scholarly journals Patterns of bird-window collisions inform mitigation on a university campus

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela ◽  
R. Scott Winton ◽  
Charlene J. Wu ◽  
Erika Zambello ◽  
Thomas W. Wittig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Student Government ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Local Media ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
Window Area ◽  
Architectural Characteristics

Bird-window collisions cause an estimated one billion bird deaths annually in the United States. Building characteristics and surrounding habitat affect collision frequency. Given the importance of collisions as an anthropogenic threat to birds, mitigation is essential. Patterned glass and UV-reflective films have been proven to prevent collisions. At Duke University’s West campus in Durham, North Carolina, we set out to identify the buildings and building characteristics associated with the highest frequencies of collisions in order to propose a mitigation strategy. We surveyed six buildings, stratified by size, and measured architectural characteristics and surrounding area variables. During 21 consecutive days in spring and fall 2014, and spring 2015, we conducted carcass surveys to document collisions. In addition, we also collected ad hoc collision data year-round and recorded the data using the app iNaturalist. Consistent with previous studies, we found a positive relationship between glass area and collisions. Fitzpatrick, the building with the most window area, caused the most collisions. Schwartz and the Perk, the two small buildings with small window areas, had the lowest collision frequencies. Penn, the only building with bird deterrent pattern, caused just two collisions, despite being almost completely made out of glass. Unlike many research projects, our data collection led to mitigation action. A resolution supported by the student government, including news stories in the local media, resulted in the application of a bird deterrent film to the building with the most collisions: Fitzpatrick. We present our collision data and mitigation result to inspire other researchers and organizations to prevent bird-window collisions.

Leaded Aviation Fuel May Present Long-Term Effects on Campus Life from the Adjacent Albert Whitted Airport

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Matthews ◽  
Madhu Pandey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aviation Gasoline ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Descent Line

Propeller planes and small engine aircraft around the United States, legally utilize leaded aviation gasoline. The purpose of this experiment was to collect suspended particulate matter from a university campus, directly below an airport’s arriving flight path’s descent line, and to analyze lead content suspended in the air. Two collection sets of three separate samples were collected on six separate days, one set in July of 2018 and the second set in January 2019.

scholarly journals Actors, Partisan Inclination, and Emotions: An Analysis of Government Shutdown News Stories Shared on Twitter

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110088
Author(s):  
Colin Agur ◽  
Lanhuizi Gan
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Information ◽  
News Frames ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
News Stories ◽  
News Sharing ◽  
Government Shutdown

Scholars have recognized emotion as an increasingly important element in the reception and retransmission of online information. In the United States, because of existing differences in ideology, among both audiences and producers of news stories, political issues are prone to spark considerable emotional responses online. While much research has explored emotional responses during election campaigns, this study focuses on the role of online emotion in social media posts related to day-to-day governance in between election periods. Specifically, this study takes the 2018–2019 government shutdown as its subject of investigation. The data set shows the prominence of journalistic and political figures in leading the discussion of news stories, the nuance of emotions employed in the news frames, and the choice of pro-attitudinal news sharing.

scholarly journals Learning to Detain Asylum Seekers and the Growth of Mass Immigration Detention in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Smita Ghosh ◽  
Mary Hoopes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Important Shift

Drawing upon an analysis of congressional records and media coverage from 1981 to 1996, this article examines the growth of mass immigration detention. It traces an important shift during this period: while detention began as an ad hoc executive initiative that was received with skepticism by the legislature, Congress was ultimately responsible for entrenching the system over objections from the agency. As we reveal, a critical component of this evolution was a transformation in Congress’s perception of asylum seekers. While lawmakers initially decried their detention, they later branded them as dangerous. Lawmakers began describing asylum seekers as criminals or agents of infectious diseases in order to justify their detention, which then cleared the way for the mass detention of arriving migrants more broadly. Our analysis suggests that they may have emphasized the dangerousness of asylum seekers to resolve the dissonance between their theoretical commitments to asylum and their hesitance to welcome newcomers. In addition to this distinctive form of cognitive dissonance, we discuss a number of other implications of our research, including the ways in which the new penology framework figured into the changing discourse about detaining asylum seekers.

Making Nano Matter

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Simakova
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Interpretive Flexibility

The article examines science-policy conversations mediated by social science in attempts to govern, or set up terms for, scientific research. The production of social science research accounts about science faces challenges in the domains of emerging technosciences, such as nano. Constructing notions of success and failure, participants in science actively engage in the interpretation of policy notions, such as the societal relevance of their research. Industrial engagement is one of the prominent themes both in policy renditions of governable science, and in the participants’ attempts to achieve societally relevant research, often oriented into the future. How do we, as researchers, go about collecting, recording, and analyzing such future stories? I examine a series of recent interviews conducted in a number of US universities, and in particular at a university campus on the West Coast of the United States. The research engages participants through interviews, which can be understood as occasions for testing the interpretive flexibility of nano as “good” scientific practice and of what counts as societal relevance, under what circumstances and in view of what kind of audiences.

Protocol to the Convention on the Prohibition of Bacteriological (Biological) Weapons – History, Main Provisions, Significance and Reasons for Not Signing

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Special Role ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Weapons Control

Received 30 January 2021. Accepted for publication 20 March 2021 The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (BTWC) does not have a legally binding verification regime. An attempt by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts, created by the UN Committee on Disarmament, to strengthen the BTWC by developing a legally binding document – the Protocol, was blocked by the United States in July 2001. The purpose of this work is to study the history, main provisions, significance and reasons for not signing the Protocol to the BTWC. The attention is paid to the events in biological weapons control, which have led a number of countries to the understanding of the necessity to develop the Protocol. The background of the US actions to block this document is the subject of special consideration. During the Second Review Conference on the Implementation of the Convention (8–25 September 1986, Geneva) the USSR, the German Democratic Republic and the Hungarian People's Republic proposed to develop and adopt the Protocol as an addition to the BTWC. This document was supposed to establish general provisions, definitions of terms, lists of agents and toxins, lists of equipment that was present or used at production facilities, threshold quantities of biological agents designed to assess means and methods of protection. The proposed verification mechanism was based on three «pillars»: initial declarations with the basic information about the capabilities of each State Party; inspections to assess the reliability of the declarations; investigations to verify and confirm or not confirm the alleged non-compliance with the Convention. The verification regime was to be under the control of an international organization – the Organization for the Prohibition of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons. However, the US military and pharmaceutical companies opposed the idea of international inspections. The then US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, John Robert Bolton II, played a special role in blocking the Protocol. During the Fifth Review Conference in December 2001, he demanded the termination of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts mandate for negotiations under the pretext that any international agreement would constrain US actions. The current situation with biological weapons control should not be left to chance. Measures to strengthen the BTWC should be developed, taking into account the new fundamental changes in dual-use biotechnology. It should be borne in mind, that the Protocol, developed in the 1990s, is outdated nowadays.

Compound Poisson—Gamma Regression Models for Dollar Outcomes That Are Sometimes Zero

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Lauderdale
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Compound Poisson ◽  
Compound Distribution ◽  
Tweedie Distribution ◽  
United States Federal Government

Political scientists often study dollar-denominated outcomes that are zero for some observations. These zeros can arise because the data-generating process is granular: The observed outcome results from aggregation of a small number of discrete projects or grants, each of varying dollar size. This article describes the use of a compound distribution in which each observed outcome is the sum of a Poisson—distributed number of gamma distributed quantities, a special case of the Tweedie distribution. Regression models based on this distribution estimate loglinear marginal effects without either the ad hoc treatment of zeros necessary to use a log-dependent variable regression or the change in quantity of interest necessary to use a tobit or selection model. The compound Poisson—gamma regression is compared with commonly applied approaches in an application to data on high-speed rail grants from the United States federal government to the states, and against simulated data from several data-generating processes.

scholarly journals Does Numeracy in Digital Journalism Increase Story Believability?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Gondwe ◽  
Evan Rowe ◽  
Evariste Some
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
Audience Appeal ◽  
Digital Journalism

This exploratory study contributes to the literature on numeracy in digital journalism studies by theoretically incorporating the audience/news consumers. While most studies have focused on journalists’ perception and role in the use of numeracy, this study examines how audience perceive stories with numerical values. Through an experimental design, and by comparing the United States, Zambia, and Tanzania, the study was able to demonstrate that news stories with numerical values diminished audience/readers’ affective consumption. In other words, news stories with numerical values were negatively associated with audience appeal. However, individuals with a lower understanding of probabilistic and numerical concepts seemed to trust news stories with numbers more than those with a higher level of numeracy. This was especially true in Zambia and Tanzania where most participants recorded lower numeracy levels. The overall sample in all the three countries seemed to favor news stories with less or no numeracy.

scholarly journals The FDSN: history and objectives

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. DzIewonski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Global Seismology ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Seismographic Network

The origins of the Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) can be traced to the summer of 1984. At that time, GEOSCOPE - the French global network of broadband instruments - was already well under way, and in the United States, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) had just published its Science Plan for Global Seismographic Network (GSN). There was clearly an opportunity and the need to involve scientists from other countries in planning for the future of global seismology. An ad hoc meeting of some ten West European seismologists had been arranged in August during the annual meeting of the European Geophysical Society in Louvain. This may be considered to signify the beginning of widescale international cooperation, even though this particular group eventually became the nucleus of ORFEUS (Observatories and Research Facilities for EUropean Seismology). Rather than taking an active role in deployment of new stations, it chose to focus on the issue of providing the service for data collection and exchange, with an important mission of developing the requisite software.

scholarly journals Peace Journalism in Framing Radical Islamic Issues in Bali

ADDIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ras Amanda Gelgel
Keyword(s):  
News Stories ◽  
Local Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Unit Analysis

Nowadays, radical Islamic issues has becoming an international’s issues. News stories in media filled by this issue. Even local media also put this issue in their agenda, like local media in Bali Province. Since Bali bombing in 2002, people in Bali have their own trauma related to radical Islamic especially terrorism. Media have the power to shape people’s agenda, and to shape people’s perspective in any issues. So, local media in Bali have power to influence how people in Bali to see and understand the issue. The research’s quetions is how the media in Bali framing radical Islamic issues in 2018? Unit analysis in this research are <em>Bali Post</em> and <em>Tribun Bali. </em>Both of them have the highest traffic and the oldest newspaper in Bali. Research is using Entman’s Framing Method, which focus in how media selected issues and what aspect is highlighted by the media during 2018. The result is peace journalism has been practiced in framing radical issues in Bali.

scholarly journals Exploring Critical Success Factors for Data Integration and Decision-Making in Law Enforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marquay Edmondson ◽  
Walter R. McCollum ◽  
Mary-Margaret Chantre ◽  
Gregory Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Critical Success

Agencies from various disciplines supporting law enforcement functions and processes have integrated, shared, and communicated data through ad hoc methods to address crime, terrorism, and many other threats in the United States. Data integration in law enforcement plays a critical role in the technical, business, and intelligence processes created by users to combine data from various sources and domains to transform them into valuable information. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the current conditions of data integration frameworks through user and system interactions among law enforcement organizational processes. Further exploration of critical success factors used to integrate data more efficiently among systems of systems and user interactions may improve crime and intelligence analysis through modern applications and novel frameworks.

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