later, testing was repeated with the application. The Pearson correlation was calculated to determine validity of the application compared with goniometry. Results: The measurements between devices had moderate to excellent concurrent validity, with the coefficients ranging between 0.544 and 0.888, P < .01. Test–retest reliability of the CROM measurement using the application was moderate to excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging between .774 and .928. Across all movements, the SEM ranged from 1.17° to 2.01°, and the minimal detectable change ranged from 1.18° to 2.02°. Conclusion: The Clinometer application is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring active CROM. Level of evidence: clinical measurement, level 1b.

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Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Yoruba version of Oswestry disability index

10.1101/723437 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada ◽

Oluwabunmi Esther Oguntoyinbo ◽

Francis Oluwafunso Fasuyi ◽

Opeyemi Ayodiipo Idowu ◽

Adesola Christiana Odole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Back Pain ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Low Back ◽

Detectable Change ◽

Intra Class Correlation ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Standard Error Of Measurement ◽

Error Of Measurement

AbstractIntroductionLow Back Pain is a common public health problem worsened by maladaptive beliefs and incongruent back pain behaviour. It is imperative to develop outcome measures to assess these beliefs among patients with chronic LBP. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and determine the psychometric properties of the Yoruba version of the ODI (ODI-Y).MethodsThe ODI-Y was cross-culturally adapted following the process involving forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, expert review, and pilot testing. One hundred and thirty-six patients with chronic LBP took part in the validation of the ODI-Y; 86 of these individuals took part in the test-retest reliability (within 1-week interval) of the translated instrument. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the ODI-Y were determined using the Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation. Other psychometric properties explored included the factor structure and fit, convergent validity, standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 50.5±10.6years. The ODI-Y showed a high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.81. Test-retest of the Yoruba version of the ODI within 1-week interval yielded an Intra-Class Correlation coefficient of 0.89. The ODI-Y yielded a two-factor structure which accounted for 51.7% of the variance but showed poor fit. Convergent of ODI-Y with the visual analogue scale was moderate (r=0.30; p=0.00). The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of the ODI-Y were 2.0 and 5.5.ConclusionsThe ODI was adapted into the Yoruba language and proved to have a good factor structure and psychometric properties that replicated the results of other obtainable versions. We recommend it for use among Yoruba speaking patients with low-back pain.

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Reliability of an Integrated Inertial Sensor for the Continuous Measurement of Active Cervical Range of Motion in a Group of Younger and Elderly Individuals

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk5030058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Stefano Gobbo ◽

Barbara Vendramin ◽

Enrico Roma ◽

Federica Duregon ◽

Danilo Sales Bocalini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Inertial Sensor ◽

Zero Point ◽

Lateral Bending ◽

Cervical Range Of Motion ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Motion Assessment ◽

Good Agreement

The aim of this study was to evaluate the test–retest reliability of an integrated inertial sensor (IIS) for cervical range of motion assessment. An integrated inertial sensor was placed on the forehead center of thirty older adults (OA) and thirty younger adults (YA). Participants had to perform three continuous rotations, lateral bandings and flexion–extensions with their head. Test–retest reliability was assessed after 7 days. YA showed moderate to good agreement for rotation (0.54–0.82), lateral bending (0.74–0.8), and flexion–extension (0.74–0.81) movements and poor agreement for zero point (ZP). OA showed moderate to good agreement for rotation (0.65–0.86), good to excellent agreement in lateral bending (0.79–0.92), and poor to moderate agreement for flexion–extension (0.37–0.72). Zero point showed poor to moderate agreement. In conclusion, we can affirm that this IIS is a reliable device for cervical range of motion assessment in young and older adults; on the contrary, the ZP seems to be unreliable and the addition of an external reference point could help the subject to solve this shortcoming and reduce possible biases.

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Validity and reliability of an android phone application to measure cervical range-of-motion

Physiotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. e1244

Author(s):

J. Quek ◽

S.G. Brauer ◽

J. Treleaven ◽

R.A. Clark

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cervical Range Of Motion

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Validity and reliability of a wearable-controlled serious game and goniometer for telemonitoring of wrist fracture rehabilitation

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00068-021-01657-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Henriëtte A. W. Meijer ◽

Maurits Graafland ◽

Miryam C. Obdeijn ◽

Marlies P. Schijven ◽

J. Carel Goslings

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Wrist Fracture ◽

Serious Game ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Flexion Extension

Abstract Purpose To determine the validity of wrist range of motion (ROM) measurements by the wearable-controlled ReValidate! wrist-rehabilitation game, which simultaneously acts as a digital goniometer. Furthermore, to establish the reliability of the game by contrasting ROM measurements to those found by medical experts using a universal goniometer. Methods As the universal goniometer is considered the reference standard, inter-rater reliability between surgeons was first determined. Internal validity of the game ROM measurements was determined in a test–retest setting with healthy volunteers. The reliability of the game was tested in 34 patients with a restricted range of motion, in whom the ROM was measured by experts as well as digitally. Intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined and outcomes were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots. Results Inter-rater reliability between experts using a universal goniometer was poor, with ICCs of 0.002, 0.160 and 0.520. Internal validity testing of the game found ICCs of − 0.693, 0.376 and 0.863, thus ranging from poor to good. Reliability testing of the game compared to medical expert measurements, found that mean differences were small for the flexion–extension arc and the radial deviation-ulnar deviation arc. Conclusion The ReValidate! game is a reliable home-monitoring device digitally measuring ROM in the wrist. Interestingly, the test–retest reliability of the serious game was found to be considerably higher than the inter-rater reliability of the reference standard, being healthcare professionals using a universal goniometer. Trial registration number (internal hospital registration only) MEC-AMC W17_003 #17.015.

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Validity and reliability of inertial sensors for elbow and wrist range of motion assessment

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9687 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9687

Author(s):

Vanina Costa ◽

Óscar Ramírez ◽

Abraham Otero ◽

Daniel Muñoz-García ◽

Sandra Uribarri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Inertial Sensors ◽

High Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Active Movement ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Maximum Difference ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Flexion Extension

Background Elbow and wrist chronic conditions are very common among musculoskeletal problems. These painful conditions affect muscle function, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the joint’s Range Of Motion (ROM). Due to their portability and ease of use, goniometers are still the most widespread tool for measuring ROM. Inertial sensors are emerging as a digital, low-cost and accurate alternative. However, whereas inertial sensors are commonly used in research studies, due to the lack of information about their validity and reliability, they are not widely used in the clinical practice. The goal of this study is to assess the validity and intra-inter-rater reliability of inertial sensors for measuring active ROM of the elbow and wrist. Materials and Methods Measures were taken simultaneously with inertial sensors (Werium™ system) and a universal goniometer. The process involved two physiotherapists (“rater A” and “rater B”) and an engineer responsible for the technical issues. Twenty-nine asymptomatic subjects were assessed individually in two sessions separated by 48 h. The procedure was repeated by rater A followed by rater B with random order. Three repetitions of each active movement (elbow flexion, pronation, and supination; and wrist flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation) were executed starting from the neutral position until the ROM end-feel; that is, until ROM reached its maximum due to be stopped by the anatomy. The coefficient of determination (r2) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. The Standard Error of the Measurement and the Minimum Detectable Change and a Bland–Altman plots were also calculated. Results Similar ROM values when measured with both instruments were obtained for the elbow (maximum difference of 3° for all the movements) and wrist (maximum difference of 1° for all the movements). These values were within the normal range when compared to literature studies. The concurrent validity analysis for all the movements yielded ICC values ≥0.78 for the elbow and ≥0.95 for the wrist. Concerning reliability, the ICC values denoted a high reliability of inertial sensors for all the different movements. In the case of the elbow, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability ICC values range from 0.83 to 0.96 and from 0.94 to 0.97, respectively. Intra-rater analysis of the wrist yielded ICC values between 0.81 and 0.93, while the ICC values for the inter-rater analysis range from 0.93 to 0.99. Conclusions Inertial sensors are a valid and reliable tool for measuring elbow and wrist active ROM. Particularly noteworthy is their high inter-rater reliability, often questioned in measurement tools. The lowest reliability is observed in elbow prono-supination, probably due to skin artifacts. Based on these results and their advantages, inertial sensors can be considered a valid assessment tool for wrist and elbow ROM.

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Smartphone Application with Virtual Reality Goggles for the Reliable and Valid Measurement of Active Craniocervical Range of Motion

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics9030071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ke-Vin Chang ◽

Wei-Ting Wu ◽

Mei-Chu Chen ◽

Yi-Chi Chiu ◽

Der-Sheng Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Hybrid Device ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

The Right

Objective: This study aimed to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and validity of a hybrid device, combining virtual reality goggles, a magnetometer and an inclinometer application for smartphones, to measure craniocervical range. Summary of Background Data: Accurate evaluation of craniocervical range of motion is important for early detection of certain diseased conditions and monitoring the progress of interventions. The universal goniometer is widely used for the measurement but it requires experienced practitioners. Whether a combination of virtual reality goggles and smartphone applications can provide the same or better performance compared with the goniometer is still unknown. Methods: Forty-one healthy adults from the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation were recruited for craniocervical range examination (flexion, extension, side-bending to the right or left and rotating to the right or left) by using the hybrid device and universal goniometer. Using the hybrid device, repeated measurements were performed twice by a primary rater and once by a second rater. The primary rater also conducted a measurement using the universal goniometer in the same cohort. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)) were calculated using the two-way random effect model, whereas the validity was examined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-and-Altman plot. The interval between the first and second sessions of the measurement for intra-rater reliability was set at 30 min. Results: Excellent intra-rater (ICC ≥ 0.925) and inter-rater (ICC ≥ 0.880) reliability was noted for the hybrid device. The minimal detectable changes from intra-observer and inter-observer comparisons ranged between 4.12° and 7.42° in all six directions. The Bland-and-Altman plot revealed small mean differences (≤1.68°) between the hybrid device and universal goniometer. Both instruments had highly correlated measurements of craniocervical motion (r values ≥ 0.918). Conclusion: For healthy participants, excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was noted for the hybrid device, and the measurements were consistent with the universal goniometer measurements. Future studies are needed to examine whether the device can perform similarly for patients with neck disorders.

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Quantitative Mechanical Properties of the Relaxed Biceps and Triceps Brachii Muscles in Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Reliability Study of the Myoton-3 Myometer

Stroke Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2012/617694 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Li-ling Chuang ◽

Ching-yi Wu ◽

Keh-chung Lin ◽

Shih-yu Lur

Keyword(s):

Standardized Testing ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Intrarater Reliability ◽

Triceps Brachii ◽

Muscle Properties ◽

Subacute Stroke ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Standard Error Of Measurement

Objective. Test-retest reliability of the myotonometer was investigated in patients with subacute stroke.Methods. Twelve patients with substroke (3 to 9 months poststroke) were examined in standardized testing position twice, 60 minutes apart, with the Myoton-3 myometer to measure tone, elasticity, and stiffness of relaxed bilateral biceps and triceps brachii muscles. Intrarater reliability of muscle properties was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM), and the minimal detectable change (MDC).Results. Intrarater reliability of muscle properties of bilateral biceps and triceps brachii muscles were good (ICCs=0.79–0.96) except for unaffected biceps tone (ICC=0.72). The SEM and MDC of bilateral biceps and triceps brachii muscles indicated small measurement error (SEM%<10%, MDC%<25%).Conclusion. The Myoton-3 myometer is a reliable tool for quantifying muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness of the biceps and triceps brachii in patients with subacute stroke.

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Comparison of the efficacy of three cervical collars in restricting cervical range of motion: A randomized study

Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1177/1024907918809499 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jae Guk Kim ◽

Sung Hwan Bang ◽

Gu Hyun Kang ◽

Yong Soo Jang ◽

Wonhee Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Cervical Spine Injury ◽

Axial Rotation ◽

The Other ◽

Spine Injury ◽

Cervical Range Of Motion ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Cervical Immobilization ◽

The Difference

Background: The cervical collar has been used as a common device for the initial stabilization of the cervical spine. Although many cervical collars are commercially available, there is no consensus on which offers the greatest protection, with studies showing considerable variations in their ability to restrict cervical range of motion. The use of the XCollar (Emegear, Carpinteria, CA) has been known to decrease the risk of spinal cord injury by minimizing potential cervical spinal distraction. We compared XCollar with two other cervical collars commonly used for adult patients with cervical spine injury to evaluate the difference in effectiveness between the three cervical collars to restrict cervical range of motion. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the difference between the three cervical collars in their ability to restrict cervical range of motion. Method: A total of 30 healthy university students aged 21–25 years participated in this study. Participants with any cervical disease and symptoms were excluded. Three cervical collars were tested: Philadelphia® Collar, Stifneck® Select™ Collar, and XCollar. A digital camera and an image-analysis technique were used to evaluate cervical range of motion during flexion, extension, bilateral bending and bilateral axial rotation. Cervical range of motion was evaluated in both the unbraced and braced condition. Results: XCollar permitted less than a mean of 10° of movement during flexion, extension, bilateral bending and bilateral axial rotation. This was less than the movement permitted by the other two cervical collars. Conclusion: XCollar presented superior cervical immobilization compared to the other two commonly used cervical collars in this study. Thus, when cervical collar is considered for an adult patient with cervical spine injury, XCollar might be one of the considerate options as a cervical immobilization device.

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