scholarly journals FUNDAMENTAL VARIABLES AND PRECONDITIONS OF PEOPLE’S DEMOCRACY IN PERIPHERAL COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO SAMIR AMIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (61) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
World System ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Road ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Way

ccording to Amin, there are two fundamental variables about the concept “people's democracy.” The first is that people's democracy emerges from the political and social demands of the "working classes." So, neoliberal bourgeoisie and companies integrated into the global economy have nothing to do with people’s democracy. The second fundamental variable is that the principle of "equality" constitutes the backbone of people’s democracy. This equality is not about economy or culture alone. It includes freedom of expression and association, participation of large segments of society in the state administration, and equality of women and men, as well as transfer of the ownership of means of production to workers. According to Amin, if any of these components of equality is compromised, it is impossible to talk about people's democracy. After analyzing the fundamental variables of the concept of people's democracy in this way, Samir Amin describes its necessary preconditions. These preconditions are "secularism" and "break with the capitalist world system," in order of importance. Compromising any of these two preconditions will pave the way for a decisive failure on the road to create people's democracy for the periphery countries. A fact confirmed by the experiences of periphery countries in modernization and socialism in the 20th century is that the countries that have failed to realize the principle of secularism or chosen the way of “catching up with” developed capitalist countries without breaking with the capitalist world system have not been able to reach these goals. Keywords: Historical materialism, social classes, socialism, democracy, secularism, gender

scholarly journals Hope found, hope lost – eschatological aspects in the interpretations of Israelites’ wilderness wanderings. Two sides of one story: Origen’s 27. Homily on the Book of Numbers and Jerome’s Letter 78

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 727-742
Author(s):  
Marcin Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rich Picture ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
The Future ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Allegorical Interpretation ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Way

The writings of Origen and Jerome, which are the source of the article, al­though in a different literary form – a homily and a letter – and written for a diffe­rent purpose and at different times, both are exegesis of the chapter 33 of the Book of Numbers in which the stops of the Israelites in the desert on the road to the Promised Land are described. Both texts are the classic examples of allegorical interpretation of the Scripture. Both authors interpret the 42 “stages” of Israel’s wilderness wanderings above all as God’s roadmap for the spiritual growth of individual believers, but there are present as well eschatological elements in their interpretations. In the presented paper there are shown these eschatological ideas of both authors included in their interpretations of the wandering of the Chosen People on their way to the Promised Land, sources of their interpretations, simi­larities and differences, and the dependence of Jerome on Origen in the interpre­tation of the stages, with the focuse on the idea of realized eschatology, present in Alexandrinian’s work. Origen has presented in his interpretation a very rich picture of the future hope, but Jerome almost nothing mentioned in his letter about hopes of the way towards God after death.

No Stone Unturned: Popular Versus Professional Evaluations of Willa Cather

Prospects ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stineback
Keyword(s):  
Willa Cather ◽  
White Hair ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Road ◽  
Divine Wisdom ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Prayer Meetings ◽  
The Way ◽  
Song Of The Lark

In The Song of the Lark (Willa Cather's third novel, published in 1915), Thea Kronberg goes to one of her father's regular prayer meetings in Moonstone, Colorado, and hears an old woman who “never missed a Wednesday night [and] came all the way up from the depot settlement.” Cather describes the woman this way:She always wore a black crocheted “fascinator” over her thin white hair, and she made long, tremulous prayers, full of railroad terminology. She had six sons in the service of different railroads, and she always prayed “for the boys on the road, who know not at what moment they may be cut off. When, in Thy divine wisdom, their hour is upon them, may they, O our Heavenly Father, see only white lights along the road to Eternity.” She used to speak, too, of “the engines that race with death”; and though she looked so old and little when she was on her knees, and her voice was so shaky, her prayers had a thrill of speed and danger in them; they made one think of the deep black cañons, the slender trestles, the pounding trains. Thea liked to look at her sunken eyes that seemed full of wisdom, at her black thread gloves, much too long in the fingers and so meekly folded one over the other. Her face was brown, and worn away as rocks are worn by water. There are many ways of describing that colour of age, but in reality it is not like parchment, or like any of the things it is said to be like. That brownness and that texture of skin are found only in the faces of old human creatures, who have worked hard and who have always been poor.

Theology and the Transformation of Society

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Richard Shaull
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Reinhold Niebuhr ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Future ◽  
Transcendent Reality ◽  
Ontological Categories ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Way

“At a time when neo-orthodox theology was dominant, [Reinhold] Niebuhr was able to use effectively, with far-reaching social consequences, the metaphysical-ontological categories of transcendence. Today it is important to recognize not only that these concepts have little meaning for another generation, but also that the biblical symbols point us in a different direction. The transcendent reality described in the biblical myths and images is not so much the God who stands above all human attainments, judging them and raising man to a higher order, but the God who goes ahead of us, opening the way for greater fulfillment on the road to the future. He is one whose actions in the totality of man's hisotyr lead to new events that open new possibilities. Thus the basic Christian symbols suggest that human life is free because it is lived, in history, in the context of ‘gracious’ sovereignty.”

scholarly journals A CRITICISM OF CULTURALISM FROM A SOCIALIST PERSPECTIVE: A COMPARISON OF SAMIR AMIN AND NİYAZİ BERKES

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (82) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
World System ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The Face ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Capitalist World

Culturalism is an approach that interprets civilizations within the religious, historical, and traditional boundaries. In this approach, it is argued that the cultural accumulations that emerged from and developed in the West are, in principle, unique to the Western civilization, and it is suggested that peripheral countries return to their own cultures in the face of imperialism. However, throughout history, civilizations have interacted with each other independently of religious and cultural boundaries and have created common cultural accumulations. Secularism, democracy, rule of law, and human rights are some of the clearest examples of these universal values of civilization. Moreover, culturalist criticism tends to overlook the capitalism and the economic-class contradictions between the center-periphery countries and bases its argument on the assumption that the main contradiction is about culture and religion. Therefore, although culturalist theories claim to oppose imperialism, they eventually reconciled with imperialism. This was proved by the failure of modernization and socialism in Asia and Africa starting from the 20th century. The importance of Samir Amin and NiyaziBerkes lies in that they made the first and most comprehensive criticisms of the culturalist approach in social sciences. Another reason for examining their views together in this study was that both of them, from Egypt and Turkey, are known to be the modernization theorists of the peripheral countries. Amin and Berkes defined the concept of civilization without referring to the religious and cultural boundaries. This is the most obvious common feature in their modernization approaches. The point where they differ is that Samir Amin draws attention to the real contradiction between the central and peripheral countries and thinks that this contradiction is about the capitalist world system. On the other hand, like Amin, NiyaziBerkes also criticizes the reconciliation of tradition and modernity, but does not dwell on the variables such as capitalism and capitalist world system. The purpose of this study is to keep the criticisms of the culturalist approach alive based on the theoretical approaches of Samir Amin and NiyaziBerkes. Keywords: Turkish sociology, Socialism, Modernization, Imperialism, Culturalism, Historical Materialism, Capitalist World System

Interoperability on the Road to Enhance Government-to-Business

2011 ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Giorgos Laskaridis ◽  
Penelope Markellou ◽  
Angeliki Panayiotaki ◽  
Athanasios Tsakalidis
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Web ◽  
The Way

This chapter is initiated by the continuously growing governments’ effort to transform their traditional profile to a digital one, worldwide, by adopting e-government models using the ICT and the Web. The chapter deals with interoperability, which appears as the mean for accomplishing the interlinking of information, systems, and applications, not only within governments, but also in their interaction with citizens, enterprises, and public sectors. The chapter highlights the critical issue of interoperability, investigating the way it can be incorporated into e-government domain in order to provide efficient and effective e-services. It also describes the issues, tasks, and steps that are connected with interoperability in the enterprise environment, introducing and analysing a generic interoperability platform (CCIGOV platform). Finally, it illustrates future trends in the field and, thus, suggests directions of future work/research.

Outwork

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Eileen Boris
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The Self ◽  
International Union ◽  
The Road ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Home Work ◽  
Transnational Network ◽  
The Way

This chapter charts the road to the Home Work Convention, 1996 (No. 177), whose passage paved the way for “excluded” workers to press for rights and recognition at the ILO. Changes in the global economy led international union federations and ILO sectorial meetings to support a convention. Efforts of the Programme on Rural Women also proved crucial. The Self Employed Women’s Association of India (SEWA) led by Ela Bhatt became the most important group organizing home-based workers and documenting their lives. It lobbied for international redress as a strategy to enact and enforce national measures. However, the campaign by an emerging transnational network of women in HomeNet International required amplification by the labor federations. Research alone was insufficient to gain the attention of the Governing Body or win at the International Labour Conference, though lack of statistics served as an excuse for inaction. Support by the Workers’ group proved necessary, galvanized by Dan Gallin of the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers’ Associations (IUF). Conflicts over who was an employee and rejection by the entire Employer’s group revealed cracks in the ILO’s structure.

Theology of Mystical Experience

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-520
Author(s):  
Jürgen Moltmann
Keyword(s):  
Mystical Experience ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Imitatio Christi ◽  
Experience Of God ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thomas Merton ◽  
Mystical Theology ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Way

Mystical Theology aims to be a ‘wisdom of experience’, not a ‘wisdom of doctrine’.1 It is not as theology that it is mystical, but in the fact that it brings mystical experience to expression in words. Mystical experience, however, cannot be communicated in doctrinal propositions. So the ‘theology of mystical experience’ always tells only of the way, the journey, the transition to that unutterable and incommunicable experience of God. So far as its doctrinal content is concerned, the theology of the mystics has up to the present seldom appeared particularly impressive. By tracing the history of ideas, one can easily enough recognise the augustinian, the neoplatonic and the gnostic motifs, and track them back to their roots. With this approach, however, one is not on the same path as the mystical theologians. It is therefore more appropriate to ask what experiences they were seeking to express with the help of those images and ideas. In order to share in their experience, it makes sense to join with them on the same journey, whether with Bernard of Clairvaux on the ‘ladder of love’, with Bonaventura on the ‘pilgrimage of the soul to God’, with Thomas à Kempis on the road of the Imitatio Christi or with Thomas Merton on the ‘seven-storey mountain’.

scholarly journals O wielkiej dyferencjacji i konwergencji

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Michał Kwiecień
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
World System ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current State ◽  
Socioeconomic System ◽  
Great Divergence

The book Great Divergence and Great Convergence: A Global Perspective is an attempt at analysis of historical process that led to current state of global socioeconomic system. Grinin and Korotayev suggest that both Great Divergence and Great Convergence are two different stages of the same process called by them Global Modernization. Authors also claim that globalization have weakened the core and strengthened the periphery of World System due to “law of communicating vessels” of global economy. The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct authors’ view on nature of historical process and to present non-Marxian historical materialism as an alternative theory.

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