scholarly journals Universality vs experience: a cross-cultural pilot study on the consonance effect in music at different altitudes

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9344
Author(s):  
Giulia Prete ◽  
Danilo Bondi ◽  
Vittore Verratti ◽  
Anna Maria Aloisi ◽  
Prabin Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Music Preferences ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Italian Sample ◽  
Cultural Rules ◽  
Different Altitudes

Background Previous studies have shown that music preferences are influenced by cultural “rules”, and some others have suggested a universal preference for some features over others. Methods We investigated cultural differences on the “consonance effect”, consisting in higher pleasantness judgments for consonant compared to dissonant chords—according to the Western definition of music: Italian and Himalayan participants were asked to express pleasantness judgments for consonant and dissonant chords. An Italian and a Nepalese sample were tested both at 1,450 m and at 4,750 m of altitude, with the further aim to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on this task. A third sample consisted of two subgroups of Sherpas: lowlanders (1,450 m of altitude), often exposed to Western music, and highlanders (3,427 m of altitude), less exposed to Western music. All Sherpas were tested where they lived. Results Independently from the altitude, results confirmed the consonance effect in the Italian sample, and the absence of such effect in the Nepalese sample. Lowlander Sherpas revealed the consonance effect, but highlander Sherpas did not show this effect. Conclusions Results of this pilot study show that neither hypoxia (altitude), nor demographic features (age, schooling, or playing music), nor ethnicity per se influence the consonance effect. We conclude that music preferences are attributable to music exposure.

Conceptualization of negative emotions in modern linguistic consciousness (on the material of Russian, English and Slovak linguistic cultures: a contrastive analysis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-98
Author(s):  
Tatjana Grigorjanová ◽  
Marina Matytcina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Comparative Description ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cultural Rules

Abstract The article aims to provide cross-cultural insight into the examination of emotion “envy” through comparative description of the emotional worldviews in Slavic (Russian and Slovak) and non-Slavic (English) linguistic cultures represented in the form of the concept. The obtained results have allowed us to clarify some common and different features of Slavic and non-Slavic nations in the realm of display the emotion “envy” to explore cultural peculiarities of nations and to contribute to the professional training and practices of professional dealing with international communication. The article also seeks to enhance public awareness on the following important issues: how cognate are perceptions of Slavic and non-Slavic nations; what universal features and cross-cultural differences are in regulation, somatization, the degree of prototypically of a seemingly equivalent concept, and how cultural rules influence the shaping of meaning and the expression of the investigated emotion in discourse.

scholarly journals Weird people, yes, but also weird experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 84-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Baumard ◽  
Dan Sperber
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Psychological Differences ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Cross Cultural Studies

AbstractWhile we agree that the cultural imbalance in the recruitment of participants in psychology experiments is highly detrimental, we emphasize the need to complement this criticism with a warning about the “weirdness” of some cross-cultural studies showing seemingly deep cultural differences. We take the example of economic games and suggest that the variety of results observed in these games may not be due to deep psychological differences per se, but rather due to different interpretations of the situation.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Perspectives After Participation in the YES Program: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa E. Fuentes ◽  
Elizabeth A. Goncy ◽  
Kevin S. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Middle School Youth

Abstract:  Guided by empowerment and ecological theories, the Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) program facilitates character development through activities based in cultural differences, team building, and social change. This pilot study consisted of two focus groups (n = 13) of middle school youth conducted after their participation in an abbreviated version of the YES program. Specifically, the present study examined youth’s cross-cultural perspectives after participation. The focus groups were transcribed and coded for emergent themes using Heaton’s (2005) supplementary data analysis framework. Qualitative analysis resulted in two emergent themes: 1) enhanced appreciation for similarities and differences in cultural and ethnic backgrounds, and 2) the role of respect in understanding differences and confronting stereotypes. Specifically, youth reported that engagement in this program fostered positive awareness of cultural differences and respect for inter-ethnic relationships. The findings provide support for the benefits of the YES program on moral development and promotion of healthy peer relationships.

“We’ve Always Done It Like This …Except for a Few Details”: “Tradition” and “Innovation” in Okiek Ceremonies

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne A. Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Temporal Continuity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cultural Concept

How does any practice become canonized as tradition? What counts as tradition and what does not and to whom? What temporal continuity is required and how is it defined? This essay is about African initiation ceremonies, in particular the practices of the Okiek people in Kenya. Considering the many papers spawned by Hobsbawm and Ranger's book on the “invention of tradition” (1983), it may not be surprising that Okiek also construct their ceremonies as traditional. Despite the attention devoted to the topic, few essays evaluate their own definition of tradition or consider the concept critically and comparatively. An unexamined premise thus incorporated into them takes one of two forms: either the notion of tradition is more or less the same throughout the world, and cross-cultural differences are of no consequence; or some societies (traditional ones) do not have notions of tradition. This essay argues that tradition itself must be explored as an indigenous cultural concept which shapes and is shaped by different perspectives and processes, as shown by the ways Okiek endow their images of tradition on ceremonies to spin their notions of history and identity.

scholarly journals Problemi istraživanja self-koncepta, posebice self-koncepta mladih

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katica Lacković-Grgin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of

The results of the previous researches of the self-concept were often controversial creating so some difficulties for comparison and verification. The resource of these deficiencies was in the definition of ithe self-concept which was imprecise and unlike and also in bad metric characteristics of the instruments involved in the research. After well-known researches like Wylie (1974 and 1979) the new researches, encouraged by those, were divided lin 3 groups. In the first group authors examined the metric characteristics of the well-known and long used scales and they also constructed new scales serving for the measurement of self-concept. Those examinations showed the untenableness of some aspects concerning the uni-dimension of the self-concept. The second group examined the theoretical consistency of the self-concept and its relations to the related psychological constructs. The third group worked on the self-concept of youth which was different from the previous and it also and the cross-cultural differences. These studies supported a comprehension of th eself-concept of youth which was different from tile previous and it also supported an idea of a construct being examined within his own culture and also with the instruments available in that culture.

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