scholarly journals Lateralization (handedness) in Magellanic penguins

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Stor ◽  
Ginger A. Rebstock ◽  
Pablo García Borboroglu ◽  
P. Dee Boersma
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Side Preference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Lateralization, or asymmetry in form and/or function, is found in many animal species. Brain lateralization is considered adaptive for an individual, and often results in “handedness,” “footedness,” or a side preference, manifest in behavior and morphology. We tested for lateralization in several behaviors in a wild population of Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus breeding at Punta Tombo, Argentina. We found no preferred foot in the population (each penguin observed once) in stepping up onto an obstacle: 53% stepped up with the right foot, 47% with the left foot (n = 300, binomial test p = 0.27). We found mixed evidence for a dominant foot when a penguin extended a foot for thermoregulation, possibly depending on the ambient temperature (each penguin observed once). Penguins extended the right foot twice as often as the left foot (n = 121, p < 0.0005) in 2 years when we concentrated our effort during the heat of the day. In a third year when we observed penguins early and late in the day, there was no preference (n = 232, p = 0.59). Penguins use their flippers for swimming, including searching for and chasing prey. We found morphological evidence of a dominant flipper in individual adults: 60.5% of sternum keels curved one direction or the other (n = 76 sterna from carcasses), and 11% of penguins had more feather wear on one flipper than the other (n = 1217). Right-flippered and left-flippered penguins were equally likely in both samples (keels: p = 0.88, feather wear: p = 0.26), indicating individual but not population lateralization. In fights, aggressive penguins used their left eyes preferentially, consistent with the right side of the brain controlling aggression. Penguins that recently fought (each penguin observed once) were twice as likely to have blood only on the right side of the face (69%) as only on the left side (31%, n = 175, p < 0.001). The proportion of penguins with blood only on the right side increased with the amount of blood. In most fights, the more aggressive penguin used its left eye and attacked the other penguin’s right side. Lateralization depended on the behavior tested and, in thermoregulation, likely on the temperature. We found no lateralization or mixed results in the population of Magellanic penguins in three individual behaviors, stepping up, swimming, and thermoregulation. We found lateralization in the population in the social behavior fighting.

Case of Death from Undetected Injuries

1876 ◽  
Vol 22 (97) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Fred. W. A. Skae
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Serous Fluid ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Single Room ◽  
The Face ◽  
External Wound ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

J. T., a cabinet-maker, was brought to the Asylum from Stirling by two policemen, on the 29th July, about 7 p.m. A certificate of emergency had alone been granted, and there was no further information regarding his case in the form of admission. He was about 30 years of age. He looked in bad health, exhausted, and miserable, and his head was bound up with a handkerchief. He asked the attendant to be careful in removing this, as there was a frightful gash underneath it. When it was undone, however, there was no wound to be seen. There was a large black mark over the right side of his face and ear, which looked as if produced by gunpowder, mixed with a little blood. There was a drop of serous fluid in the ear. The patient answered questions intelligently, though in a languid, dejected manner. He put out his tongue freely when asked. It was foul. Pulse was about 80. The policemen stated that they had been informed he had attempted to shoot himself with a double-barrelled pistol, and that the police-surgeon who had seen him thought the pistol could only have been charged with powder. The patient denied this, however, and said that the pistol had been loaded with bullets. The policemen further stated that after apparently firing both barrels of the pistol at his head early on the morning of the 28th, he had attempted to drown himself in the river Forth. As there was no external wound, nor any symptoms of injury to the brain, and as it was about 40 hours since he had attempted to shoot himself, I concluded that he had missed his aim, and caused nothing more serious than a gunpowder mark on his face. He walked along with an attendant to one of the wards. He there conversed a little with the attendants, as he had been doing in the waiting-room before I saw him, and told them a little about his history. He mentioned that he was married; that he and his wife did not agree; that he had been living away from her for some time; and that he had been drinking pretty freely. He complained of thirst, and said he had a headache. He drank a good deal of water. I saw him again in about half-an-hour, and talked with him a little about himself. He looked ill and wretched, and complained of a tremendous headache. At eight o'clock he walked up stairs with the other patients, undressed himself, and went to bed in a dormitory. After going to bed he became very restless, kicked the clothes about, talked incoherently, and shouted for “John” (apparently his brother). About 10.30 he was removed to a single room. He walked quietly along, and got into his new bed. When visited about an hour afterwards, he was lying in bed, but talking nonsense. At six in the morning the attendant went into his room to waken him. He was lying dead on a mattress on the floor, with his face downwards, his mouth and nose being firmly pressed against the mattress. I saw him almost immediately. He had all the appearance of a person who had died from suffocation, and probably in a convulsion. The face and neck were livid and swollen. The tongue was protruded between the teeth; bloody mucus was on the sheet, and seemed to have come from his mouth and nose. A post-mortem examination was made at the instance of the Procurator Fiscal, by Dr. Moffat, of Falkirk, and myself, at 5 p.m., of which the following is a report:—

scholarly journals The Face at the End of the Road

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Tess Moeke-Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
The Face ◽  
Phd Thesis

In the bicultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori (people of the land) and Tauiwi (the other tribe, i.e. Pākehā and other non-indigenous New Zealanders), continue to be represented in binary opposition to each other. This has real consequences for the way in which health practitioners think about and respond to Māori. Reflecting on ideas explored in my PhD thesis, I suggest that Māori identity is much more complex than popular representations of Māori subjectivity allow. In this article I offer an alternative narrative on the social construction of Māori identity by contesting the idea of a singular, quintessential subjectivity by uncovering the other face/s subjugated beneath biculturalism’s preferred subjects. Waitara Mai i te horopaki iwirua o Aotearoa, arā te Māori (tangata whenua) me Tauiwi (iwi kē, arā Pākehā me ētahi atu iwi ehara nō Niu Tīreni), e mau tonu ana te here mauwehe rāua ki a rāua anō. Ko te mutunga mai o tēnei ko te momo whakaarohanga, momo titiro hoki a ngā kaimahi hauora ki te Māori. Kia hoki ake ki ngā ariā i whakaarahia ake i roto i taku tuhinga kairangi. E whakapae ana au he uaua ake te tuakiri Māori ki ngā horopaki tauirahia mai ai e te marautanga Māori. I konei ka whakatauhia he kōrero kē whakapā atu ki te waihangatanga o te tuakiri Māori, tuatahi; ko te whakahē i te ariā takitahi, marautanga pūmau mā te hurahanga ake i tērā āhua e pēhia nei ki raro iho i te whainga marau iwiruatanga. Tuarua, mai i tēnei o taku tuhinga rangahau e titiro nei ki ngā wawata ahurei a te Māori noho nei i raro i te māuiuitanga whakapoto koiora, ka tohu au ki te rerekētanga i waenga, i roto hoki o ngā Māori homai kōrero, ā, ka whakahāngaia te titiro ki te momo whakatau āwhina a te hauora ā-motu i te hunga whai oranga.

scholarly journals Is There a “Right” Side of Communicating Friendship? Lateralization of Social Interactions in Zoo Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3288
Author(s):  
Marzia Baldachini ◽  
Barbara Regaiolli ◽  
Miquel Llorente ◽  
David Riba ◽  
Caterina Spiezio
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Social Ranking ◽  
Macaca Sylvanus ◽  
Barbary Macaques ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Side Preference ◽  
The Right

Social laterality in non-human primates has started to attract attention in recent years. The positioning of individuals during social interactions could possibly suggest the nature of a relationship and the social ranking of the subjects involved. The subjects of the present study were 12 adult Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) housed in a zoological garden. We carried out fourteen 210-min video-recorded sessions and we used a focal animal sampling method to collect the position of the subjects during different social interactions. Data on the position of each macaque during three types of social interactions were collected (approach, proximity and affiliative contacts). Moreover, we focused on the outcomes of dyadic agonistic encounters to build the hierarchy of the colony. For each social interaction, two conditions were considered: the side preference (being kept on the left or on the right) and the sagittal preference (being kept in front or on the rear). Bouts of preference of different positions were collected for different social interactions (approach, proximity and contacts). No group-level side preferences were found for any social interaction, suggesting that both hemispheres might be complemental and balance each other during intraspecific communication. For the sagittal preference, we found a group-level bias for proximity, with macaques being kept in front rather than on the rear by close conspecifics. This might be due to the need to detect emotions and intentions of conspecifics. Moreover, high-ranking individuals are kept more frontally than on the rear when in proximity with other macaques. More studies are needed to better investigate social laterality, possibly distinguishing more categories of social interaction, and detecting other variables that might influence the positioning preferences.

In The Face of Financialization: Cities and the Human Right to Adequate Housing

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-130
Author(s):  
Kaara Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Full Sense ◽  
The Right

The right to housing is a human right with broad but frequently overlooked implications, particularly in the urban environment. This difficulty is heightened in the context of what is known as the “financialization of housing”. Financialization involves the interconnections between global financial markets and housing, and, at the extreme, has prompted a climate in which housing is conceived less as a social good and more as a commodity. The result of the financialization turn is cities with a severe lack of affordable housing, a reality that is now a global phenomenon. This naturally leads to economic exclusions and displacements from cities, but, on a deeper level, also entails major collective consequences for the social and cultural fabric. Financialization thus threatens the right to housing in cities, particularly when the right is examined and understood in its full sense. And yet, cities have a duty to ensure the right to housing even in the face of financialization. Drawing on the jurisprudence of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights through its individual communications procedure, the European Court of Human Rights, and domestic cases from South Africa and the United States, this paper aims to elucidate this duty of cities in the realm of housing. A substantive rather than purely procedural shape of protection for the right to housing is pushed, which deliberates the connections between housing and the wider societal context, and the implicated concerns of resources, property, and urban community. In present times, our appreciation of home as a necessary nexus of safety, comfort, and productivity has come to the fore, as have our fears around economic insecurity, forcing us to confront and closely interrogate the right to housing.

Face and Hands

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-180
Author(s):  
Vittorio Gallese ◽  
Michele Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Embodied Simulation ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Brain

This chapter discusses close-ups of the face and body in relation to film and neuroscience. The subheadings are “Touching in the mirror,” which introduces and discusses the opening scenes of Ingmar Bergman’s Persona; “The somatosensory system and multimodality,” which addresses the notion of multimodality, and explains how the brain processes touch and pain; “The social perception of touch,” provides an overview of how the brain processes the vision of touch; “Feeling the film,” in which scenes from Jean Luc Godard’s Une Femme Mariée are analyzed and a suggestion provided for approaching the notion of “haptic vision,” discussed by film theorists, from a neuroscientific perspective; and “Animations,” in which the authors propose that their model of embodied simulation can be used to explain the sense of presence generated by animation films, analyzing Jan Švankmajer’s films and Pixar’s Toy Story.

On the Early Symptoms of General Paralysis [Ueber die Frühsymptome der progressiven Paralysie]. (Allgem. Zeitschr. für Psychiat., B. lviii, H. 5.) Moravesik

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (202) ◽  
pp. 574-574
Author(s):  
William W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Date ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intellectual Power ◽  
Better Than

Amongst the early symptoms of general paralysis are mentioned disorders of digestion, wandering neuralgic pains, a diminution in mental activity, a feeling of tightness or beating within the orbits, flashes before the eye, sounds in the ear, with pulsation in the arteries of the neck and temples. The reproduction of ideas becomes sluggish. He cannot hit upon the right word, and has to use less appropriate expressions. His memory begins to fail him. Sometimes, on the other hand, the intensity of intellectual power seems increased, even while the patient is suffering from the troubles of digestion, loss of flesh, sleeplessness, inequality of the pupils, and heightened patellar reflex, and he is able to work as well or even better than usual. At an early date the patient becomes more emotional, and shows a sentimental distress at anything pathetic or unpleasant. He has paleness of the face and a blue ring around the eyes. There is often a rise of temperature during the night and an increased secretion of saliva.

scholarly journals New Legal Realism, Empiricism, and Scientism: The Relative Objectivity of Law and Social Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW LANG
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Legal Realism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complicated Form ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

AbstractIn this article, I suggest that one of the central characteristics of New Legal Realism is the productive tension between empiricist and pragmatist theories of knowledge which lies at its core. On one side, new realist work in its empiricist posture seeks to use empirical knowledge of the world as the basis on which to design, interpret, apply, and criticize the law. On the other, in its pragmatist moments, it explicitly draws attention to the social and political contingency of any claims to empirical knowledge of the world, including its own. As a consequence, it is distinctive of much scholarship in the New Legal Realist vein that it continually enacts creative syntheses of different philosophies of truth in an attempt to be, in Shaffer's words, ‘positivist . . . interpretivist, and legal realist all at once’. The first part of this article draws on existing historical accounts of legal realism briefly to trace the problematic and ambiguous place of scientism in the legal realist tradition. Then, in the second and more important part of the article, I argue that the ambivalence of the legal realists’ vision has left us, in certain contexts, with a complicated form of mixed legal-scientific governance which has proved remarkably and surprisingly resilient in the face of late twentieth century critiques of scientific objectivity. This may be one of the most enduring legacies of the ‘old’ legal realists for those today who work in the New Legal Realist vein.

Social assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic – first comments related to practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Beata Mańkowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Responsible Management ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the challenges and threats faced by social assistance institutions in the face of the second month of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, with particular emphasis on disturbing phenomena and behaviours involving employees of these institutions. The text, on the one hand, supported by examples derived from personal experiences and reports of the social workers themselves, on the other, by the author's observations and reflections, can serve as a warning against hasty, chaotic actions undermining the morale and reputation of the social assistance system. In the current particularly difficult time for all, it should pass the test in responsible management, coherent cooperation, developing effective solutions and missionary character – serving the ones in need.

The Other Side of the Paycheck: Monopoly Capital and the Structure of Consumption

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batya Weinbaum ◽  
Amy Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Index Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accumulation Process ◽  
Monthly Review ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Economic Function

The housewife is central to understanding women's position in capitalist societies. Marxists expected that the expropriation of production from the household would radically diminish its social importance. In the face of the household's continuing importance, Marxists have tried to understand it by applying concepts developed in the study of production." Yet obviously, the household is not like a factory, nor are housewives organized in the same way as wage laborers. As Eli Zaretsky has written, the housewife and the proletarian are the characteristic adults of advanced capitalist societies." Moreover, households and corporations are its characteristic economic organizations. Just as the socialization of production has not abolished the housewife, so accumulation has not abolished the economic functions of the household. Harry Braverman has demonstrated how the accumulation process creates new occupational structures, and he has documented the expansion of capital's activity to new sectors. We will argue that these developments also change the social relations of consumption, an economic function which continues to be structured through the household and performed by women as housewives.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-28-number-3" title="Vol. 28, No. 3: July-August 1976" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>

scholarly journals Ali Smith’s There But For The: Identity, Hospitality and Transcendence in the Age of Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Andrei-Bogdan Popa
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
Subjective Identity

Abstract The aim of this essay is to prove that, throughout Ali Smith’s There But For The (2011), the “narrative” subjective identity (Alphen 83) accessed via the face-to-face relation (Levinas and Hand 42), as well as through storytelling itself, is liable to be turned into archivable information under the pressures of a surveillance state in which its citizens are complicit. I will use this archival/narrative identity dyad as articulated by theorist Ernst van Alphen in order to investigate at length the novel’s staging of hospitality as corrupted by surveillance. I will oppose the notion of identity as information against Emmanuel Levinas’s conception of the face-to-face relation (Levinas and Hand 42), whereby true hospitality depends upon the mutual respect one person has for the absolute singularity of the other, which involves personal information and the right to privacy. As it will become apparent, these identities lose or gain agency according to the engagement of the self with a newly arrived foreign alterity. Thus, the arrival of strangers throughout Smith’s novel thematizes the scenario of hospitality in tension with the stranger as surveyor or as surveyed. The doubling of language, the self-editing of one’s discourse and the risky openness towards the Other are modes of resistance that eschew the artificial categorizations upon which the archival identity is contingent. However, the bridge from interiority to exteriority is mediation. Smith therefore develops a conception of secularized Grace that works by exploring the revolutionary potential of this very mediation and can disrupt the logic of tyrannical surveillance. Part of this approach to history and language is informed by the witnessing of the traces left on the bodies of martyrized dissidents by unjust systems at their apex. There But For The is narrated by four characters in the mediatic aftermath of a bourgeois dinner party in an affluent suburb of London that witnessed the sudden and unexplainable reclusion of Miles Garth into the spare room of his stunned hosts. The event, as well as those leading up to and following it, is recounted by a grieving nature photographer in his sixties named Mark; May, a rebellious old woman suffering from dementia; an unemployed, middle-aged Anna; and Brooke, a ten-year old girl and voracious reader. The essay will approach these characters’ meditations upon the nature of identity as split between its narrative and archival forms.

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