scholarly journals A Study on the Safety of Evacuation according to Evacuation Delay Time and Fire Door Openness: Based on Residence Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Dong-Gil Seo ◽  
Mi-Seon Kim ◽  
Seon-Hwan Gu ◽  
Young-Joo Song
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Safety Evacuation ◽  
Realistic Data ◽  
Fire Door

In this paper, the application of evacuation delay time (Cognition time + initiation time) and examine the degree of opening of fire doors in households for evaluating evacuation safety and suggest a realistic alternative. In order to proceed with this study, first of all, the preliminary investigation on evacuation safety evacuation of residential-type buildings (Apartment, urban living houses, etc.) among the performance-oriented design targets of Gwangju Metropolitan City, which was implemented until June 2018. Then, for the two representative types that are commonly used among the previously surveyed buildings, evacuation delay time is applied to W1, W2, and respectively simulating the opening of the doors is applied to th full open, 1/4 open, the leakage gap and evacuation safety evaluation was performed. As a result of evaluating evacuation safety was found that it is difficult to secure evacuation safety regardless of evacuation delay time W1 and W2 when the fire door is fully open and 1/4 open, Only when the leakage gap is applied evacuation safety was ensured even if evacuation delay time W2 was applied. Therefore, when a residential building is subject to performance-oriented design, evaluating the application of W2 rather than W1 is considered for evacuation delay time to reflect concern about privacy infringement due to CCTV installation, etc. In order to secure the Smoke blocking performance of the fire door and to improve the performance-oriented design, I would like to propose to consider the method of applying a leak gap to the degree of opening of the fire door. Through this, it is expected that the performance-oriented design will be a step further by performing evacuation safety evaluation with more realistic data.

scholarly journals A Study on the Improvement Plan of Performance-based Design of Officetels of Residential Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Young-Joo Song ◽  
D-ong-Gil Seo ◽  
Mi-Seon Kim ◽  
Hak-Joong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Improvement Plan ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Residential Structures ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Fire Door

This study aims to identify the effect of the occupant density, application of the evacuation delay time, and the degree of opening of the fire doors in the household, parameters that are used in the performance-based design of the officetels of a residential structure, on the evaluation of evacuation safety and to suggest realistic alternatives. To this end, a preliminary survey was conducted on the number and ratio of residential officetels among the performance-based design targets in Gwangju Metropolitan City, which were implemented up to December 2020. Following this, two representative examples were selected, and for each type, an occupant density of 9.3 m2/person and 18.6 m2/person and an evacuation delay time of W1 and W2 were applied. In addition, for the degree of opening of the fire doors, full opening, 1/4 opening, and leakage gap were applied. With these conditions, the evaluation of evacuation safety was performed for 32 cases. Results of the evaluation showed that evacuation safety was secured in all cases for an occupant density of 18.6 m2/person, an evacuation delay time of W2, and the application of a leakage gap to the opening of the fire door. Therefore, using the above mentioned three parameters for the performance-based design of officetels of residential structures, we have proposed a more realistic design method in this study.

scholarly journals Evacuation Safety Evaluation in the Event of a Fire in a Shopping Center with a Connected Passageway in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Seo-Young Kim, Ha-Sung Kong
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Evacuation Route

In this study, scenarios were developed to evaluate evacuation safety in the event of a fire in a shopping center with a connected passageway and to reduce Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). The RSET for all occupants by scenario is as follows: The first scenario which used the general evacuation route took 20 minutes and 7 seconds. The second scenario which used the third floor’s connected passageway for third and fourth floor, and using first floor entrance for first and second floor to evacuate took 14 minutes and 11 seconds. The evacuation time was 36 minutes and 52 seconds for scenario 3, which only used the fire escape stairs. The fourth scenario took 4 minutes and 19 seconds and used a connected passageway on every floor. Overall, this study shows that RSET for all occupants is reduced when a connected passageway is installed on every floor in shopping centers. Henceforth, more research is needed to determine whether connected passageway is a single firefighting object or a separate structure.

Spatial characteristics of open park spaces and perceived warmness in a tropical city

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Rosly Hanif ◽  
Chng Saun Fong ◽  
Logaraj Ramakreshnan ◽  
Wan Nor Azriyati Wan Abd Aziz ◽  
Ainoriza Mohd Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Animal Populations

Abstract Background: Rapid urbanization in Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan City (KLMC) has resulted in urban heat island (UHI) effect that deteriorated public health of the urban dwellers. In a motive of identifying the heat sources, this study reported the perceived warmness and the characteristics of Open Park Spaces (OPS) that induce the reported warmness of the surrounding environment in Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan City (KLMC), a tropical city of Malaysia.Methods: A cross sectional survey using structured questionnaires is conducted on randomly clustered respondents in selected localities of KLMC from January to May, 2018. Pearson correlation is performed to examine the relationship between perceived characteristics of OPS and perceived warmness of the surrounding environment according to three time slots of a day.Results: The outcomes demonstrated that respondents felt warm during nights (89%) compared to morning (75%) and afternoon (87%). Meanwhile, the existing OPS are reported to be equipped with a mix of biodiversity such as birds, rodents and insects (89%), a mix of natural plants and animal populations (88%), water bodies (88%), variety of plants (86%), well-maintained grass surfaces (80%), ornamental flowers (79%) as well as wooded pasture (78%) in their neighbourhood. As the maximum warming sensation is reported to be felt at nights, especially in the presence of water bodies (r= 0.318, p<0.01) and wooded pasture (r= 0.222, p<0.01) in the vicinity, the integration of heat ameliorators across the existing water bodies and wood pasture deemed essential to reduce the surrounding heat impacts.Conclusion: The findings of this preliminary investigation are useful for urban designers and policy makers to make tacit evidence-based decisions.

Improving Post-Earthquake Building Safety Evaluation using the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Rapid Visual Damage Assessment Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 415-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Didier ◽  
Salome Baumberger ◽  
Roman Tobler ◽  
Simona Esposito ◽  
Siddhartha Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Building Safety

A Rapid Visual Damage Assessment was initiated in the direct aftermath of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake to assess the safety and damage of residential buildings in the areas affected by the earthquake. Over 30,000 paper assessment forms have been subsequently digitized. The collected data set allows comparison of the observed damage to the residential building stock to the damage expected using existing fragility curves. Under certain conditions and respecting certain limitations, the post-earthquake building safety and damage data can be used to update the existing fragility functions for the Nepalese building stock. Recommendations are made for the improvement of post-earthquake building safety assessments in Nepal in order to: (1) make data collection more consistent, (2) increase the accuracy of the collected data, and (3) make more effective use of the collected data after future earthquakes.

scholarly journals Preliminary Investigation on the Use of Exhaust Fans in Dwellings and Their Impact on Energy Balance

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jean Rouleau ◽  
Louis Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
Canada Data

Exhaust fans in residential buildings generate energy consumption first by the electricity that they require when operating, but also by extracting heat outside of the building. Nonetheless, these appliances are essential to ensure good indoor air quality. It is thus important to study how occupants in residential buildings use exhaust fans and to assess their impact on the energy performance of buildings. In this paper, a preliminary analysis on these two topics is made based on measured data recorded from a multi-residential building located in Quebec City, Canada. Data show that the use of exhaust fans is variable from a household to another. It was estimated that exhaust devices accounted for approximately 14% of the energy demand of the monitored building.

scholarly journals A Study of the Direction of Evacuation Evaluation According to the Fire Alarm Method in Performance-Based Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Hur ◽  
Keesin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
A Performance

In performance-based design applied to domestic buildings, when evaluating evacuation by fire alarm, safety evaluation by single-floor horizontal evacuation contradicts the priority alarm method of the immediately upper and four higher floors, which is the fire alarm standard of the current firefighting design, making it difficult to improve evacuation safety through safety in performance-based design. Therefore, by analyzing the domestic fire alarm design standards and evaluating the evacuation simulation case by case for a single floor, immediate upper floor, and four floors directly above, the evacuation evaluation is performed through priority alarm evacuation according to the size of the building. It was judged to be suited to actual conditions. Therefore, a performance-based design is proposed as a method of evaluating evacuation safety by including the floor classification and providing an evacuation personnel calculation reflecting the priority alarm method above according to the size of the building and an analysis of congestion and evacuation delay phenomena.

scholarly journals Evaluating Fire Risk of Long-term Care Hospitals for the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Soo-Kyung Shin ◽  
Young-Hoon Bae ◽  
Jun-Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Refuge Area ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Refuge Areas

Long-term care hospitals for the elderly have a high risk of fire. To reduce this risk, the installation of a horizontal refuge area has been stipulated since 2015. However, most hospitals are still at risk due to the lack of retroactive regulations. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of the horizontal refuge area was analyzed through evacuation safety evaluation using fire and evacuation simulations. As a result of evacuation safety evaluation for the two hospitals, the reduction ratio of evacuation time was 70% (day time) and 77% (night time). In addition, evacuation safety can be secured through the installation of a horizontal refuge area. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for preparing retroactive regulations for horizontal refuge areas in long-term care hospitals for the elderly in the future.

The Design and Thermal Comfort Test for North Shannxi Green Cave Dwelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 3207-3211
Author(s):  
Hong Xia Yang ◽  
Tie Hu Duan ◽  
Yan Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Temperature Wave ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Northern Shaanxi ◽  
Design Style

To overcome the traditional cave dwelling lacks, we have designed a green cave dwelling area with a safe structure, improved infrastructure, fluent ventilation, good light in northern Shaanxi, which inherited simple ecology in design for traditional cave, integrated modern residential building design style, and increased necessary sanitation. By compared a traditional cave, the results show that the indoor temperature 9°C between the peaks and valleys of Northern Green cave dwelling when the outside temperature difference is 24°C within the test time, and seasonal temperature wave delay time is about 12d. The thermal comfort same as the traditional cave dwellings’.

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