scholarly journals Short-chain soluble polyphosphate fertilizers increased soil P availability and mobility by reducing P fixation in two contrasting calcareous soils

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11493
Author(s):  
Jawad Ali Shah ◽  
Guixin Chu
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fixation ◽  
P Application ◽  
Application Methods

Short-chain polyphosphate fertilizers have been increasingly applied in agriculture, but little is known about the chemical behaviors of polyphosphate in soils. Herein, a cylinder experiment was carried out to investigate the influences of different P types (i.e., mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), phosphoric acid (PA) and ammonium polyphosphate (poly-P)) and their application methods (single vs split) on the mobility and availability of P in soil through a column millimeter-scale slice cutting method; meanwhile a soil microcosm experiment (560-day) was conducted to investigate the effects of different P types on phosphorus dynamic transformation. Polyphosphate addition significantly increased P mobility. The average distance of P downward movement (81.5 mm) in soil profile in the poly-P application treatment increased by 33.6% and 81.1%, respectively, compared to the MAP and PA treatments. Different P application methods also markedly influenced phosphorus mobility. For instance, the average distance of P vertical movement in the split P application treatment was 21.2% higher than in the single application treatment, indicating that split P addition significantly increased P downward movement. Moreover, polyphosphate application decreased soil P fixation by blocking the transformation of the applied-P from labile to recalcitrant forms (HCl-P and residual-P). Overall, our findings provide meaningful information to current phosphorus fertilization practice in increasing soil P mobility and bioavailability. We suggest that polyphosphate could be regarded as an alternative P source used in agriculture, and split polyphosphate application is recommended as an effective P fertilization strategy.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Fertilization in Rice (Oryza sativa L) Cultivation Changes Soil P-Fractions

2010 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
AL Shah ◽  
JC Biswas ◽  
ARM Solaiman ◽  
GM Panaullah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Rice Genotypes

A study was conducted at the BRRI research farm during 2001 to determine the distribution of soil phosphorus (P) fractions in P-deficient rice soil that received varied amount of P as triple super phosphate (TSP) and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP). Solution P ranged from 0.06 to 0.08 mg L-1 which was significantly greater in long duration variety (LDV) compared to short duration variety (SDV) at Pcontrol conditions. The increase in NaHCO3-Pi pool was 4.5-35.2% greater with LDV compared to SDV at 30-45 kg P ha-1. There was 7-10% greater NaOH-Po after growing LDV compared to SDV at larger P doses as TSP. The buildup of NaOH-Po pool was greater by 18% after growth of SDV compared to LDV when P was added as DAP. The NaOH-Pi fraction increased by about 21-212% with P application compared to P control irrespective of P sources. The larger HCl-Pi fraction buildup (21-152%) took place because of P application either as TSP or DAP, especially with the LDV. The increase in residual-P fraction was 10-158% because of P-fertilization and rice genotypes compared to control. Under Pfertilized conditions, NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Po appeared to have acted as sinks of added P-fertilizer. Cultivation of rice genotypes at 30-40 kg P ha-1 under lowland situations further contributes to P buildup in soil which could be utilized in the succeeding crops for profitable farming.

Spot ν. furrow placement of phosphorus in potato at shillong

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota ◽  
M. S. Virk ◽  
P. M. Govindakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
P Fixation ◽  
P Application ◽  
Fixation Capacity ◽  
P Fertilizers

Water soluble P fertilizers have been reported to be best for potato (Mattingly, 1963; Sharma, Grewal & Sud, 1976). However, they are irretrievably fixed in the acid soils because of their high P fixation capacity. Placement of P fertilizers is, therefore, necessary for their efficient use. Furrow placement of P fertilizers reduces their contact with soil and enhances P availability to the plants. Placement of P in spots, rather than in furrows, will further reduce the contact between the soil and the fertilizers and may improve its efficiency over furrow placement. The present investigation was undertaken to study the relative efficiency of these two methods of P application for potato in the spring season.

scholarly journals Lettuce Response to Phosphorus Fertilization in High P soils

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 795E-796
Author(s):  
P.R. Johnstone ◽  
T.K. Hartz*
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Salinas Valley ◽  
P Application ◽  
Resin Membrane

Heavy P fertilization of vegetable crops in the Salinas Valley of California have increased soil P levels, with > 50 mg·kg-1 bicarbonate-extractable P (Pbc) now common. To evaluate the response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to P fertilization in fields with elevated soil P levels, 12 trials were conducted in commercial fields during 2002-2003. Pbc at the trial sites varied from 53-171 mg·kg-1. In each trial four replicate plots receiving the growers' P application were compared with paired plots in which no P was applied. Leaf P was monitored at cupping stage and at harvest. At harvest mean whole plant mass and % of marketable plants were recorded. The correlation of Pbc to bioavailable P (Pba) was evaluated using 30 representative Salinas Valley soils; Pbc varied among these soils from 15-177 mg·kg-1. Pba was estimated by P adsorption on an anion resin membrane during a 16 h incubation. The effect of temperature on P bioavailability in 6 of these soils was estimated by conducting the Pba incubation at 5, 15 and 25 °C. A significant increase in lettuce yield with P fertilization was achieved at only one trial site, a spring planting where Pbc was 54 mg kg-1 ; at all other sites, including 3 with Pbc < 60 mg kg-1, P application resulted in no agronomic benefit. P application resulted in only a marginal increase in plant P uptake. Pba was highly correlated with Pbc (r = 0.89). Pba increased approximately 40% across soils with each 10 °C increase in soil temperature.

Responsiveness of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to liquid and granular phosphorus fertilisers in southern Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. McBeath ◽  
R. D. Armstrong ◽  
E. Lombi ◽  
M. J. McLaughlin ◽  
R. E. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Caco3 Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
P Application ◽  
Yield Responses

Recent field trials on alkaline soils in southern Australia showed significant grain yield responses to liquid compared with traditional granular forms of P fertiliser. However the advantages of liquid over granular P forms of fertiliser has not been consistent on all soil types. In order to better predict the soil types on which liquid P fertilisers are likely to have potential, a glasshouse trial was conducted to compare the responsiveness of wheat to both liquid and granular forms of P on a wide range of Australian soils. A granular P fertiliser (triple superphosphate) and 2 liquid fertilisers (phosphoric acid and ammonium polyphosphate) were compared at a rate equivalent to 12 kg P/ha in 29 soils representing many of the soil types used for grain production in Victoria and South Australia. Wheat biomass was enhanced by P application in 86% of the soils tested. In 62% of the P-responsive soils, wheat dry matter was significantly greater when liquid P fertilisers were used compared with the granular form. Chemical analysis of the soils tested showed that the better performance of liquid P forms was not correlated to total P concentration in soil, P buffer capacity, or P availability as measured by Colwell-P. However, there was a significant positive relationship between calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of soil and wheat responsiveness to liquid P fertiliser.

Effect of long-term phosphorus fertilization on soil phosphorus fractions .

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Crisitna Zamuner ◽  
Andrea Beatriz Díez ◽  
Liliana Inés Picone
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Total P ◽  
Bray 1 ◽  
Low Rate

A limitation to crop production in the southeast of the Buenos Aires province (Argentina) is the low phosphorus (P) availability. P fertilization is required for high yields. The objective of this work was to quantify the forms of soil P as affected by different P fertilization strategies after 8 years under wheat. The combination of high rate (H; 176 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>), low rate (L; 88 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>), single application (S; at the beginning of the experiment), and fractionated application (F; annual fertilization of 22 and 11 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>) were evaluated. Soil total P, total inorganic P, total organic P, organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) extractable with NaHCO<sub>3</sub> and NaOH, were determined, plus available P (P-Bray 1). Fertilization did not change the total P or the total Po (344 and 412 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). Fertilized treatment, compared with a non-fertilized one, increased the concentration of Pi-NaHCO<sub>3</sub> (14.49 and 7.62 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>) and Pi-NaOH (47.13 and 28.37 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>). The H rate increased the Pi extracted with NaHCO<sub>3</sub> (13.16 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>) and with NaOH (53.82 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>) compared with the L rate (9.82 and 40.43 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). The FH rate increased the concentration of Pi-NaOH (59.55 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>) compared to SH (48.10 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>), while the low rate produced no changes in this fraction. In summary, when the amount of P added was fractioned and exceeded the quantity removed by crop, the excess was converted mainly to Pi-NaOH. A positive and significant correlation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.95; P &lt; 0.001) between the sum of Pi-NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, Pi- NaOH and P-Bray 1 was established.

Phosphorus efficiency in a long-term wheat–rice cropping system in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. TANG ◽  
X. SHI ◽  
Y. MA ◽  
X. HAO
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYLong-term (over 14 years) experiments on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop rotations were conducted in Southwest China to investigate phosphorus (P) fertilizer utilization efficiency, including the partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), internal efficiency (IE), partial P balance (PPB), recovery efficiency (RE) and the mass (input–output) balance. The seven treatments were Control, N, NP, NK, NPK, NPKM and NPKSt, representing various combinations of inorganic fertilizers (N, P and K), manure (M) and the application of rice straw (St). Without P application, the soil could supply c. 14·7–22·5 kg P/ha annually and produce, on average, c. 1·8 t/ha wheat and 6·0 t/ha rice. Phosphorus fertilization increased crop yields by 65·5 and 11·4% for wheat and rice, respectively, over the 14 years. The PFP values ranged from 80·2 to 177 kg grain/kg P fertilizer for wheat and from 222 to 255 kg/kg for rice in the NPK treatments. However, the mean AE over the 14-year period was 31·9 and 21·3 kg grain/kg inorganic P fertilizer for wheat and rice, respectively. The mean IE was 214 and 318 kg grain/kg P uptake for wheat and rice, respectively, during the cultivation period. The PPB for the whole rotation system over the 14 years ranged from 0·58 to 0·64. However, the mean RE of P fertilizer was 0·26 (varying from 0·22 to 0·29) in the wheat–rice cropping system over the 14-year period. For every 100 kg surplus P/ha per year, the concentration of soil P extracted by 0·5 m NaHCO3 at pH 8·5 (Olsen-P) would increase by, on average, 4·12 mg/kg in soil. For the wheat–rice cropping system, the current P application rate of 55–65 kg P/ha per year is able to sustain annual yields of about 3 t/ha for wheat and 7 t/ha for rice. This study suggests that, in order to achieve higher crop yields, the P fertilizer utilization efficiency should be considered when making P fertilizer recommendations in wheat–rice cropping systems.

Effect of rates and methods of phosphorus application on herb and oil yields and nutrient concentrations in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Kothari ◽  
Virendra Singh ◽  
Kamla Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Japanese Mint ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Placement Depth

Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.), one of the important essential-oil-bearing crops of India, is a potential source of natural menthol which is widely used in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. Generally under intensive cultivation, the application (broadcast with incorporation) of phosphorus leads to enhanced herb and oil yields of different mint species (Rao, Rao & Singh, 1983; Singh et al. 1983; Vadivel & Sampath, 1981), but the knowledge that P-adsorption to soil surface reduces plant availability suggests that a P application method limiting soil-P contact may improve P availability and use efficiency (Phillips & Webb, 1971). Therefore, the placement depth and method may be an important factor in the proper use of applied phosphorus. Since uptake of P is reduced in dry soils (Reichman & Grunes, 1966; Simpson, 1960), P placed deeper in the soil would remain more available because of increased soil moisture. Another factor involved is the positional availability of the P source (Cooke, 1954). If placed too close to the surface, the roots may not come in contact with the fertilizer or too few would contact the band to maximize uptake.

Effect of Different Phosphorus Fertilization Treatments on the Phosphorus Transference in an Aquatic Brown Paddy Soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Quan Lai Zhou ◽  
Mu Qiu Zhao ◽  
Cai Yan Lu ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

This study investigated the effects of different rates of phosphorus application on vertical transference of P. An aquatic brown paddy soil was filled in organic glass columns using for the leaching experiments. The results indicated that significant vertical transference was found using change of Olsen-P and CaCl2-P. The transference distance was no more than 10cm when P application rate between 200 and 800 kg P ha-1, and was more than 10cm as P application rate above 800 kg P ha-1. We obtained the threshold value of Olsen-P was 53.7 mg kg-1 by split-line model, and calculated that the threshold value of P fertilizer application rate was 382.1 kg P ha-1 by relationship of soil Olsen-P concentration and P application rate. The soil P transference increased, if P application rate was above 382.1 kg P ha-1. It would be helpful for controlling the P fertilizer amount by field to decrease P loss.

scholarly journals Studi Hifa Eksternal CMA dalam Memahami Fungsinya Mengkontribusi Serapan P Tanaman Menggunakan Metode Thin Section

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
Machfud Effendy ◽  
Bhakti Wisnu Wijayani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Availability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
External Hyphae ◽  
Soil Hyphae ◽  
P Application ◽  
Amf Inoculation

The study of the external hyphae of AMF was conducted for getting data of the soil hyphae distribution from the observation using thin section preparation. The experiment was arranged in factorial fully randomized design. The 1st factors are dosages of P application: 0; 45; 90; 135; and 180 kg ha-1.  The second factor was AMF spore inoculation: with inoculation and without inoculation.  The observations were conducted to roots and shoots oven dried, absorption of P, P32- fertilizer and P31 from soil.  The soil was separated from T-pots and to prepare for making the thin section of soil for observation to hyphae distribution at every 2 cm level.  The experiment results showed that the prepared of thin section was documented at the 200 µm x 200 µm (= 40.000 µm2) dimension can be used for external hifas observation.  In the 400 µm2 areas of soil without AMF inoculated has about 24 to 27 external hyphal, so at the  40.000 µm2 areas has 2.400 until 2.700 hyphae.  The soil was AMF inoculated has 19 to 25 hyphae at  400 µm2 areas of soil, and in the 40.000 µm2 areas has  1.900 until 2.500 hyphae and the length of hyphae about 67-75 m g-1.  The diameter hifas at soil without AMF inoculation about 8-10 µm, and at the soil with AMF inoculated has hyphae diameter about 8-11 µm, and the long of hyphae about 53-69 m g-1.  The growth speed of hyphae about 0.74-0.89 m day-1 or about 0.031-0.035 m hour-1.  The inoculated plant with AMF spore gave more in contribution to P32 fertilizer and soil P31 than that in uninoculated plant, but the yield of shoot and root oven dried was higher for plants without inoculated AMF spore.  The inoculated soil with spore of AMF caused to sum of AMF spore and soil P availability was higher than that in uninoculated soil.

scholarly journals Ruzigrass affecting soil-phosphorus availability

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Merlin ◽  
Zhenli Li He ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Availability

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of ruzigrass (Urochloaruziziensis) in enhancing soil-P availability in areas fertilized with soluble or reactive rock phosphates. The area had been cropped for five years under no-till, in a system involving soybean, triticale/black-oat, and pearl millet. Previously to the five-year cultivation period, corrective phosphorus fertilization was applied once on soil surface, at 0.0 and 80 kg ha-1 P2O5, as triple superphosphate or Arad rock phosphate. After this five-year period, plots received the same corrective P fertilization as before and ruzigrass was introduced to the cropping system in the stead of the other cover crops. Soil samples were taken (0-10 cm) after ruzigrass cultivation and subjected to soil-P fractionation. Soybean was grown thereafter without P application to seed furrow. Phosphorus availability in plots with ruzigrass was compared to the ones with spontaneous vegetation for two years. Ruzigrass cultivation increased inorganic (resin-extracted) and organic (NaHCO3) soil P, as well as P concentration in soybean leaves, regardless of the P source. However, soybean yield did not increase significantly due to ruzigrass introduction to the cropping system. Soil-P availability did not differ between soluble and reactive P sources. Ruzigrass increases soil-P availability, especially where corrective P fertilization is performed.

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