scholarly journals Proteomic identification of galectin-11 and 14 ligands fromHaemonchus contortus

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4510
Author(s):  
Dhanasekaran Sakthivel ◽  
Jaclyn Swan ◽  
Sarah Preston ◽  
MD Shakif-Azam ◽  
Pierre Faou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Zinc Metalloprotease ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Affinity Column Chromatography ◽  
Host Parasite

Haemonchus contortusis the most pathogenic nematode of small ruminants. Infection in sheep and goats results in anaemia that decreases animal productivity and can ultimately cause death. The involvement of ruminant-specific galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) has been postulated to play important roles in protective immune responses against parasitic infection; however, their ligands are unknown. In the current study, LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 ligands inH. contortuswere identified from larval (L4) and adult parasitic stages extracts using immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 affinity column chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 bound more putative protein targets in the adult stage ofH. contortus(43 proteins) when compared to the larval stage (two proteins). Of the 43 proteins identified in the adult stage, 34 and 35 proteins were bound by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14, respectively, with 26 proteins binding to both galectins. Interestingly, hematophagous stage-specific sperm-coating protein and zinc metalloprotease (M13), which are known vaccine candidates, were identified as putative ligands of both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14. The identification of glycoproteins ofH. contortusby LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 provide new insights into host-parasite interactions and the potential for developing new interventions.

scholarly journals Proteomic identification of Galectin-11 and 14 ligands from Haemonchus contortus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanasekaran Sakthivel ◽  
Jaclyn Swan ◽  
Sarah Preston ◽  
MD Shakif-Azam ◽  
Pierre Faou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Zinc Metalloprotease ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Affinity Column Chromatography ◽  
Host Parasite

Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic nematode of small ruminants. Infection in sheep and goats results in anaemia that decreases animal productivity and can ultimately cause death. The involvement of ruminant-specific galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) has been postulated to play important roles in protective immune responses against parasitic infection; however, their ligands are unknown. In the current study, LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 ligands in H. contortus were identified from larval (L4) and adult parasitic stages extracts using immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 affinity column chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 bound more putative protein targets in the adult stage of H. contortus (43 proteins) when compared to the larval stage (2 proteins). Of the 43 proteins identified in the adult stage, 34 and 35 proteins were bound by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14, respectively, with 26 proteins binding to both galectins. Interestingly, hematophagous stage-specific sperm-coating protein and zinc metalloprotease (M13), which are known vaccine candidates, were identified as putative ligands of both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14. The identification of glycoproteins of H. contortus by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 provide new insights into host-parasite interactions and the potential for developing new interventions.

scholarly journals Proteomic identification of Galectin-11 and 14 ligands from Haemonchus contortus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanasekaran Sakthivel ◽  
Jaclyn Swan ◽  
Sarah Preston ◽  
MD Shakif-Azam ◽  
Pierre Faou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Zinc Metalloprotease ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Affinity Column Chromatography ◽  
Host Parasite

Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic nematode of small ruminants. Infection in sheep and goats results in anaemia that decreases animal productivity and can ultimately cause death. The involvement of ruminant-specific galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) has been postulated to play important roles in protective immune responses against parasitic infection; however, their ligands are unknown. In the current study, LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 ligands in H. contortus were identified from larval (L4) and adult parasitic stages extracts using immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 affinity column chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 bound more putative protein targets in the adult stage of H. contortus (43 proteins) when compared to the larval stage (2 proteins). Of the 43 proteins identified in the adult stage, 34 and 35 proteins were bound by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14, respectively, with 26 proteins binding to both galectins. Interestingly, hematophagous stage-specific sperm-coating protein and zinc metalloprotease (M13), which are known vaccine candidates, were identified as putative ligands of both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14. The identification of glycoproteins of H. contortus by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 provide new insights into host-parasite interactions and the potential for developing new interventions.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of human hookworm secreted proteins using a proteogenomic approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Logan ◽  
SS Manda ◽  
YJ Choi ◽  
M Field ◽  
RM Eichenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Proteome Level ◽  
Host Parasite

SummaryThe human hookworm Necator americanus infects more than 400 million people worldwide, contributing substantially to the poverty in these regions. Adult stage N. americanus live in the small intestine of the human host where they inject excretory/secretory (ES) products into the mucosa. ES products have been characterized at the proteome level for a number of animal hookworm species, but until now, the difficulty in obtaining sufficient live N. americanus has been an obstacle in characterizing the secretome of this important human pathogen. Herein we describe the ES proteome of N. americanus and utilize this information to conduct the first proteogenomic analysis of a parasitic helminth, significantly improving the available genome and thereby generating a robust description of the parasite secretome. The genome annotation resulted in a a revised prediction of 3,425 fewer genes than initially reported, accompanied by a significant increase in the number of exons and introns, total gene length and the percentage of the genome covered by genes. Almost 200 ES proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS with SCP/TAPS proteins, ‘hypothetical’ proteins and proteases among the most abundant families. These proteins were compared to commonly used model species of human parasitic infections, including Ancylostoma caninum, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Our findings provide valuable information on important families of proteins with both known and unknown functions that could be instrumental in host-parasite interactions, including protein families that might be key for parasite survival in the onslaught of robust immune responses, as well as vaccine and drug targets.

scholarly journals Prior exposure to long-day photoperiods alters immune responses and increases susceptibility to parasitic infection in stickleback

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1930) ◽  
pp. 20201017
Author(s):  
James R. Whiting ◽  
Muayad A. Mahmud ◽  
Janette E. Bradley ◽  
Andrew D. C. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Host Parasite

Seasonal disease and parasitic infection are common across organisms, including humans, and there is increasing evidence for intrinsic seasonal variation in immune systems. Changes are orchestrated through organisms' physiological clocks using cues such as day length. Ample research in diverse taxa has demonstrated multiple immune responses are modulated by photoperiod, but to date, there have been few experimental demonstrations that photoperiod cues alter susceptibility to infection. We investigated the interactions among photoperiod history, immunity and susceptibility in laboratory-bred three-spined stickleback (a long-day breeding fish) and its external, directly reproducing monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus gasterostei . We demonstrate that previous exposure to long-day photoperiods (PLD) increases susceptibility to infection relative to previous exposure to short days (PSD), and modifies the response to infection for the mucin gene muc2 and Treg cytokine foxp3a in skin tissues in an intermediate 12 L : 12 D photoperiod experimental trial. Expression of skin muc2 is reduced in PLD fish, and negatively associated with parasite abundance. We also observe inflammatory gene expression variation associated with natural inter-population variation in resistance, but find that photoperiod modulation of susceptibility is consistent across host populations. Thus, photoperiod modulation of the response to infection is important for host susceptibility, highlighting new mechanisms affecting seasonality of host–parasite interactions.

scholarly journals The three-spined stickleback-Schistocephalus solidussystem: an experimental model for investigating host-parasite interactions in fish

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. BARBER ◽  
J. P. SCHARSACK
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Schistocephalus Solidus ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Host Behaviour

SUMMARYPlerocercoids of the pseudophyllidean cestodeSchistocephalus solidusinfect the three-spined sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatus, with important consequences for the biology of host fish. Techniques for culturing the parasitein vitroand generating infective stages that can be used to infect sticklebacks experimentally have been developed, and the system is increasingly used as a laboratory model for investigating aspects of host-parasite interactions. Recent experimental laboratory studies have focused on the immune responses of hosts to infection, the consequences of infection for the growth and reproductive development of host fish and the effects of infection on host behaviour. Here we introduce the host and the parasite, review the major findings of these recent experimental infection studies and identify further aspects of host parasite interactions that might be investigated using the system.

scholarly journals Possible Roles of Ectophosphatases in Host-Parasite Interactions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta T. Gomes ◽  
Angela H. Lopes ◽  
José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Host Parasite

The interaction and survival of pathogens in hostile environments and in confrontation with host immune responses are important mechanisms for the establishment of infection. Ectophosphatases are enzymes localized at the plasma membrane of cells, and their active sites face the external medium rather than the cytoplasm. Once activated, these enzymes are able to hydrolyze phosphorylated substrates in the extracellular milieu. Several studies demonstrated the presence of surface-located ecto-phosphatases in a vast number of pathogenic organisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Little is known about the role of ecto-phosphatases in host-pathogen interactions. The present paper provides an overview of recent findings related to the virulence induced by these surface molecules in protozoa and fungi.

scholarly journals Does host socio-spatial behavior lead to a fine-scale spatial genetic structure in its associated parasites?

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Elodie Portanier ◽  
Mathieu Garel ◽  
Sébastien Devillard ◽  
Jeanne Duhayer ◽  
Marie-Thérèse Poirel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Parasite

Gastro-intestinal nematodes, especially Haemonchus contortus, are widespread pathogenic parasites of small ruminants. Studying their spatial genetic structure is as important as studying host genetic structure to fully understand host-parasite interactions and transmission patterns. For parasites having a simple life cycle (e.g., monoxenous parasites), gene flow and spatial genetic structure are expected to strongly rely on the socio-spatial behavior of their hosts. Based on five microsatellite loci, we tested this hypothesis for H. contortus sampled in a wild Mediterranean mouflon population (Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp.) in which species- and environment-related characteristics have been found to generate socio-spatial units. We nevertheless found that their parasites had no spatial genetic structure, suggesting that mouflon behavior was not enough to limit parasite dispersal in this study area and/or that other ecological and biological factors were involved in this process, for example other hosts, the parasite life cycle, or the study area history.

scholarly journals Genetic colour polymorphism is associated with avian malarial infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 20160839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gangoso ◽  
Rafael Gutiérrez-López ◽  
Josué Martínez-de la Puente ◽  
Jordi Figuerola
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Differential Ability ◽  
Host Parasite

Individual genetic diversity is predicted to influence host–parasite interactions. Together with the genes directly associated with immune responses, variation in genes regulating vertebrate melanin-based pigmentation may play an important role in these interactions, mainly through the pleiotropic effects that affect colour-specific physiology, behaviour and immunity. Here, we test the hypothesis that the prevalence of avian malarial parasites differs between phenotypes in a raptor species in which the genetic basis of colour polymorphism and its pleiotropic effects over immune functions are known. We found that dark morphs had a higher prevalence of Plasmodium parasites than pale ones but detected no such association for Haemoproteus . This pattern may be associated with unequal exposure to vectors or, as suggested by our circumstantial evidence, to a differential ability to mount an immune response against blood parasites.

scholarly journals Recombinant HcGAPDH Protein Expressed on Probiotic Bacillus subtilis Spores Protects Sheep from Haemonchus contortus Infection by Inducing both Humoral and Cell-mediated Responses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Guiheng Zhang ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Xueqiu Chen ◽  
Danni Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota

AbstractProbiotic Bacillales have been shown effective in controlling pathogens. In particular, live probiotic bacteria are thought to improve the composition of gastrointestinal microbiota, and to reduce pathogen colonization. However, how probiotics regulate immune responses and protect the host from parasitic infection remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether Bacillales can be used against Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode that infects small ruminants in sheep and goats worldwide. Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, we found that Bacillales was highly depleted in the abomasal microbiota of sheep infected with H. contortus. We constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain (rBSCotB-HcG) that express glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of H. contortus (HcGAPDH) on its spore surface. However, mice orally administrated with the rBSCotB-HcG strain showed strong Th1-dominated immune responses; and sheep administrated per os with rBSCotB-HcG showed increased proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, elevated anti-HcGAPDH IgG levels in sera, and higher anti-HcGAPDH sIgA levels in intestinal mucus. In addition, treatment of H. contortus infected sheep with rBSCotB-HcG (Hc+rBSCotB-HcG) promoted the abundance of probiotic species in the abomasal microbiota; it also improved the average weight gain of the sheep by 27.7%. These Hc+rBSCotB-HcG sheep have reduced number of eggs per gram of feces (by 84.1%) and worm burdens (by 71.5%), with alleviated abomasal damage by H. contortus. Collectively, our data demonstrate the protective roles of CotB-HcGAPDH-expressing B. subtilis spores against H. contortus infection, suggesting a potential value of using this probiotic-based strategy in controlling parasitic nematodes of socioeconomic importance.ImportanceSequencing of the infected sheep ’s stomach flora revealed potential probiotics that could control H. contortus infection, and further genetically engineered recombinant probiotic spores expressing parasite protein, and validated their good immunogenicity in a mouse model. In the sheep infection model, the recombinant probiotics have proven to be effective against parasite infections.

Mass spectrometry analysis of the excretory-secretory (E-S) products of the model cestode Hymenolepis diminut a reveals their immunogenic properties and the presence of new E-S proteins in cestodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Bień ◽  
Rusłan Sałamatin ◽  
Anna Sulima ◽  
Kirsi Savijoki ◽  
David Bruce Conn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Immunogenic Properties ◽  
S Proteins

Abstractis an important model species in studies of therapeutics, biochemical processes, immune responses and other aspects of cestodiasis. The parasite produces numerous excretory-secretory (E-S) proteins and a glycocalyx covering its body. Our study focused on the mass spectrometry analysis of the E-S material with an objective to determine if E-S contains any new proteins, in particular those that can be identified as: antigens, vaccine candidates and drug targets. These proteins might engage directly in host-parasite interactions. Adult parasites collected from experimentally infected rats were cultured

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