scholarly journals A Study on Fire Hazards in Multiple Compartments with Lightweight Partition Walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Sang-Min Park ◽  
Su-Gil Choi ◽  
Se-Young Jin ◽  
Si-Kuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Urethane Foam ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Wall Unit ◽  
Recorded Data

This paper presents the study of a fire risk to the backside of two miniatures of ISO 9705 2/5 using a lightweight partition for indoor space division and reproduction of the ISO 9705 test. An SGP partition, stud partition, glass wool panel, urethane foam panel, sandwich panel, and glass partition were selected as the test specimens, which are frequently used in construction. According to the ISO 9705 test standard, stabilization was achieved using a measuring device that recorded data before the ignition of a burner and continued recording for 120 s thereafter. After ignition was achieved, the power was increased to 300 kW for 600 s and then reduced to 100 kW for 600 s. The specimens were subsequently observed for 180 s, and the fire risk to the backside and the fire pattern of the wall unit were analyzed. Owing to the amount of heat generated by the ignition source, the maximum temperature of the backside was observed to be 67.7 ℃ for the SGP partition, 55.1 ℃ for the stud partition, 52.4 ℃ for the glass wool panel, 727.4 ℃ for the sandwich panel, 561 ℃ for the urethane foam panel, and 630.5 ℃ for the glass partition. In the cases of the sandwich and urethane foam panels, the explosion of flammable gas occurred by virtue of fusion of the interior materials. The reinforced glass was fractured owing to the temperature difference between the heat- and nonheat-responsive parts. Ultimately, the fire risk to the nearby section room was deemed to be high.

scholarly journals SOCIALIZATION OF FIRE MITIGATION IN DENSELY POPULATED AREA AT JATI SAMPURNA, BEKASI

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
Anjas Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
Fire Mitigation ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The City

During the first quarter of 2019, from January to March 2019 there were 45 fire incidents in the city of Bekasi with losses ranging from Rp. 2,365,000,000 (based on data from the Bekasi City fire dept Service). From 45 events in the city of Bekasi, 3 of them occurred in Jatisampurna sub-district. Based on the type of object 45 events 15 of which are residential houses.With the data above, it can be said that the risk of fire can cause material and immaterial losses and can also cause trauma to fire victims. The importance of knowledge and information on fire hazard mitigation and how mitigation measures against fire hazards need to be conveyed to people who live in densely populated areas where the risk of fire is quite large. Laws or regulations on fire are not yet widely owned by most regions, so there are no special rules that can be covered in relation to fire risk.

scholarly journals Internet of Trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 750-753
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Web Server ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The frequency of the forest fires that have occurred in the different parts of the world, In recent decades significant population problems and causing the death if the wild animals as the impact of these fires extend beyond the destruction of the natural habitats. The proliferation of the Internet of Things industry, resolutions for initial fire detection should be developed. The valuation of the fire risk of an area and communication of this realities to the population could reduce the amount of fires originated by accident or due to carelessness of the public user. This paper proposes a low-cost network based on NXP Rapid IOT kit and Long Range (Lora) technology to autonomously estimate the level of fire risk in the forest. The system comprises of NXP Rapid IOT kit which humidity, air quality and detection of the tree fall. The data from each node stored and processed in a in a web server or the mobile application that sendsthe recorded data to a web server for graphical conception of collected data.

Methodology for assigning objects of protection to a certain risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Денис Валерьевич Зобков ◽  
Александр Алексеевич Порошин ◽  
Андрей Александрович Кондашов ◽  
Евгений Васильевич Бобринев ◽  
Елена Юрьевна Удавцова
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Risk Categories

Проанализирован международный опыт реформирования проверок соблюдения требований пожарной безопасности и внедрения риск-ориентированного подхода. Разработана модель отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска в зависимости от вероятного причинения вреда, который рассчитывается исходя из количества погибших и травмированных при пожарах людей. Сформулированы критерии отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска. Выполнен расчет категорий риска для групп объектов, однородных по группам экономической деятельности и классам функциональной пожарной опасности. Проведено сравнение с существующей классификацией объектов защиты по категориям риска. The international experience of reforming of fire safety compliance checks and implementing a risk-based approach is considered. There are presented methodological approaches to calculating the risk of causing harm (damage) in buildings (structures) as a result of fire for the purpose of assignment of buildings and structures according to risk categories as well as justification of the frequency of scheduled inspections at these facilities. There is calculated the probability of fire occurrence for a group of objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. The social damage expressed in the death and injury of people as a result of fire is also calculated in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. Classification of objects of protection according to the risk categories is performed using the indicator of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. This indicator characterizes the degree of excess of the expected risk of negative consequences of fires for the corresponding group of objects of protection in relation to the value of the permissible risk of negative consequences of fire. The permissible risk of negative consequences of fires is calculated on the basis of statistical data, taking into account the value of the individual fire risk of exposure of critical values of fire hazards on person in buildings and structures. The criteria for assigning groups of objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories are formulated on the basis of formation of distribution of numerical values of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. There are carried out the assessment of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires for objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, and also the risk categories of the corresponding groups of objects are determined. The proposed classification of objects of protection according to risk categories is compared with the existing classification. The obtained results of calculations showed that scheduled inspections of objects of protection by the Federal state supervision bodies, depending on the assigned risk category and with corresponding frequency, have significant role in improving the level of fire safety of objects. The decrease in the intensity of scheduled inspections, at the same time, may lead to a corresponding decrease in the level of fire protection of objects.

scholarly journals Effects of Welding Time and Electrical Power on Thermal Characteristics of Welding Spatter for Fire Risk Analysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6502
Author(s):  
Yeon Je Shin ◽  
Woo Jun You
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Welding Time ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

To predict the fire risk of spatter generated during shielded metal arc welding, the thermal characteristics of welding spatter were analyzed according to different welding times and electrical powers supplied to the electrode. An experimental apparatus for controlling the contact angle between the electrode and base metal as well as the feed rate was prepared. Moreover, the correlations among the volume, maximum diameter, scattering velocity, maximum number, and maximum temperature of the welding spatter were derived using welding power from 984–2067 W and welding times of 30 s, 50 s, and 70 s. It was found that the volume, maximum diameter, and maximum number of welding spatters increased proportionally as the welding time and electrical power increased, but the scattering velocity decreased as the particle diameter increased regardless of the welding time and electrical power. When the measured maximum temperature of the welding spatter was compared with an empirical formula, the accuracy of the results was confirmed to be within ±7% of the experimental constant C=112.414×Pe−0.5045. Results of this study indicate quantitatively predicting the thermal characteristics of welding spatter is possible for minimizing the risk of fire spread when the electrode type and welding power is known.

Assessing Social Vulnerability to Fire Hazards at the Kumasi Central Market, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Dacosta Aboagye ◽  
Samuel Adu-Prah ◽  
Christabel E. Ansah
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Method Approach

This article describes how social vulnerability indicators can assist with informing fire disaster relief preparations. Fire outbreaks at the Kumasi Central Market in Ghana have become an annual event. About 27 fire disasters were recorded between 2007 and 2016. This article uses a spatially-centered approach to assess human vulnerability to fire risk at the location. The study used a geographic information system to compliment indicators of vulnerability to assess the level of fire risk and adaptive capacities. Mixed method approach was also used to collect survey data from traders and emergency response agencies. Data sets were analyzed using SPSS and ArcGIS. The study revealed that: most of the damaging fires occur during the dry season; fire hydrants in the market are insufficient and inaccessible; and there are low levels of awareness on fire risk and weak adaptive capacities. The article recommends provision of more fire hydrants and mass education on disaster risk prevention. Also, the market must be reconstructed with fire resistant materials and designed to make it more accessible to fire emergency response.

scholarly journals Dynamic Analysis of the Evolution of Cereus peruvianus (Cactaceae) Areas Attacked by Phoma sp.

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Gyorgy FESZT ◽  
Lucica MIHALTE ◽  
Radu SESTRAS
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
A Value ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
High Level

Cereus Peruvianus (night blooming Cereus, or peruvian apple) is one of the sensitive species to Phoma attack. Photographic images can intercept a certain phytopathology, at a certain moment. The computerized analysis of such an image turns into a value the spread which the phytopathological process has at that moment. The purpose of this study is to assimilate the technique of achieving successions of digital photos of Cereus peruvianus f. monstruosa attacked by Phoma sp. Parallely with recording the images, with the help of Rhythm digital temperature humidity controller, were recorded data about the green house microclimate (air humidity-minimum and maximum, temperature-minimum and maximum). In the first stage of the study, the attack presents small fluctuations, reaching a high level in days with low temperatures. So, the most significant growths were recorded in the periods: 10. 02. 2005-20. 02. 2005 with an affected area of 10.97-8.82 = 2.15 and 11. 03. 2005-22. 04. 2005 with growth differences of 14.67-13.32 = 1.35. Generally, the affected areas grow in days with low minimum temperatures. The great advantage of this technique is represented by the possibility of using in situ in home areas of species or crop plants in fields. Repeated images, achieved in time, then overlapped, can provide important data on the evolution of affected areas.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Fire Risk Framework for Optimizing Construction Site Layout

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4065
Author(s):  
Rani El Meouche ◽  
Mohammed Abunemeh ◽  
Ihab Hijazi ◽  
Ahmed Mebarki ◽  
Fadi Fatayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Risk ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Layout Planning ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Site Layout ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
Construction Site Layout

Purpose: This paper aims to develop an efficient model able to reduce catastrophic consequences and the significant number of victims resulting from fires at construction sites. The paper proposes probabilistic modeling aimed to minimize the probability of failure of a construction site. Methodology: The developed model in this paper consists of modeling fire hazards, the vulnerability of the potential targets, and the risk within construction sites. The optimization algorithm called “differential evolution” is used in order to determine the optimal site layout, which is characterized by having the smallest overall probability of failure. A numerical simulation is performed to delineate an appropriate probability density function of the failure of the site. In addition, a geographic information system (GIS) is used to display the spatial variability of fire risk on a construction site. Findings: The paper provides an efficient model to enhance site layout planning and assign locations for supporting temporary facilities at appropriate positions within a construction site. The model is examined through applying it on a simple case study containing numerous facilities. All these facilities are considered vulnerable targets and some of them are potential fire hazards, with different intensity values. Value: Most of the previous research focuses on travel cost distance in developing site layout planning models. This paper fulfills the development of a valuable model able to generate an optimized construction site layout by minimizing the probability of failure of the whole site. It will assist the decision makers and the risk managers in identifying the riskiest zones on a construction site.

scholarly journals Fitting a stochastic fire spread model to data

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
X. Joey Wang ◽  
John R. J. Thompson ◽  
W. John Braun ◽  
Douglas G. Woolford
Keyword(s):  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Spread Model ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Model Variability ◽  
Fire Spread Model

Abstract. As the climate changes, it is important to understand the effects on the environment. Changes in wildland fire risk are an important example. A stochastic lattice-based wildland fire spread model was proposed by Boychuk et al. (2007), followed by a more realistic variant (Braun and Woolford, 2013). Fitting such a model to data from remotely sensed images could be used to provide accurate fire spread risk maps, but an intermediate step on the path to that goal is to verify the model on data collected under experimentally controlled conditions. This paper presents the analysis of data from small-scale experimental fires that were digitally video-recorded. Data extraction and processing methods and issues are discussed, along with an estimation methodology that uses differential equations for the moments of certain statistics that can be derived from a sequential set of photographs from a fire. The interaction between model variability and raster resolution is discussed and an argument for partial validation of the model is provided. Visual diagnostics show that the model is doing well at capturing the distribution of key statistics recorded during observed fires.

scholarly journals Analysis of Optimum Thickness of Glass Wool Roof Thermal Insulation Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohammed W. Muhieldeen ◽  
Lim Chong Lye ◽  
Nor Mariah Adam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Optimum Thickness ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Room Model ◽  
The Cost

Countries in south east Asia are mostly experiencing tropical climate conditions. Therefore, the use of the air conditioning has been increased to reduce the tension and achieve thermal comfort inside the buildings. In order to reduce the energy consumption, thermal insulation has been introduced to lower down the indoor temperature. The main objective of this study is to determine the optimum thickness of the glass wool insulation. To conduct the study, a wooden room model is built based on the classroom that located at one of the Malaysian universities. The thicknesses of the glass wool insulation used in the experiment is 25 mm (one layer), 50 mm (two layers) and 75 mm (three layers). According to the results, the maximum temperature reduction for one layer of insulation is 1.0°C. Two layers of insulation reduces the indoor temperature by 1.3°C followed by the reduction of 1.5°C after applying three layers of insulation. The convection coefficient outside and inside is determined to calculate the heat flux of the roof with different insulation thickness. The heat flux gained by the roof reaches the highest value at 1 pm which is 0.648 W/m² without insulation. The heat flux has been reduced to 0.629 W/m² after applying one layer of glass wool insulation. The heat flux gained by the roof is further reduced to 0.573 W/m² and 0.518 W/m² when two and three layers of insulation are applied, respectively. Throughout the experiment, the temperature inside the room is reduced with the increase of the insulation thickness. Two layers of glass wool insulation has been selected as the optimum insulation thickness which is validated after performing calculation using the polynomial function as well as the cost analysis. Two layers of glass wool insulation yields a 27.40% of ROI per annum.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fire Hazard on the Readymade Garment Industry in Chittagong City, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Rafion Islam Roman
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Average Condition

The Readymade Garments (RMG) industries are in Bangladesh is the largest contributor to the national export earnings and second largest in GDP of the country. Starting from the late Seventies as minor as well as non-traditional sector with a negligible of exporting, the RMG sector has dramatically grown up a geometric progression over the few decades. Although the country has a glorious history of textile, cloths and clothing’s from the ancient period of time. At present, about 75% of the total exports of the country having from this sector and one of the principle key points of employment. Over the preceding decade, fire and fire hazard is the continual problem in the country’s readymade garments industries. Only in 2012 about 169 people died and huge people are injured because of fire hazards in RMGs. Considering this as a crucial problem, the study was carried out a geo-spatial analysis on Chittagong Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) and Baizid Industrial hub of Chittagong city, Bangladesh. The study was mainly done by primary field survey while secondary sources were also used in comparing and basement of analysis. There are two types of parameters (Hard and Soft Parameters) generally used to assess the fire hazard of readymade garments. The research has been done by adopting the soft parameter, as exit door locked, emergency exit in the factory, fire extinguisher etc. The Fire Risk Index has been developed on the basis of 19 soft parameters. In Chittagong EPZ area 25 garments factories have been surveyed instantly to observe the current status of fire risk for the lack of 19 parameters. Results show that in CEPZ area for 19 parameters the mean safety is 90.45% or 9.55% deviation from the standard. On the contrary, the average condition of 19 parameters is 80.29% fluctuation from the benchmark in the Baizid Industrial area though it is considered as good condition but nearest to the average. Electric short circuit is the prime cause of fire in CEPZ area and also in Baizid industrial hub. At the eleventh hour, it is found from the study that about 80% garments in Baizid Industrial area under in good condition which is (10-20) % deviation from ideal case. On the other hand in CEPZ area about 80% garments are fallen excellent condition, it is only 8% seen in Baizid area. The study also reveals that there is no garments in both area which is in poor or average condition or vulnerable to fire hazards but in Baizid it is about 20% garments are fallen average condition or nearly vulnerable. Before conducting the study, it is seemed that it will be found the garments will be more vulnerable to fire hazards but at the end of the day it is proved as erroneous, for the recurrence of fire hazards in the last few years they have raised the magnitude of fire safety in almost every cases and now the garments are more secured in case of fire hazards.

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