scholarly journals Internet risky behaviours among youth with visual impairment

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12376
Author(s):  
Magdalena Agnieszka Wrzesińska ◽  
Kamila Knol-Michałowska ◽  
Patryk Stecz ◽  
Monika Kopytowska ◽  
Katarzyna Binder-Olibrowska

Background Young individuals with visual impairment (VI), exposed to higher risky of social exclusion, might be more prone to Internet risky behaviours including electronic aggression. Objective Different types of Internet risky behaviours and the average time spent online were investigated among students with VI. These behaviours were analyzed for the relationship with witnessing, perpetrating and becoming a victim of electronic aggression. Methods A total of 490 special needs school students with VI answered a self-administered questionnaire. The average time spent online, different types of risky Internet activities and electronic aggression were recorded, as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Results Male students downloaded software illegally, hacked, published and viewed sites with sexual content, and gambled online statistically more often than female counterparts. Concerning electronic aggression, more than half of participants were engaged as witnesses, every fifth student as a victim and 11.6% as perpetrators. Two sets of ordinal logistic regression analyses have shown that communication with a person promoting violence and an excessive amount of time spent online during weekends predicted significantly the risk of witnessing and being a victim of electronic aggression. Additionally, communicating with a person promoting violence and an excessive amount of time spent online during schooldays were associated with increased odds for engagement in electronic aggression as a perpetrator. Conclusions Population with VI is prone to risky Internet use and likely to be engaged in electronic aggression. New instruments and preventive strategies need to be developed, as well as diagnostic tools tailored specifically to the needs of young people with VI.

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110219
Author(s):  
Oscar Armando Esparza-Del Villar ◽  
Sarah Margarita Chavez-Valdez ◽  
Priscila Montañez-Alvarado ◽  
Marisela Gutiérrez-Vega ◽  
Teresa Gutiérrez-Rosado

Different types of violence have been present in Mexico but there have been few studies that have analyzed their relationship with mental health in adolescents, especially in cities with high rates of social violence. It is important to compare different violence types and their relationship with mental health since not all relationships are the same. It appears that social violence has a stronger relationship with mental health, and for this reason it receives more attention, but other types of violence have a stronger relationship and do not receive as much attention. Chihuahua has been one of the most violent states in Mexico, and Juarez has been the most violent city in the world in 2009 and 2010. The purpose of the study is to compare the relationship of different types of violence (social, cyberbullying, partner violence, and child abuse and neglect) with mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and paranoid thoughts). There were 526 high school students, from the cities of Juarez ( n = 282) and Chihuahua ( n = 244). The mean age was 16.5 ( SD = 1.4) years and 50.6% reported being males. The relationships among the variables were analyzed using Pearson’s correlations and multiple linear regressions. Both cities that have experienced social violence like carjacking, kidnapping, and sexual assault, but they have very small or no relationships with mental health indicators. Other types of violence have stronger correlations. Our findings suggest that interventions should not focus only in preventing and dealing with social violence, but that other types of violence must also be addressed in adolescents.


Author(s):  
María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
María del Mar Molero ◽  
Ana Belén Barragán ◽  
José Jesús Gázquez Linares

Aggressive behavior in adolescence is influenced by a diversity of individual, family and social variables. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between family functioning, emotional intelligence and values for development of different types of aggression, as well as to establish profiles according to the predictor variables of aggression. To do this, a sample of 317 high school students aged 13 to 18 were administered the Peer Conflict Scale, the Family Functionality Scale, the Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Senior Citizens and the Values for Adolescent Development Scales. The study showed that stress management, positive adolescent development and family functioning predominated in nonaggressive subjects with higher scores than aggressors. There was also a negative relationship between the different types of aggression and emotional intelligence, positive values and family functioning. In addition, two different profiles were found. The first had low scores on all the variables, while the second profile had higher scores on all the variables except family functioning which was higher.


2021 ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
Sonja Ivancevic ◽  
Milica Maricic ◽  
Tatjana Ivanovic ◽  
Vesna Tepsic-Ostojic ◽  
Sanja Stosic

Background/Aim. To reduce the risk of burnout development of medical professionals, it is important to identify the contributing factors as early as in their schooling years. The aim of this research is to propose a model that will determine the relationship between the coping strategies medical high school and medical faculty students use, and burnout. Methods. The cross-sectional study included 164 medical high school students (80.5% female and 19.5% male students) and 344 students of the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Medicine (76.9% female and 23.1% male students). The model exploring the relationship between coping strategies (measured by Brief COPE scale) and burnout (measured by CBI-S scale) was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. Results. When coping with stress, medical high school students use Acceptance, Venting, Behavioural Disengagement, and Planning that increase their burnout, and they do not use any strategies that would help them reduce burnout. When coping with stress, medical faculty students use Planning, Acceptance, Humour, Venting, Behavioural Disengagement, Self-Blame, and Substance Use that increase their burnout and Positive Reframing which helps them reduce burnout. Conclusion. The results of this research show an evident lack of use of adaptive coping strategies with both groups of respondents. Proper education would help them replace these dysfunctional coping strategies with more constructive ones.


Author(s):  
Yui Mineshita ◽  
Hyeon-Ki Kim ◽  
Takae Shinto ◽  
Mai Kuwahara ◽  
Shigenobu Shibata

Longer durations for near-work activities, such as studying, worsen eyesight. In contrast, outdoor exercise is effective in reducing the risk of developing myopia. Despite these findings, however, the interaction between studying and exercise in eyesight has not been quantitatively evaluated. Moreover, since there is a culture of attending lessons in Japan, it is important to investigate the relationship between elementary school activities, such as cram schools or sports clubs, and vision. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether attending cram schools and/or sports clubs is associated with the use of glasses among elementary school students. We conducted a survey among 7419 elementary school students in Tokyo, Japan using a food education questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between wearing glasses, an objective variable, and attending sports clubs and cram schools. Sex and school year were considered confounding factors. The results of this study showed that students who attended only sports clubs were more likely to be categorized into the “not wearing glasses” group (p = 0.03, OR = 1.45), whereas those who attended only cram schools were more likely to be categorized into the “wearing glasses” group (p = 0.008, OR = 0.67). In addition, students who attended both cram schools and sports clubs were more likely to be categorized into the “not wearing glasses” group than those who only attended cram schools (p = 0.28, OR = 0.85). Our findings indicate that attending not only cram schools but also sports clubs may prevent deterioration of eyesight. Parents and health care providers need to take these findings into account in order to prevent visual impairment in children.


2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadya M. Kouzma ◽  
Gerard A. Kennedy

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between hours of homework, stress, and mood disturbance in senior high school students, 141 boys and 228 girls, recruited from high schools across Victoria, Australia. Participants' ages ranged from 16 to 18 years ( M = 16.6, SD = .6). A 1-wk. homework diary, a Self-reported Stress scale, and the Profile of Mood States were administered to students. Analysis showed that the number of hours spent completing homework ranged from 10 to 65 hours per week ( M = 37.0, SD = 12.2). Independent samples t-test analyses showed significant sex differences, with female students scoring higher on hours of homework, stress, and mood disturbance compared to male students. Pearson product-moment correlations were significant and positive for hours of homework with stress and for hours of homework with mood disturbance.


2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Jeynes

This meta-analysis of 51 studies examines the relationship between various kinds of parental involvement programs and the academic achievement of pre-kindergarten-12th-grade school children. Analyses determined the effect sizes for various parental involvement programs overall and subcategories of involvement. Results indicate a significant relationship between parental involvement programs overall and academic achievement, both for younger (preelementary and elementary school) and older (secondary school) students as well as for four types of parental involvement programs. Parental involvement programs, as a whole, were associated with higher academic achievement by .3 of a standard deviation unit. The significance of these results is discussed.


Author(s):  
U. Alpkaya

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the physical activity efficacy and physical activity of the middle school students, according to gender and to analyze the relationship between them. Material: The study group consisted of a total of 701 students from three public secondary schools, 343 of whom were female and 358 were male students. In order to determine the physical activity efficacy of the students, the Physical Activity Efficacy Scale was used, while the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children was used for establishing the level of physical activity. In evaluating the data, descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation tests were used as statistical methods. Results: According to the data obtained by the study, the students’ physical activity efficacy was found to be good, with no difference between the females and the males (p>0.05). The students’ physical activity level was average, while the males were found to be physically more active than the females (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the physical activity efficacy and the physical activity of the students (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, physical activities should be increased during the time of the middle school, which is a part of the period of adolescence. Besides, in order to enhance their physical activity efficacy, the adolescents should be provided with physical activity environments.


Author(s):  
Elena Grebennikova ◽  
Igor Shelekhov ◽  
Elena Filimonova

Межличностные отношения являются необходимым условием, определяющим развитие не только отдельных психических процессов, но и личности в целом. Имеется ряд работ, в которых показана деформация межличностных отношений у подростков с разным видом дизонтогенеза, в том числе и при умственной отсталости. Представлены результаты изучения межличностных отношений подростков, имеющих умственную отсталость, осложненную нарушением зрения. Результаты проведенного исследования позволили констатировать наличие как общих, так и специфических особенностей межличностных отношений у подростков с умственной отсталостью, осложненной нарушением зрения, и у их сверстников с неосложненной умственной отсталостью. В обследуемых группах только треть подростков рассматривают отца и мать как родительскую чету, при этом наблюдается высокая значимость взаимоотношений с матерью и отказ от общения с отцом. Для подростков обеих групп характерны: слабая включенность во взаимодействие со сверстниками; наличие чувственно дефицитного или чувственно чрезмерного типа взаимодействия с преобладанием чувственно дефицитного типа; нерешительность в принятии решений, стремление переложить ответственность на других; отсутствие тенденции к доминированию; частые конфликты со сверстниками и неспособность их конструктивно разрешить. Кроме того, подростки обследуемых групп часто демонстрируют реакции на фрустрацию активно-агрессивного или пассивно-страдательного типа, причем у подростков с неосложненной умственной отсталостью доминируют реакции активно-агрессивного типа, а у подростков с умственной отсталостью, осложненной нарушением зрения, – реакции пассивно-страдательного типа. Примечательно, что подростки с умственной отсталостью, осложненной нарушением зрения, склонны к изоляции от сверстников, проявляют бóльшую привязанность к дому и своей семье. Interpersonal relations are a prerequisite that determines the development of not only individual mental processes, but also the personality as a whole. There are a number of works that show the deformation of interpersonal relationships in adolescents with different types of dysontogenesis, including with mental retardation. This article presents the results of a study of the interpersonal relationships of adolescents with mental retardation complicated by visual impairment. The results of the study made it possible to ascertain the presence of both general and specific features of interpersonal relationships in adolescents with mental retardation complicated by visual impairment, and their peers with uncomplicated mental retardation. In the examined groups, only a third of adolescents consider the father and mother as a parental couple, while there is a high significance of the relationship with the mother and refusal to communicate with the father. For adolescents of both groups are characteristic: weak involvement in interaction with peers; the presence of a sensually deficient or sensually excessive type of interaction with a predominance of the sensually deficient type; indecision in decision making, the desire to shift responsibility to others; lack of a tendency to domination; frequent conflicts with peers and the inability to constructively resolve them. In addition, adolescents of the studied groups often show reactions to frustration of the activeaggressive or passive-suffering type, and in adolescents with uncomplicated mental retardation, the reactions of the active-aggressive type dominate, and in adolescents with mental retardation complicated by visual impairment, the reactions of passive-passive type. It is noteworthy that adolescents with mental retardation, complicated by visual impairment, are prone to isolation from their peers, show greater attachment to home and their family.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Goncharova ◽  
Yuliya Boeva

The article considers the typology of forms of envy, its functions, analyzes the ratio of types of envy with different types of protective and coping behavior in students of different training profiles. The study involved 50 students from 19 to 22 years old studying in different specialties of the university. Student age is a period of development of mature mechanisms of protection, constructive coping and envy as a personality trait. The authors started from the assumption that different types of envy are related to different types of protective and coping behavior and their difference among students of different learning profiles. The results of the study prove there is a relationship and interdependence of types of envy with strategies of coping and psychological protection. It was revealed — there is a close relationship between types of envy and coping strategies. It is established that different types of envy are characteristic of students of different profiles of study. Envy-dislike is more pronounced in students of a technical orientation, envy-despondency is the dominant type of envy in humanitarian students. It is proved that avisity-dislike has a positive close relationship with maladaptive confrontational coping in humanitarian students. Planning a solution to the problem and positive reassessment are interdependent and interrelated with envy-hostility among students-technical profile of training. Substitution and hypercompensation are positively interrelated with envy-hostility among humanitarians. Students of the technical profile of education revealed an inverse relationship of envy-despondency with projection and a direct connection with displacement. Envy-dislike is interrelated and interdependent with rationalization. The author plans to associate further research with the development of diagnostic tools and measures to prevent and correct feelings of envy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3329-3332
Author(s):  
Özlü Metin ◽  
Gezer Hatice ◽  
Gezer Engin

The aim of this study is to evaluate the views of Physical Education and Sports Candidate Teacher studying in sports education units of universities about Distance Education and to determine the relationship between them. A total of 148 teacher candidates, 79 (53.40%) female and 69 (46.60%) male, studying in different departments of the Physical Education and Sports School of Kafkas University participated in the study. IBM SPSS Statistics v22 package program was used in the statistical analysis of the data. The skewness and kurtosis test were used to test the data for normality and it was determined that the data did not have a normal distribution. In order to evaluate whether the data is homogeneous; “Anova-Homogenety of variance” test was applied and it was determined that the data were not homogeneous. It was observed that the total score average of the "attitudes towards distance education" of the Physical Education and Sports School students was 103.50±13.02. When examined in terms of gender, it was determined that the mean score of male students was 105.02±13.41 and that of female students was 102.16±.12.60. When examined in terms of place of residence, 86 (58.10) students living with their families are 104.44±12.15, students living in student housing/own house 31 (20.90) are 100.70±15.95, 15 (10.10) in dormitories. 105.06±5.16 and lastly 102.37±16.33 points in 16 of the relatives (10.8) households were determined. When examined in terms of the department, it was found that the 43(49.3) department of Teaching was 102±78, the coaching department was 30(20.30), 103.36±8.15, and finally the 45(30.4) department was found to be 104.75±11.96. As a result; in the study, in which the opinions of the students studying in the sports education institutions of the universities about Distance Education are evaluated, it is seen that it is similar to the literature and is in an acceptable range. Keywords: Physical Education and Sports, Candidate Teachers, Distance Education


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