scholarly journals Myroides causing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetic Patients: An Emerging Multidrug Resistant “Superbug”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Chauhan ◽  
Priyanka Chaturvedi ◽  
Ravi Pratap Singh ◽  
Anita Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Myroidesis a nonfermentative, gram-negative rod shaped bacterium which is an emerging multidrug resistant pathogen causing many serious hospital acquired infections like Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI). The authors report a case series (four cases) of CAUTI caused by Myroides species which was resistant to all tested antibiotics (ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, cefoperazonesulbactam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamycin ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, colistin, tigecycline) and sensitive only to minocycline (minimum inhibitory concentration <1 μg/mL), in long-standing Diabetic Mellitus Type II patients. All the four patients were successfully treated with minocycline. Present cases highlight the importance of Myroides as a pathogen in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in diabetic patients, especially in nosocomial settings which clinicians should keep in mind.

The pathogenesis of catheter-associated urinary tract infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
JMT Barford ◽  
ARM Coates
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Residual Urine ◽  
Catheter Surface ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) remains one of the most common types of hospital-acquired infections. Further progress in the prevention of CAUTI requires a better understanding of its pathogenesis. Bacteria may enter the bladder through contamination of the tip during insertion with the flora of the distal urethra or from bacteria ascending the outside or the inside of the catheter. Residual urine in the bladder of catheterised patients increases the risk of bacteriuria. During the process of infection, bacteria need first to adhere to the epithelial cells of the urinary tract and/or the surface of the catheter. They will then develop into biofilms on the catheter surface and are resistant to the immune system and antibiotics. Catheters by themselves may cause immediate physical damage to the bladder epithelium; they may be toxic and also cause inflammation. Bacteria can also damage the epithelium and cause inflammation and the combination of both may be synergistic in producing symptoms in the patient. Most episodes of catheter-associated bacteriuria are asymptomatic but it is not known why some patients are symptomatic and others are not. Further research into the pathogenesis of CAUTI needs to be carried out. A suggestion for the prevention of CAUTI is the use of catheters with an additional eye-hole beneath the balloon to prevent residual urine in the bladder or to remove the tip and balloon altogether, with the additional benefit of having no tip to cause damage or inflammation to the bladder epithelium.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Urine Sample of Patients Suffering from Urinary Tract Infection with Diabetes and Nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Nazmul Ahsan ◽  
Monzilur Rahman ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Anwarul Azim Akhand
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Alternative Drug ◽  
Enterobacter Asburiae

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are spreading widely and becoming an issue of utmost importance to deal with. In the current study, ten urine samples from diabetic patients suffering from multiple complications, including urinary tract infection (UTI) and nephropathy were investigated. Antibiogram assays of the bacterial isolates from collected samples demonstrated resistance against most of the antibiotics tested. Further studies were conducted to determine the types of resistant bacteria that caused UTI. Analyzing the 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic tree, 3 isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, 5 as Klebsiella pneumoniae and the rest 2 as Enterobacter asburiae. The findings of this research indicate the necessity of urgent attention to find an effective alternative drug for treating infections caused by these resistant isolates. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 87-93, 2021 (June)

The analysis of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. A 10 year longitudinal study in Małopolska (the Lesser Poland province)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Marta Wałaszek ◽  
Małgorzata Kołpa ◽  
Zdzisław Wolak
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Incidence Density Rate ◽  
Density Rate

Introduction: Hospital-acquired infections are one of the most serious health threats during a patient’s stay in hospital, including healthcare associated infections (HAI). The most typical form of hospital-acquired infections is urinary tract infection (UTI). Objective: To examine the frequency of appearing UTIs, the structure of UTIs in in-patients in the department of internal medicine and nephrology at Saint Lucas’s general hospital in Tarnów was analysed. Materials and methods: Data analysis of 13 965 in-patients staying in the department of internal medicine and nephrology from 2006 to 2015 was carried out. To investigate these data epidemiological methods and standard definitions of hospital- acquired infections issued by European Center for Disease Prevention as well as Control and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used. Results: 237 hospital-acquired UTIs were revealed, which is 33% of all UTIs revealed in the investigated ward. The UTI incidence rate was 1.7% including 1.5% for microbiologically confirmed symptomatic UTIs and 0.2% not microbiologically confirmed symptomatic UTIs. The incidence density rate per 1 000 person-days was 0.2 over 1 000. The number of revealed catheter-related cases was 168, and not catheter-related cases – 69. The incidence density rate of UTIs associated with urinary catheters was 3.3 per 1 000 person-days. The dominant etiological factors, which were taken to be detected from the infected patients’ specimens, were: Escherichia coli 63 (29%), Enterococcus spp. 37(16%), Klebsiella spp. 23 (11%). Conclusions: A 10 year observation of UTIs, which have appeared in the department of internal medicine and nephrology, allowed to conduct the accurate analysis of these infections. The comparison of urinary tract infection rates done in the investigated ward, and recorded in the Research Participation Programs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), allows to draw the conclusion that the presented epidemiological situation does not differ significantly from other countries.

scholarly journals Higher prevalence of ESBL producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli among Diabetic patients from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulsi Nayaju ◽  
Milan Kumar Upreti ◽  
Alina Ghimire ◽  
Basudha Shrestha ◽  
Basanta Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background: The increased rate of urinary tract infection (UTI) in immunocompromised patients especially diabetic patients is a major public health problem in adults. Moreover, the infection with multidrug resistant strains producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is a key obstacle in disease management among such vulnerable population. An immediate proper treatment depends on rapid diagnosis of UTI and screening of antimicrobial resistant pattern with highly sensitive methods which also reduces the possible urinary complications among the diabetic patients. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the occurrence of antibiotic resistant genes for β-lactamases; blTEM and blaCTX-M in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from UTI suspected diabetic and non-diabetic patients. attendingMethods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu Model Hospital in association with Central Department of Microbiology, TU from June to December 2018. A total of 1267 non-duplicate mid-stream urine specimens from diabetic and non-diabetic patients were obtained and processed immediately for isolation of uropathogens. The isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility testing and ESBL confirmation. Finally, blaTEM and blaCTX-M ESBL genes were screened by using specific primers.Results: The overall prevalence of the urinary tract infection UTI was found to be 17.20%(218/1267) , out of which diabetic patients were significantly more infected with UTI accounting for 32.29%(31/96) as compared to non-diabetic persons, 15.97%(187/1171). A total of 221 bacterial were from 218 culture positive specimens in which E . coli was a most predominate one; 67.9%(150/221.). Forty-four percent (66/150) of the total E. coli was MDR and 37.33%(56/150) were ESBL producers. Among 56 isolates, 92.3%(12/13) from diabetic patents and 83.0% (44/53) were from non-diabetic patients. Furthermore, 84.85% of the screened ESBL producers were confirmed to possess either single or both of the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes . The blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes were detected in 53.57% and 87.5% of the phenotypically ESBL confirmed E. coli .Conclusions: The UTI infection is an increasing problem in diabetic patients and infection with multidrug resistant strains specially ESBL producing uropathogens are causing a huge problem in disease management leading to high rate of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Hospital acquired urinary tract infection by multidrug-resistant Brevundimonas vesicularis

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Taneja ◽  
PuneetK Gupta ◽  
SumaB Appannanavar ◽  
Harsimran Kaur ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Brevundimonas Vesicularis ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals Influence of the Alternative Sigma Factor RpoN on Global Gene Expression and Carbon Catabolism in Enterococcus faecalis V583

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica C. Keffeler ◽  
Vijayalakshmi S. Iyer ◽  
Srivatsan Parthasarathy ◽  
Matthew M. Ramsey ◽  
Matthew J. Gorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Alternative Sigma Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACT The alternative sigma factor σ54 has been shown to regulate the expression of a wide array of virulence-associated genes, as well as central metabolism, in bacterial pathogens. In Gram-positive organisms, the σ54 is commonly associated with carbon metabolism. In this study, we show that the Enterococcus faecalis alternative sigma factor σ54 (RpoN) and its cognate enhancer binding protein MptR are essential for mannose utilization and are primary contributors to glucose uptake through the Mpt phosphotransferase system. To gain further insight into how RpoN contributes to global transcriptional changes, we performed microarray transcriptional analysis of strain V583 and an isogenic rpoN mutant grown in a chemically defined medium with glucose as the sole carbon source. Transcripts of 340 genes were differentially affected in the rpoN mutant; the predicted functions of these genes mainly related to nutrient acquisition. These differentially expressed genes included those with predicted catabolite-responsive element (cre) sites, consistent with loss of repression by the major carbon catabolite repressor CcpA. To determine if the inability to efficiently metabolize glucose/mannose affected infection outcome, we utilized two distinct infection models. We found that the rpoN mutant is significantly attenuated in both rabbit endocarditis and murine catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Here, we examined a ccpA mutant in the CAUTI model and showed that the absence of carbon catabolite control also significantly attenuates bacterial tissue burden in this model. Our data highlight the contribution of central carbon metabolism to growth of E. faecalis at various sites of infection. IMPORTANCE Hospital-acquired infections account for 2 billion dollars annually in increased health care expenses and cause more than 100,000 deaths in the United States alone. Enterococci are the second leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. They form biofilms at surgical sites and are often associated with infections of the urinary tract following catheterization. Nutrient uptake and growth are key factors that influence their ability to cause disease. Our research identified a large set of genes that illuminate nutrient uptake pathways in enterococci. Perturbation of the metabolic circuit reduces virulence in a rabbit endocarditis model, as well as in catheter-associated urinary tract infection in mice. Targeting metabolic pathways that are important in infection may lead to new treatments against multidrug-resistant enterococcal infections.

Multidrug-resistant mcr-1 gene-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 causing urinary tract infection in a cat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Tammy Hayakawa Ito de Sousa ◽  
Marco Túlio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Herica Makino ◽  
Stéfhano Luis Cândido ◽  
Isabela de Godoy Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant

scholarly journals Isolation and diagnosis of bacteria causing urinary tract infection in pregnant and non pregnant females with diabetes mellitus type2

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Faraj Hatto Joni
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Esherichia Coli

Diabetic patients have more outcomes of urinary tract infection than non diabetes, mortality of urinary tract infection (UTI) is 5 times higher in patients with diabetes old age, the incidence of urinary tract infection in pregnant women is slightly higher than non pregnant women, urinary tract infection in pregnant women either as a symptomatic bacteriiuria or symptomatic infection, which is more complication during pregnancy this present study was done in March 2016 to July 2016, the patients were females, total samples of 80 patient of pregnant and non pregnant with diabetes mellitus, selected from medical and general surgical wards, the samples were sending to teaching laboratories from the same hospital, the present study show that the incidence of UTI at non pregnant diabetic women occur at age (9-11) years (45%), the most common causative agents of UTI in diabetic pregnant females is Esherichia coli 20(50%), the results of microscopical examination of urine of pregnant with diabetes mellitus of urine of pregnant with diabetes mellitus revealed that (43), pyuria and (28) had crystals, and the result of microscopical examination of urine of non pregnant females with diabetes mellitus revealed that the common causative agent is Esherichia coli 3(30%), (9) had pyuria and (4) had crystals.

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