scholarly journals Mitochondrial sequence diversity reveals the hybrid origin of invasive gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) populations in Hungary

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12441
Author(s):  
Szilvia Keszte ◽  
Arpad Ferincz ◽  
Katalin Tóth-Ihász ◽  
Réka Enikő Balogh ◽  
Ádám Staszny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Gibel Carp ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
Ncbi Blast

Background Invasive gibel carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) has become well-established in the Hungarian waters and now are spreading in the European waters. On major concern now is the potential hybridization between gibel carp and the other invasive species in the Carassius auratus complex (CAC), which may further accelerate the spread of the whole invasive species complex. The identification of gibel carp and their hybrids is difficult because of its morphological similarity to the other species in CAC. Here we carry out a genomic assessment to understand the history of gibel carp invasion and its phylogenetic relationship with the other species in CAC. Three loci of the mitochondrial genome (D-loop, CoI, Cytb) were used to determine the phylogenetic origin of individuals and relarionship among six gibel carp populations and the other species in the CAC. Methodolgy A total of 132 gibel carp samples from six locations in Southern Transdanubia (Hungary) were collected after phenotypic identification to measure the genetic diversity within and among gibel carp populations of Southern Transdanubia (Hungary). The genetic background was examined by the sequences of the mitochondrial genome: D-loop, Cytochrome c oxidase I (CoI) and Cytochrome b (Cytb). Mitochondrial genetic markers are excellent tools for phylogenetic studies because they are maternally inherited. Successfully identified haplotypes were aligned and with reference sequences in nucleotide databases (i.e., NCBI-BLAST: National Centre for Biotechnology Information and BOLD: Barcode of Life Data System). The phylogenetic relationships among gibel carp populations were then analyzed together with the reference sequences to understand the relationship and the level of hybridization with the species in CAC. Results Among the 132 aligned D-loop sequences 22 haplotypes were identified. Further examination of representative individuals of the 22 haplotypes, six Cytb and four CoI sequences were detected. The largest number of haplotypes of all three loci were found in Lake Balaton, the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. Based on the NCBI-BLAST alignment of the D-loop, haplotypes of Carassius auratus auratus and Carassius a. buergeri in CAC were identified in the C. gibelio samples. Further analysis of haplotypes with the other two mitochondrial markers confirmed the occurrence of intragenus hybridization of C. gibelio in the Hungarian waters. Conclusion By using three mitochondrial markers (D-loop, Cytb, CoI), we genomically characterized a gibel carp-complex in Hungarian waters and assessed the C. gibelio phylogenetic status between them. Hybrid origin of locally invasive Carassius taxon was detected in Hungary. It points out that invasive species are not only present in Hungary but reproduce with each other in the waters, further accelerating their spread.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Methylation and Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4594
Author(s):  
Andrea Stoccoro ◽  
Fabio Coppedè
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
D Loop

Epigenetic modifications of the nuclear genome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA post-transcriptional regulation, are increasingly being involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Recent evidence suggests that also epigenetic modifications of the mitochondrial genome could contribute to the etiology of human diseases. In particular, altered methylation and hydroxymethylation levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been found in animal models and in human tissues from patients affected by cancer, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, environmental factors, as well as nuclear DNA genetic variants, have been found to impair mtDNA methylation patterns. Some authors failed to find DNA methylation marks in the mitochondrial genome, suggesting that it is unlikely that this epigenetic modification plays any role in the control of the mitochondrial function. On the other hand, several other studies successfully identified the presence of mtDNA methylation, particularly in the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) region, relating it to changes in both mtDNA gene transcription and mitochondrial replication. Overall, investigations performed until now suggest that methylation and hydroxymethylation marks are present in the mtDNA genome, albeit at lower levels compared to those detectable in nuclear DNA, potentially contributing to the mitochondria impairment underlying several human diseases.

Difference in biochemical markers in the gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) upstream and downstream of the hydropower plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 113213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Falfushynska ◽  
Oksana Horyn ◽  
Olga Fedoruk ◽  
Vira Khoma ◽  
Piotr Rzymski
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Gibel Carp ◽  
Carassius Auratus Gibelio

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of the binturong Arctictis binturong (Carnivora: Viverridae) – status of the elusive Palawan binturong and implications for conservation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraldine Veron ◽  
Agathe Debruille ◽  
Pauline Kayser ◽  
Desamarie Antonette P Fernandez ◽  
Aude Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Abstract The binturong or bearcat is a forest mesocarnivore ranging from Nepal to Indonesia and the Philippines. Several subspecies of binturongs are recognized but a revision is needed. The binturong from Palawan was described as a species and is now considered a subspecies, but its status has never been checked using molecular approaches. Owing to its restricted range and the pressure on its habitat, the Palawan binturong may be endangered. It is, therefore, of crucial importance to clarify its taxonomic status, particularly for the management of captive populations. We sequenced one nuclear and two mitochondrial markers for binturongs from locations across the species range and from zoos. Our results provide an assessment of the genetic polymorphism and structure within the binturong, resulting in two groups, corresponding to the Indochinese and the Sundaic regions. Within the latter were found the Palawan binturongs on one side, and an individual from Sulu archipelago (a locality not reported before) on the other side. The Palawan binturongs form a monophyletic group, genetically close to Bornean binturongs, which suggests that they may have dispersed from Borneo, and represents a lineage worth preserving, but which is not a separate species nor a separate subspecies.

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