scholarly journals Use of the traditional halibut hook of the Makah Tribe, the čibu.d, reduces bycatch in recreational halibut fisheries

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9288
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Petersen ◽  
Jonathan J. Scordino ◽  
Cole I. Svec ◽  
Reginald H. Buttram ◽  
Maria R. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Pacific Halibut ◽  
Hippoglossus Stenolepis ◽  
Catch Rates

A previous study found that use of the traditional halibut hook (čibu.d) of the Makah Tribe in present day recreational Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) fisheries significantly reduced bycatch compared to paired 8/0 circle hooks. The study also found that the čibu.d had a significantly reduced catch of halibut, but that the reduction may have been due to manufacturing flaws in the čibu.d used in the study. In this two-phased study, we first compared the fishing performance of redesigned čibu.d made from four different materials: brass, stainless steel, plastic, and wood. In the second phase, we compared the fishing performance of the brass čibu.d with two common recreational fishing set-ups: a single large 16/0 circle hook and paired 8/0 circle hooks. The fishing performance of the redesigned čibu.d was not statistically different for čibu.d made of brass, stainless steel, or plastic. However, the čibu.d made from wood had significantly lower catch of halibut than the other čibu.d. We selected the brass čibu.d for the second phase of the study for continuity with the previous study of čibu.d and found that it had significantly less bycatch and a lower bycatch ratio than both the paired 8/0 and single 16/0 circle hooks. No significant differences were found in catch rates of halibut for paired 8/0 circle hooks, 16/0 circle hook, and the brass čibu.d. This study demonstrates that the improved catching performance of čibu.d on halibut and reduced bycatch compared to other popular approaches can be achieved by using brass čibu.d. Managers of recreational halibut fisheries should consider the use of čibu.d in areas where bycatch is a concern.

CLC 18.10LN

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract CLC 18.10LN is an austenitic stainless steel with 18% Cr, 9.5% Ni, and 0.14% N to provide good corrosion resistance at strengths above the other low-carbon stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-950. Producer or source: Industeel USA, LLC.

scholarly journals Evidence for rapid avoidance of rockfish habitat under reduced quota and comprehensive at-sea monitoring in the British Columbia Pacific halibut fishery

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1409-1420
Author(s):  
Robyn E. Forrest ◽  
Ian J. Stewart ◽  
Cole C. Monnahan ◽  
Katherine H. Bannar-Martin ◽  
Lisa C. Lacko
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
System A ◽  
Pacific Halibut ◽  
Hippoglossus Stenolepis ◽  
Footprint Area ◽  
Management Changes

The British Columbia longline fishery for Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) has experienced important recent management changes, including the introduction of comprehensive electronic catch monitoring on all vessels; an integrated transferable quota system; a reduction in Pacific halibut quotas; and, beginning in 2016, sharp decreases in quota for yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus, an incidentally caught species). We describe this fishery before integration, after integration, and after the yelloweye rockfish quota reduction using spatial clustering methods to define discrete fishing opportunities. We calculate the relative utilization of these fishing opportunities and their overlap with areas with high encounter rates of yelloweye rockfish during each of the three periods. The spatial footprint (area fished) increased before integration, then decreased after integration. Each period showed shifts in utilization among four large fishing areas. Immediately after the reductions in yelloweye rockfish quota, fishing opportunities with high encounter rates of yelloweye rockfish had significantly lower utilization than areas with low encounter rates, implying rapid avoidance behaviour.

Size Selectivity of Diamond and Square Mesh Codends in Pelagic Herring Trawls: Only Small Herring Will Notice the Difference

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2104-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Suuronen ◽  
Russell B. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Selectivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
High Catch

A twin codend trawl was fished in the northern Baltic to study the size selectivity of square mesh and diamond mesh codends of 36-mm nominal mesh size. For each codend, 15 hauls were completed with a small mesh (20 mm) codend deployed on the other side of the trawl. The relative size of the catches in the two sides of the trawl varied considerably from haul to haul (the separator section was not operating properly) and selection curves were estimated from each individual haul using a method that incorporated the differences in catching efficiency of the two sides. The length of 50% retention decreased with increased catch for both the diamond and square mesh codends, although in neither case was this relationship statistically significant. Selection curves fitted to the combined haul data were asymmetric. The square mesh codend retained significantly less small herring than the diamond mesh codend, and for larger herring the two codends had similar selectivity. In both codends, most escapes occurred at the front of the catch bulge, from the upper side of the codend. At high catch rates, mesh blockage was observed for several metres ahead of the catch bulge during the later part of the tow.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 15-5 PH stainless steel under different aging temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Chunhui Jin ◽  
Honglin Zhou ◽  
Yuan Lai ◽  
Bei Li ◽  
Kewei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Strengthening Mechanisms ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron

The influence of aging temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr15Ni5 precipitation hardening stainless steel (15-5 PH stainless steel) were investigated at aging temperature range of 440–610 °C. The tensile properties at ambient temperature of the 15-5 PH stainless steel processed by different aging temperatures were tested, and the microstructural features were further analyzed utilizing optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Results indicated the strength of the 15-5 PH stainless steel was firstly decreased with increment of aging temperature from 440 to 540 °C, and then increased with the increment of aging temperature from 540 to 610 °C. The strength and ductility were well matched at aging temperature 470 °C, and the yield strength, tensile strength as well as elongation were determined to be 1170 MPa, 1240 MPa and 24%, respectively. The microstructures concerning to different aging temperatures were overall confirmed to be lath martensite. The strengthening mechanisms induced by dislocation density and the second phase precipitation of Cu-enriched metallic compound under different aging temperatures were determined to be the predominant strengthening mechanisms controlling the variation trend of mechanical properties corresponding to different aging temperatures with respect to 15-5 PH stainless steel.

scholarly journals Teaching the pronunciation of sentence final and word boundary stops to French learners of English: distracted imitation versus audio-visual explanations

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maelle Amand ◽  
Zakaria Touhami
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Word Boundary ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
No Release ◽  
French And English

Studies on stop unrelease in second language acquisition have hitherto focused on the productions of Slavic learners of English (Šimačkova & Podlipsky, 2015) and experiments on Polish learners of English; the latter show the tendency to release stops on a more regular basis depending on the type of stop combinations (Rojczyk et al. 2013). In the present study, we aim to test the efficiency of audio-visual explanations as opposed to distracted imitation in pronunciation teaching amongst French learners of English. While unreleased stops are rather frequent in French and English - especially in plosives clusters (Byrd, 1993; Davidson, 2010), unreleased plosives in final positions are less common in French (Van Dommelen, 1983). During phase 1 of the experiment, three groups of 12 native French learners of English (level A1/A2, B1/B2 and C1/C2) were asked to read idiomatic expressions containing both homogeneous and heterogeneous sequences of voiceless stops straddled between words, namely, in sequences like “that cat” [dat˺ kat˺], and stops at the end of sentences like “I told him to speak” [tə spiːk˺]. In the second phase of the experiment, one half in each group was given a different task. The first group heard recorded versions of phase 1 sentences and before reading them out loud, counted up to five in their L1. Stimuli for imitation contained no release in the contexts under scrutiny. The other half had to watch a video explaining the phenomenon of unreleased stops with a production of phase-two expressions propped up by hand gestures. They were then asked to re-read the sentences given in phase 1. Based on these results the current study makes recommendations about what working environment should be prioritized in pronunciation teaching both in class and online (Kroger et al. 2010), and suggests ways to assess students and visually keep track of their progress.

The Impact of Composition and Sintering Temperature for Stainless Steel Foams (SS316L) Fabricated by Space Holder Method with Urea as Space Holder

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulaikha Abdullah ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Musfirah Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
The Impact

Metal foams are a cellular structure that has a solid matrix made of metal and has pores in their structure. Metal foams offer excellent combination of properties which led researchers interested in investigation in recent years. Closed-cell stainless steel (SS316L) foams for biomedical application were prepared by space holder method and the physical and morphological properties of SS316L foams were studied. Stainless steel (SS316L) powders as metallic material, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a binder and Urea as a space holder material were mixed homogenously to avoid the particle wrecked. This mixture was compacted using uniaxial pressing machine and pressurized to 8 tons to formed the green body. By using tube furnace, the SS316L foams was two-stage sintered, the first phase at 600°C for 2 hours to decompose the urea, and the second phase at 1000°C, 1100°C, and 1200°C respectively to sinter the steel. The porosity and density test was carried out by applying Archimedean principles, while morphological observation was done by using Field Emission Scanning Electron (FESEM). The samples with 40wt.% SS316L composition and sintered at temperature of 1100°C, leads to porosities of about 44.539% and show the potential as the best metal foams.

Improvement of Surface Texture of Stainless Steel by Utilizing Dry Blasting - 3rd Report: Effect of Blasted Texture on Adhesion of Plating -

2007 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushi Minaki ◽  
Koichi Kitajima ◽  
Yu Nakahira ◽  
K. Minaki ◽  
Moriyasu Izawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abrasive Grain ◽  
Limited Basis ◽  
Near Future

Recently, wet blasting is generally used such as liquid honing and water jet machining in surface before plating of stainless steel. The outstanding feature of wet blasting is to prevent generation of static electric charge, to use micro abrasive grain, and to have cushioning for workpiece. On the other hand, the disadvantage of wet blasting is to generate corrosion of equipment and liquid waste under processing. Moreover, the using abrasive grain is available on a limited basis. In particular, improvement disposal of liquid waste under processing is crucial in the near future. This paper makes proposal for improvement of surface texture by utilizing dry blasting, and it conducts improvement of surface texture about martensite stainless steel (SUS420J2 In JIS), which is used in material for scale. In the previous report, it has been cleared that relationship between surface texture and wettability. In this report, adhesion of plating was measured by scratch test. As a result, it was cleared that availability of adhesion evaluation by utilizing wettability.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Second-Phase Particle Dissolution and Abnormal Grain Growth in an Austenitic Stainless Steel

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Dutra ◽  
F. Siciliano Jr. ◽  
A.F. Padilha
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Phase Particle ◽  
Abnormal Grain Growth ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Particle Dissolution

Energy and ration requirements of juvenile Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) based on energy consumption and growth rates

1994 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Paul ◽  
J. M. Paul ◽  
R. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pacific Halibut ◽  
Hippoglossus Stenolepis
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