scholarly journals The Role of Place of Delivery in Preventing Neonatal and Infant Mortality Rate in India

Geographies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Das ◽  
Barkha Chaplot ◽  
Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
At Home

Skilled birth attendance and institutional delivery have been advocated for reducing maternal, neonatal mortality and infant mortality (NMR and IMR). This paper examines the role of place of delivery with respect to neo-natal and infant mortality in India using four rounds of the Indian National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–2016. The place of birth has been categorized as “at home” or “public and private institution.” The role of place of delivery on neo-natal and infant mortality was examined by using multivariate hazard regression models adjusted for clus-tering and relevant maternal, socio-economic, pregnancy and new-born characteristics. There were 141,028 deliveries recorded in public institutions and 54,338 in private institutions. The esti-mated neonatal mortality rate in public and private institutions during this period was 27 and 26 per 1000 live births respectively. The study shows that when the mother delivers child at home, the chances of neonatal mortality risks are higher than the mortality among children born at the health facility centers. Regression analysis also indicates that a professionally qualified provider′s antenatal treatment and assistance greatly decreases the risks of neonatal mortality. The results of the study illustrate the importance of the provision of institutional facilities and proper pregnancy in the prevention of neonatal and infant deaths. To improve the quality of care during and imme-diately after delivery in health facilities, particularly in public hospitals and in rural areas, accel-erated strengthening is required.

scholarly journals Infant mortality: comparison between two birth cohorts from Southeast and Northeast, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdinar S Ribeiro ◽  
Antônio A M Silva ◽  
Marco A Barbieri ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Vânia M F Aragão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births

OBJECTIVE: To obtain population estimates and profile risk factors for infant mortality in two birth cohorts and compare them among cities of different regions in Brazil. METHODS: In Ribeirão Preto, southeast Brazil, infant mortality was determined in a third of hospital live births (2,846 singleton deliveries) in 1994. In São Luís, northeast Brazil, data were obtained using systematic sampling of births stratified by maternity unit (2,443 singleton deliveries) in 1997-1998. Mothers answered standardized questionnaires shortly after delivery and information on infant deaths was retrieved from hospitals, registries and the States Health Secretarys' Office. The relative risk (RR) was estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: In São Luís, the infant mortality rate was 26.6/1,000 live births, the neonatal mortality rate was 18.4/1,000 and the post-neonatal mortality rate was 8.2/1,000, all higher than those observed in Ribeirão Preto (16.9, 10.9 and 6.0 per 1,000, respectively). Adjusted analysis revealed that previous stillbirths (RR=3.67 vs 4.13) and maternal age <18 years (RR=2.62 vs 2.59) were risk factors for infant mortality in the two cities. Inadequate prenatal care (RR=2.00) and male sex (RR=1.79) were risk factors in São Luís only, and a dwelling with 5 or more residents was a protective factor (RR=0.53). In Ribeirão Preto, maternal smoking was associated with infant mortality (RR=2.64). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to socioeconomic inequalities, differences in access to and quality of medical care between cities had an impact on infant mortality rates.

scholarly journals Smoke-free legislation and neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil: longitudinal quasi-experimental study

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-054923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hone ◽  
Andre Salem Szklo ◽  
Filippos T Filippidis ◽  
Anthony A Laverty ◽  
Isabela Sattamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of partial and comprehensive smoke-free legislation with neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil using a quasi-experimental study design.DesignMonthly longitudinal (panel) ecological study from January 2000 to December 2016.SettingAll Brazilian municipalities (n=5565).ParticipantsInfant populations.InterventionSmoke-free legislation in effect in each municipality and month. Legislation was encoded as basic (allowing smoking areas), partial (segregated smoking rooms) or comprehensive (no smoking in public buildings). Associations were quantified by immediate step and longer term slope/trend changes in outcomes.Statistical analysesMunicipal-level linear fixed-effects regression models.Main outcomes measuresInfant and neonatal mortality.ResultsImplementation of partial smoke-free legislation was associated with a −3.3 % (95% CI −6.2% to −0.4%) step reduction in the municipal infant mortality rate, but no step change in neonatal mortality. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation implementation was associated with −5.2 % (95% CI −8.3% to −2.1%) and −3.4 % (95% CI −6.7% to −0.1%) step reductions in infant and neonatal mortality, respectively, and a −0.36 (95% CI −0.66 to−0.06) annual decline in the infant mortality rate. We estimated that had all smoke-free legislation introduced since 2004 been comprehensive, an additional 10 091 infant deaths (95% CI 1196 to 21 761) could have been averted.ConclusionsStrengthening smoke-free legislation in Brazil is associated with improvements in infant health outcomes—particularly under comprehensive legislation. Governments should accelerate implementation of comprehensive smoke-free legislation to protect infant health and achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal three.

scholarly journals KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PADA REMAJA TENTANG PERSONAL HYGIENE DAN PUBERTAS DI KAMPUNG PAMEUNGPEUK DESA CIKUNIR KECAMATAN SINGAPARNA TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Hapi Apriasih ◽  
Tupriliany Danefi
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
Hiv Aids

Seiring dengan  perkembangan zaman, masalah remaja makin bertambah di mana-mana khususnya di Indonesia.  Masa remaja adalah masa peralihan dari masa anak-anak ke masa dewasa. Masalah remaja di zaman ini bukanlah baru terjadi, tapi dari tahun sebelum-sebelumnya sudah sering terjadi, dimana masalah pada remaja yaitu pergaulan bebas,  tawuran, memakai narkoba, menonton film porno, meminum minuman alkohol, pesta pora dan masih banyak lagi masalah yang terjadi pada remaja.  Dan sekarang ini ada juga anak-anak yang masih duduk di bangku sekolah seperti SD, maupun SMP dan SMA sudah ada yang merokok, pergaulan bebas, meminum alkohol, menonton film porno, dan bahkan ada yang sudah hamil di luar nikah. Ini semua terjadi karena kurang adanya pengawasan dari orangtua atau keluarga, guru, dan pemerintah.  Masalah remaja tentunya  tak jarang lagi mendengar atau menonton dan bahkan melihat yang terjadi disekitar kita. Berdasarkan hasil Survei Kesehatan berbasis Sekolah di Indonesia tahun 2015 (GSHS) dapat terlihat gambaran faktor risiko kesehatan pada pelajar uisa 12-18 tahun secara nasional sebanyak 41,8 % laki-laki dan 4,1 % perempuan mengaku pernah merokok, 32,82 % doantara merokok pertama kali pada umur < 13 tahun. Gambaran faktor resiko kesehatan lainnya adalah perilaku seksual dimana didapatkan 8,26 % pelajara laki-laki dan 4,17 pelajara perempuan usia 12-18 tahun pernah melakukan hubungan seksual. Perilaku seks pranikah tentunya memberikan dampak yang luas pada remaja terutama berkaitan dengan penularan penyakit dan kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan serta aborsi. Kehamilan pada remaja tidak hanya berpengaruh terhadap kondisi fisik, mental dan sosial remaja tetapi juga meningkatkan resiko kematian bayi dan balita, seperti yang ditunjukkan SDKI 2012 dimana kehamilan dan persalinan pada ibu dibawah umur 20 tahun memiliki kontribusi dalam tingginya Neonatal Mortality Rate (34/1000 KH), Postnatal Mortality Rate (16/1000 KH), Infant Mortality Rate (50/1000 KH) dan under -5 Mortality Rate (61/1000 KH). Laporan triwulan Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (Ditjen P2PL) mulai 1987 sampai dengan Maret 2017 menunjukkan bahwa tingginya angka kejadian AIDS di kelompok usia 20-29 tahun mengindikasikan kelompok tersebut pertama kali terkena HIV pada usia remaja. Di Desa Cikunir merupakan desa di wilayah Puskesmas Singaparna yang terdiri dari 3 dusun yaitu Gunung Kawung, Pameungpeuk, dan Anggaraja. Melalui kegiatan praktik kerja nyata mahasiswa Program Studi Kebidanan STIKes Respati Tasikmalaya melalui focus grup discucion (FGD) diperoleh informasi dari 35 responden remaja sebagai berikut 48,7 % belum mengetahui kesehatan reproduksi khususnya terkait infeksi menular seksual, 45,71 % sudah mempunyai pcar, 51,43 % tidak mengetahui tentang HIV/AIDS, 22,86% tidak mengetahui dampai pernikahan dini, dan 11,43 % setuju dengan pernikahan dini. Berdasarkan data tersebut diketahui bahwa pengetahuan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi remaja masih kurang dan akan berdampak pada permasalahan yang serius maka menjadi hal yang sangat penting untuk adanya upaya dalam hal peningkatan pengetahuan remaja , oleh karena diselenggarakan kegiatan penyuluhan tentang personal higyene dan masa pubertas pada remaja.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penerapan Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K) terhadap Kematian Neonatal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Homsiatur Rohmatin ◽  
Agustina Widayati
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Newborn Mortality ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

 Abstrak Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K) merupakan program pemerintah dalam penurunan angka kematian ibu dan bayi baru lahir. Angka kematian bayi (AKB) di Indonesia masih tinggi dimana Kabupaten Probolinggo merupakan salah satu penyumbang tertinggi. P4K merupakan tanggung jawab bidan, ibu hamil, suami, dan keluarga. Masih tingginya kematian neonatal di Kabupaten Probolinggo, diduga karena kurangnya peran aktif ibu, suami, dan keluarga dalam penerapan P4K. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penerapan P4K terhadap kematian neonatal di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Rancang bangun penelitian adalah crossectional dengan populasi seluruh ibu yang mempunyai bayi lahir hidup atau mati (usia 0-28 hari) yang mendapatkan stiker P4K. Teknik sampling menggunakan accidental sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebagian ibu yang mempunyai bayi lahir hidup atau mati (usia 0-28 hari) yang mendapatkan stiker P4K. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Uunivariat, bivariat dan multivariat digunakan dalam menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menginformasikan sebagian besar ibu, suami, dan keluarga kurang berperan aktif. Sehingga ada pengaruh penerapan P4K terhadap kematian neonatal. Untuk itu, diperlukan peran aktif kader posyandu dalam memotivasi dan mendampingi ibu, suami dan keluarga dalam penerapan P4K sebagai upaya menurunkan kematian neonatal.  Kata kunci  : P4K, kematian neonatal, stiker  Abstract           The Maternity and Complication Prevention Planning Program (P4K) is a government program in reducing maternal and newborn mortality. The infant mortality rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high where Probolinggo District is one of the highest contributors. P4K is the responsibility of midwives, pregnant women, husbands and families. The high neonatal mortality rate in Probolinggo Regency is allegedly due to the lack of active role of mothers, husbands, and families in implementing P4K. This study aimed to analyze the effect of P4K application on neonatal mortality in Probolinggo District. The research design was cross-sectional with the population of all mothers who had live or dead babies (aged 0-28 days) who received P4K stickers. The sampling technique used accidental sampling. The sample of this study was that some mothers who have babies born alive or dead (age 0-28 days) who got P4K stickers. Data collection used questionnaires and interviews. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate were used to analyze the data. The results of the study informed that most mothers, husbands, and families were less active. Therefore, there was an effect of applying P4K to neonatal mortality. It is suggested for posyandu cadres to have an active role in motivating and assisting mothers, husbands and families in implementing P4K as an effort to reduce neonatal mortality.Keywords    : P4K, neonatal mortality, sticker

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of under-five mortality in rural Agra

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3108
Author(s):  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Srivastava ◽  
S. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Live Births

Background: One of the most important indicator or index of socio-economic development of a country or region is infant mortality rate. The present study was undertaken to assess the quantum of childhood mortality and to find out the social factors associated with these deaths by verbal autopsies. Methods: This one year cross-sectional study was undertaken in a purposively selected community Development Block Sainyan, district Agra among children aged between 0-5 years using multistage random sampling technique. Suitable statistical methods were applied. Results: Out of total 8355 families surveyed, a total of 185 deaths were reported among children. Number of deaths was higher among those belonging to nuclear family and lower socioeconomic status. The neonatal mortality rate was estimated to be 33.55/1000 live births. The post neonatal mortality rate was found to be 40.78/1000 live births and infant mortality rate was 74.33/1000 live births. Mortality rate in 1-5 year age group children was 10.6/1000 same age group children, while 0-5 yrs. mortality was estimated to be 22.39/1000 children of same age group. Out of 185 children who died, 52.7% were unimmunized and another 35.67% were partially immunized. Conclusions: Female education and socioeconomic well-being should be strengthened. 

scholarly journals Infant mortality rates according to socioeconomic status in a Brazilian city

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Zubaran Goldani ◽  
Marco Antonio Barbieri ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Marisa Ramos Barbieri ◽  
Andrew Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Area

OBJECTIVE: Data from municipal databases can be used to plan interventions aimed at reducing inequities in health care. The objective of the study was to determine the distribution of infant mortality according to an urban geoeconomic classification using routinely collected municipal data. METHODS: All live births (total of 42,381) and infant deaths (total of 731) that occurred between 1994 and 1998 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, were considered. Four different geoeconomic areas were defined according to the family head's income in each administrative urban zone. RESULTS: The trends for infant mortality rate and its different components, neonatal mortality rate and post-neonatal mortality rate, decreased in Ribeirão Preto from 1994 to 1998 (chi-square for trend, p<0.05). These rates were inversely correlated with the distribution of lower salaries in the geoeconomic areas (less than 5 minimum wages per family head), in particular the post-neonatal mortality rate (chi-square for trend, p<0.05). Finally, the poor area showed a steady increase in excess infant mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that infant mortality rates are associated with social inequality and can be monitored using municipal databases. The findings also suggest an increase in the impact of social inequality on infant health in Ribeirão Preto, especially in the poor area. The monitoring of health inequalities using municipal databases may be an increasingly more useful tool given the continuous decentralization of health management at the municipal level in Brazil.

scholarly journals PERAN BIDAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PERMENKES NOMOR 631/MENKES/ PER/III/2011 SEBAGAIMANA TELAH DIUBAH DENGAN PERMENKES NOMOR 2562/MENKES/PER/XII/2011 TENTANG PETUNJUK TEKNIS JAMINAN PERSALINAN (Studi Kasus Pelayanan Kebidanan Di RSUD dr. H. Soewondo Kendal

SOEPRA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
. Sariyati ◽  
Endang Wahyati Y ◽  
C. Tjahjono Kuntjoro
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Delivery Service ◽  
Service Assurance

The role of midwives in service delivery assurance in dr. H. Soewondo Kendal based on Permenkes No. 2562/MENKES /PER/XII/2011 on Technical Guidelines for Labor Warranty. The aim is to implement the appropriate authority midwifery services, with the ultimate goal of reducing the MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate) and IMR (Infant Mortality Rate). If viewed from Permenkes 1464/Menkes /Per/X/2010 number of licenses and the implementation of midwifery practice, it is not really appropriate authority for the role of the midwife in the hospital to service delivery is a delivery service assurance of advanced midwives in hospitals. The scope of service includes pregnant women, maternity (risti), childbirth, newborns, family planning and treatment of complications in obstetrics. So based on the authority role of the midwife in the hospital should not be for the scope of services for maternity delivery guarantee (risti) and treatment of complications in obstetrics

The role of national rural health mission in reducing infant mortality rate in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Pandey ◽  
Arvind Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
National Rural Health Mission ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in reducing Infant Mortality in India. The study will help the government in deciding its future course of action regarding the infant mortality rate (IMR) reduction in India. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts the interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) approach with a control group to study the role of NRHM in reducing the IMR in India. The authors examined infant mortality in rural areas of India for the level and trend change before and after the implementation of NRHM. The authors then applied a suitable ARMA model to estimate the coefficients of the regression model. From the estimated results, the study predicts the counterfactuals for both the rural IMR and urban IMR and plots the results. Findings The study found the evidence supporting the hypotheses that the NRHM has led to a reduction in the difference between urban IMR and rural IMR. The research shows that the rural IMR declined at steeper rates in the post-NRHM period (2005–2015). Originality/value None of the existing studies analyses the impact of a social scheme like NRHM on the reduction of IMR in India by applying the ITSA. The study is unique as it estimates the counterfactuals and plots the results which show the impact of NRHM on reducing IMR.

Role of the environment in the decline of infant mortality: an analysis of the 1911 Census of England and Wales

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Watterson
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
The Subject

SummaryThis study tests the proposition that the contribution of environmental factors to the reduction of infant mortality early in the twentieth century was greater than that made by the alleviation of poverty. The estimates were obtained from retrospective reports of women enumerated at the 1911 Census, and covered the period from approximately 1895 to 1910. Infant mortality by father's occupation underwent an average decline of 35% from a peak infant mortality rate (IMR) of 132, with wide variation. The removal of poor (usually urban) residential conditions was probably associated with the decline, but, except at the extremes, income did not explain the differences. In the 97 great towns, the subject of this study, where the average decline in IMR was also 35% from a peak of 146, the rate of urbanization over 20 years accounted for a significant proportion of the differential decline, and measures of poverty added little to the explanation. This conclusion survived multivariate analysis using urban development and poverty level as explanatory variables, and controlling for fertility decline and selective migration.

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