scholarly journals Change of direction asymmetry across different age categories in youth soccer

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9486
Author(s):  
Athos Trecroci ◽  
Alessio Rossi ◽  
Thomas Dos’Santos ◽  
Damiano Formenti ◽  
Luca Cavaggioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Directional Asymmetries

Background In youth, the development of change of direction (COD) and sprint performance is a key component for successfully competing in soccer across age. During a COD, the presence of directional asymmetries may be detrimental due to the unpredictable nature of the sport. Therefore, the aims of the study were to investigate asymmetries in COD ability and to examine the differences in COD and sprint performance across age in young soccer players. Methods Sixty-eight sub-elite soccer players of different age categories (U18, U17, U16, U15) were tested on a 10-m linear sprint test and 90°COD (5-m entry and exit) test in both directions. Asymmetric index (AI) of COD deficit was obtained for dominant (fastest) and non-dominant directions (slowest). Results The results showed that U16 were more asymmetrical than U18, U17, and U15 from large to moderate effects. The sprint time improved linearly across age with U18 and U15 displaying the fastest and slowest 10-m sprint performance (p < 0.01), respectively. Moreover, COD ability measured by COD deficit did not change across age (p > 0.05). Conclusion Given the results of this study, practitioners are encouraged to assess asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant directions rather than solely players’ COD ability in young soccer players.

scholarly journals M. biceps femoris architecture and sprint ability in youth soccer players: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ritsche ◽  
Thomas Bernhard ◽  
ralf roth ◽  
Eric Lichtenstein ◽  
Martin Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Sprint Ability

Background. It has been proposed that muscle architecture can be associated with sprint performance and the risk of sustaining a muscle injury. During puberty, sprint performance as well as muscle injury risk increases in young soccer players. In this study, we investigated the changes in m. biceps femoris long head (BFlh) cross-sectional area (ACSA), fascicle length (FL) and pennation angle (PA) and sprint performance as well as their relationship in under 13 to 15 youth soccer players. Methods. In total, we measured 85 youth soccer players in under 13 (n=29, age=12.5 y (SD=0.1), height=155.3 cm (6.2), weight=43.9 kg (7.6)), under 14 (n=25, age=13.5 y (0.3), height=160.6 y (7.7), weight=47.0 kg (6.8)) and under 15 (n=31, age=14.4 y (0.3) , height=170.0 cm (7.7), weight=58.1 kg (8.8) ) teams of three high level soccer clubs. We used ultrasound to measure BFlh ACSA, FL and PA. We performed sprint tests to assess 10m and 30m sprint time, maximal velocity (vmax) and maximal acceleration (amax). We calculated Pearson’s r and 95% compatibility intervals to assess the relationship between sprint ability, maturity ratio, chronological age and architectural parameters. In addition, we calculated the best set of predictors for sprint ability using multiple regression models.Results. All muscle architectural parameters increased from the under 13 to the under 15 age group (BFlh ACSA: 37%, BFlh FL: 11%, BFlh PA: 8%). All sprint performance parameters improved from the under 13 to under 15 age categories (30m time: 7%, 10m time: 4%, vmax: 9%, amax: 7%). BFlh ACSA was correlated with 30m sprint time (r = -0.61 (95% CI = -0.73, -0.45)) and vmax (r= 0.61 (0.45, 0.72)). The correlation for maturity ratio with assessed parameters were larger compared to the correlation for chronological age. A combination of BFlh ACSA, FL, chronological age and height best predicted sprint parameters. Discussion. Parallel to improvements in sprint performance, muscle architectural parame-ters increase from the under 13 to under 15 age groups. BFlh ACSA seems to be related to sprint performance in youth soccer players. BFlh ACSA and chronological age are the main predictors of most sprint parameters.

scholarly journals Influence of linear-sprint performance, concentric power and maximum strength on change of direction performance in elite youth soccer players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Kadlubowski ◽  
Michael Keiner ◽  
Tobias Stefer ◽  
Andreas Kapsecker ◽  
Hagen Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractChange of direction (COD) performance has an essential role in soccer. In the literature, there is a wide range of explained variance in correlation analyses between linear-sprint performance, concentric power and maximum strength and COD performance. Therefore this study has (1) analyzed the influence of linear-sprint performance, concentric power and maximum strength on COD performance in elite youth soccer players and (2) compared the calculated influence on the different COD tests. To answer the research questions, 67 elite youth soccer players were tested. The linear-sprint (10 m, [LS]) performance, concentric power (squat jump [SJ]) and maximum strength (1 repetition maximum [1 RM]) and COD (measured via the Illinois agility test [IAT], the 505 agility test [505], the agility test of the German Soccer Association [GewT], and the triangle test [TriT]) were assessed. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship. Benjamini and Hochberg’s method, which was used to control the study-wise false discovery rate, was 0.05. The LS performance had the greatest impact on COD performance with a wide range of explained variance between the different COD tests (r2 = 0.18 to 0.39). However, SJ compared to LS performance had lower influence, but also a wide range of explained variance (r2 = −0.02 to −0.29). Correlations for 1 RM and COD test were calculated with r2 = −0.01 to −0.09. Thus, (1) the greater the similarity between the performance tests (i.e., LS, SJ, 1 RM) and the COD tests, the higher the explained variance between the variables in question. Furthermore, (2) as the different COD tests are affected to different degrees by linear-sprint, concentric power and maximum strength performance, it might be concluded that the tests have a different physiological requirement profile. Therefore, coaches and sport scientists must review and select different tests with logical validity, based on the requirement profiles of soccer.

scholarly journals Effects of an integrative neuromuscular training protocol vs. FIFA 11+ on sprint, change of direction performance and inter-limb asymmetries in young soccer players

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110114
Author(s):  
Jorge Arede ◽  
John Fernandes ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Nuno Leite ◽  
Daniel Romero-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Group ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Neuromuscular Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A

This study compared the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) versus FIFA 11+ protocols on sprint, change of direction performance and inter-limb asymmetries. Thirty young (U-11) male soccer players (age: 11.2 ± 0.7 years; height: 145.6 ± 6.8 cm; body mass: 72.5 ± 3.0 kg) were randomly assigned to each training group, which consisted of two sessions/week for a period of 6-weeks. The INT consisted of play-based tasks designed according to structured training principles, whereas the FIFA 11+ followed standard procedures. Before and after the intervention, 0-20 sprint time and double 180° change of direction test were measured from which change of direction deficit and inter-limb asymmetries were also computed. Significant improvements were found in double 180° change of direction test and deficit for both legs in both groups (all p < 0.01). A significant decrease was observed in 0-20 sprint time ( p < 0.05), and inter-limb asymmetries for FIFA 11+ group. A significant group-by-time effect, which favored the FIFA 11+ group, was observed on double 180° change of direction in right leg (F = 15.08, p < 0.01, η 2 p = 0.35), but also in change of direction deficit in right (F = 214.19, p < 0.01, η 2 p = 0.88), and left legs (F = 126.79, p < 0.01, η 2 p = 0.82). These findings suggest youth soccer practitioners should select the FIFA 11+ program to improve inter-limb asymmetries and 0-20 sprint time, and that both training methods are suitable to improve 180° change of direction performance.

scholarly journals Improvement of Physical Performance Following a 6 Week Change-of-Direction Training Program in Elite Youth Soccer Players of Different Maturity Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorsaf Sariati ◽  
Raouf Hammami ◽  
Hassane Zouhal ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
Ammar Nebigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Change Of Direction

Background: Change-of-direction (CoD) is a necessary physical ability of a field sport and may vary in youth players according to their maturation status.Objectives: The aim of this study is: to compare the effectiveness of a 6-week CoD training intervention on dynamic balance (CS-YBT), horizontal jump (5JT), speed (10 and 30-m linear sprint times), CoD with (15 m-CoD + B) and without (15 m-CoD) the ball, in youth male soccer players at different levels of maturity [pre- and post-peak height velocity (PHV)].Materials and Methods: Thirty elite male youth soccer players aged 10–17 years from the Tunisian first division participated in this study. The players were divided into pre- (G1, n = 15) and post-PHV (G2, n = 15) groups. Both groups completed a similar 6-week training program with two sessions per week of four CoD exercises. All players completed the following tests before and after intervention: CS-YBT; 5 JT; 10, 30, and 15 m-CoD; and 15 m-CoD + B, and data were analyzed using ANCOVA.Results: All 30 players completed the study according to the study design and methodology. Adherence rate was 100% across all groups, and no training or test-related injuries were reported. Pre-PHV and post-PHV groups showed significant amelioration post-intervention for all dependent variables (after test &gt; before test; p &lt; 0.01, d = 0.09–1.51). ANOVA revealed a significant group × time interaction only for CS-YBT (F = 4.45; p &lt; 0.04; η2 = 0.14), 5JT (F = 6.39; p &lt; 0.02; η2 = 0.18), and 15 m-CoD (F = 7.88; p &lt; 0.01; η2 = 0.22). CS-YBT, 5JT, and 15 m-CoD improved significantly in the post-PHV group (+ 4.56%, effect size = 1.51; + 4.51%, effect size = 1.05; and -3.08%, effect size = 0.51, respectively), more than the pre-PHV group (+ 2.77%, effect size = 0.85; + 2.91%, effect size = 0.54; and -1.56%, effect size = 0.20, respectively).Conclusion: The CoD training program improved balance, horizontal jump, and CoD without the ball in male preadolescent and adolescent soccer players, and this improvement was greater in the post-PHV players. The maturity status of the athletes should be considered when programming CoD training for soccer players.

The influence of youth soccer players’ sprint performance on the different sided games’ external load using GPS devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Javier Yanci
Keyword(s):  
External Load ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Gps Devices

Effects of Limited Peripheral Vision on Shuttle Sprint Performance of Soccer Players

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen A. P. M. Lemmink ◽  
Baukje Dijkstra ◽  
Chris Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sprint Time

This study examined the effect of limited peripheral vision on the shuttle sprint performance of soccer players. Participants were 14 male soccer players of a student soccer club ( M age = 22.1 yr., SD = 1.3 yr.). They performed a repeated shuttle sprint with full and limited peripheral vision. Mean total sprint time and mean turning time increased significantly with limited peripheral vision. It is concluded that only turning during shuttle sprint performance decreases when sprinting with a restricted peripheral field of view, indicating the use of peripheral vision for the control of directional changes while sprinting.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Response and Match Repeated-Sprint Performance in Chinese Elite Youth Soccer Players

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Del P. WONG ◽  
Karim CHAMARI ◽  
Anis CHAOUACHI ◽  
Tze Chung LUK ◽  
Patrick Wing Chung LAU
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Soccer Teams

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The purpose of this study is to investigate the heart rate (HR) repose and repeated-sprint performance throughout the match among Chinese elite youth soccer players. Two elite youth soccer teams each consisted of 11 players participated in the study. The HR measurement and repeated-sprint test were conducted (age: 17.1±0.85, height: 173± 5.2cm; weight: 64.2± 8.1kg). HR was recorded every 5s throughout the match, while repeated-sprint consisted of three 30m sprints separated by a 25s active recovery period that was conducted: 5min before the match (T1), 5min before the end of the first half (T2), 5min before the start of the second half (T3), and 5min before the end of the second half (T4). HR was in the range of 160-169bpm for 25% of total play time, followed by 170-179bpm for 23.6%. HR during the 46-60min was significantly lower than other intervals (P<0.05), and repeated-sprint time at T3 was significantly slower than others. The intensity of the match was lower than those found in European players, indicating the cardiovascular fitness and repeated-sprint performance are needed among the players. High-intensity and low-volume interval training, and re-warm up before the start of second half are suggested in the training program. 本研究旨在測定中國青年足球運動員比賽時的心率及重覆衝跑測試表現。對兩支分由11人組成的足球隊運動員(年齡17.1±0.85歲，身高：173±5.2釐米，體重; 64.2±8.1公斤)進行了心率測量以及重覆衝跑測試。比賽時每5秒鍾記錄一次心率。重覆衝跑測試由3次30米衝跑組成，每次有25秒動態休息。重覆衝跑測試共進行四次，分別在：賽前5分鐘(T1)，中場前5分鐘(T2)，下半場開始前5分鐘(T3)及比賽結束前5分鐘(T4)進行。結果在25%的比賽時間內，運動員的心率在每分鐘160-169之間，其次是23.6%的時間內為每分鐘170-179。在46-60分鐘的比賽中，運動員的心率顯著低於其他時段(P<0.05),而運動員在第三次重覆衝跑測試時的速度顯著低於其他三次測試。本次研究結果顯示比賽強度低於歐洲青年足球員進行的同類測試，說明中國青年足球運動員需要加強心肺功能及提高重覆衝跑的表現。建議訓練時進行大強度低密度的間歇訓練，及在比賽中場開始前再次進行熱身。

scholarly journals Differences in Squat Jump, Linear Sprint, and Change-of-Direction Performance among Youth Soccer Players According to Competitive Level

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Michael Keiner ◽  
Andreas Kapsecker ◽  
Tobias Stefer ◽  
Björn Kadlubowski ◽  
Klaus Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Talent Selection ◽  
Selection Test

The aim of this investigation was to analyze significant differences in performance depending on the level of play (elite vs. amateur) in youth soccer players (under 17 years. old (U17) and U19). A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 45 elite and amateur male youth soccer players (16.56 ± 0.9 years old) were evaluated in their performances in squat jump (SJ), 10 m linear sprint (LS), 20 m LS, 505 agility test (505) and Illinois agility test (IAT). Differences in performances were analyzed with a 2 × 2 MANOVA, post-hoc ANOVAs, and Hedges’ g (g) for pairwise comparisons of subgroups (level of play and age group). This investigation showed that the elite player performance was significantly (p < 0.05) better in all performance tests than amateur players in both age groups. Interestingly, this investigation showed that the more complex the target exercise, the larger the effect sizes for group differences (SJ: g = 0.64–1.18, LS: g = 0.05–2.23, change-of-direction (COD): g = 3.01–6.84). The SJ, LS, 505, and IAT may prove useful in talent selection test batteries to separate between competitive levels in youth soccer players.

scholarly journals The Increased Effectiveness of Loaded Versus Unloaded Plyometric Jump Training in Improving Muscle Power, Speed, Change of Direction, and Kicking-Distance Performance in Prepubertal Male Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Senda Sammoud ◽  
Olaf Prieske ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Speed Change

Purpose: To examine the effects of loaded (LPJT) versus unloaded plyometric jump training (UPJT) programs on measures of muscle power, speed, change of direction (CoD), and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players. Methods: Participants (N = 29) were randomly assigned to a LPJT group (n = 13; age = 13.0 [0.7] y) using weighted vests or UPJT group (n = 16; age = 13.0 [0.5] y) using body mass only. Before and after the intervention, tests for the assessment of proxies of muscle power (ie, countermovement jump, standing long jump); speed (ie, 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprint); CoD (ie, Illinois CoD test, modified 505 agility test); and kicking-distance were conducted. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Results: Within-group analyses for the LPJT group showed large and very large improvements for 10-m sprint time (effect size [ES] = 2.00) and modified 505 CoD (ES = 2.83) tests, respectively. For the same group, moderate improvements were observed for the Illinois CoD test (ES = 0.61), 5- and 20-m sprint time test (ES = 1.00 for both the tests), countermovement jump test (ES = 1.00), and the maximal kicking-distance test (ES = 0.90). Small enhancements in the standing long jump test (ES = 0.50) were apparent. Regarding the UPJT group, small improvements were observed for all tests (ES = 0.33–0.57), except 5- and 10-m sprint time (ES = 1.00 and 0.63, respectively). Between-group analyses favored the LPJT group for the modified 505 CoD (ES = 0.61), standing long jump (ES = 0.50), and maximal kicking-distance tests (ES = 0.57), but not for the 5-m sprint time test (ES = 1.00). Only trivial between-group differences were shown for the remaining tests (ES = 0.00–0.09). Conclusion: Overall, LPJT appears to be more effective than UPJT in improving measures of muscle power, speed, CoD, and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players.

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