SLOP TANK DESIGN FOR IMPROVED LOAD-ON-TOP

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Robert J. Fiocco ◽  
Vincent W. Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Capacity Structure

ABSTRACT Slop tanks are the focal point of the Load-On-Top system used on crude oil tankers to prevent pollution of the sea. Design of these tanks and their operating procedures strongly affect the degree of oil-water separation achieved. This paper presents the results of an investigation undertaken to define designs and procedures for improving separation and minimizing oil discharge to sea. The program was funded in part by the U.S. Maritime Administration. Based on tanker experience and laboratory tests with tank models, guidelines on capacity, structure, inlets, outlets, system design, and wastewater handling, procedures were developed. The guidelines aim at assuring successful Load-On-Top operations by (1) providing tanker operational flexibility for handling oily water, (2) minimizing the degree of oil-water mixing, (3) avoiding re-dispersion of separated oil during feeding and discharging operations, and (4) eliminating the possibility of accidental oil contamination. This investigation provides a basis for future large-scale or shipboard studies to improve the performance of slop tanks on existing tankers as well as on future tankers.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes and Polydopamine Modified Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Sponges for Efficient Oil–Water Separation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Juanjuan Wang ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Lele Li ◽  
Enping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

In this paper, effective separation of oil from both immiscible oil–water mixtures and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions are achieved by using poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based (PDMS-based) composite sponges. A modified hard template method using citric acid monohydrate as the hard template and dissolving it in ethanol is proposed to prepare PDMS sponge composited with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) both in the matrix and the surface. The introduction of CNTs endows the composite sponge with enhanced comprehensive properties including hydrophobicity, absorption capacity, and mechanical strength than the pure PDMS. We demonstrate the successful application of CNT-PDMS composite in efficient removal of oil from immiscible oil–water mixtures within not only a bath absorption, but also continuous separation for both static and turbulent flow conditions. This notable characteristic of the CNT-PDMS sponge enables it as a potential candidate for large-scale industrial oil–water separation. Furthermore, a polydopamine (PDA) modified CNT-PDMS is developed here, which firstly realizes the separation of O/W emulsion without continuous squeezing of the sponge. The combined superhydrophilic and superoleophilic property of PDA/CNT-PDMS is assumed to be critical in the spontaneously demulsification process.

scholarly journals Fabricated of Superhydrophobic Silanized Melamine Sponge with Photochromic Properties for Efficiency Oil/Water Separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Hong ◽  
Zhu Liu ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yubin Chen ◽  
Mingxun Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Photochromic Properties ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

Superhydrophobic sponge as potential absorbing material for oil/water separation is attracting great attention recently. However, there are still some challenges to feasibly fabricate superhydrophobic sponge with large scale and low cost. Herein, a novel photochromic superhydrophobic melamine sponge (PDMS-SP sponge) is fabricated by facilely dip-coating and thermocuring of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes mixed with photochromic spiropyran. FT-IR, EDS, and XPS results confirm the successful coating of PDMS-SP upon melamine sponge. The resultant sponge not only possesses excellent water repellency with a contact angle of 154.5° and oil-water separation efficiency with an oil absorption capacity of 48–116 folds of itself weight, but also shows photochromic phenomenon between colorless and purple when it is successively exposed to UV irradiation and visible light.

3D network super-hydrophobic hexafluorbisphenol A poly(aryl ether ketone) membrane prepared by one-step electrospraying

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1094-1101
Author(s):  
Yongpeng Wang ◽  
Pengtao Yan ◽  
Xintong Huo ◽  
Mengzhu Liu ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Condensation Polymerization ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Sliding Angle ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Aryl Ether Ketone ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Ether Ketone

Novel super-hydrophobic poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) membranes have been firstly prepared by modifying ordinary PAEK into hexafluorbisphenol A-PAEK through traditional nucleophilic condensation polymerization and subsequently simple electrospraying technique. With the solution concentration increased, the micromorphology exhibited nanofibers, nanofiber with spindles, 3D network with microspheres embedded, microspheres and dense films, successively. The static water contact angle increased from 99° to 155°, while the sliding angle from 1.3° to 6.8° (±1°), in which the 3D network presented the strongest super-hydrophobicity. After 200 h of water flushing, the rough surface structure and super-hydrophobicity of the membranes were well retained. Moreover, the membrane exhibited wonderful self-cleaning property, oil/water separation property, and stability due to the hierarchical micro/nanostructures. This work provides a new route for the creation of super-hydrophobic high performance engineering plastic fabrics with the potential values in large-scale application of filtration, oil/water separation, and antifouling.

Electrospun fibers for oil–water separation

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 12868-12884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Ma ◽  
Qilu Zhang ◽  
Dawei Hua ◽  
Ranhua Xiong ◽  
Juntao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
Oil Water

The increasing worldwide oil pollution intensifies the needs for new techniques of separation of oil from oily water.

Oily Water Treatment Using Ceramic Membrane in Presence of Swirling Flow Induced by a Tangential Inlet via CFD

2014 ◽  
Vol 348 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tássia Vieira Mota ◽  
Helton Gomes Alves ◽  
Severino Rodrigues Farias Neto ◽  
Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Tangential Inlet

In recent years, attention has been given to the processes controlling the emission of oily effluents and their environmental impact. Many industrial processes generate large volumes of water contaminated with oil, called oily waters. The oily water must be treated before its discard in order to meet the criteria established by environmental agencies (for example in Brazil, 20 mg/L). In present days, the process of separating oil/water with ceramic membranes has attracted the attention of many researchers [1,2]. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the tangential inlet shape in the oil/water separation via ceramic membranes. We use a mathematical multiphase flow model to describe the oil-water separation, based on the particle model. Here oil is the dispersed phase while water the continuous phase. To model the turbulence effect we use the RNGk-εmodel. All simulations were carried out using the Ansys CFX ® commercial code. Results of streamlines and velocity, pressure and volume fraction of phase fields are present and analyzed. The numerical results indicate that no significant difference when using a circular or rectangular pipe with the same cross-sectional area.

Feasibility Study on Membrane Technology for Ship Oil-Water Separation in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 856-861
Author(s):  
Ou Chen Cai ◽  
Jun Feng Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Oily Water Treatment ◽  
Filtration Device

The case study of membrane technology applied in oily water treatment in petrochemical industry demonstrated that it is also technically feasible in ship oil-water separation in China. Based on the analysis of the membrane technological parameter selection, a practical ship oil-water separator has been designed, which consists of two-stage devices, a preliminary treatment device and a membrane filtration device for advanced treatment. The pore size and the hydrophilicity of the membrane should be decided by the influent oil content; the operating temperature could be the influent temperature; the TMP should be controlled at 0.1-0.2 MPa; the influent oil concentration and flux should be modified by the preliminary treatment device so they are appropriate for the membrane filtration device.

scholarly journals A Robust Superhydrophobic Polyurethane Sponge Loaded with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient and Selective Oil-Water Separation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3344
Author(s):  
De Liu ◽  
Shiying Wang ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Yujiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

The influence of different coupling agents and coupling times on the wettability of a polyurethane (PU) sponge surface were optimized. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) was selected as the optimal coupling agent to prepare the superhydrophobic sponge. The superhydrophobic sponge was prepared in one step, which has the advantages of simple operation and enhanced durability. The superhydrophobic sponge was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Teclis Tracker tensiometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry. The water contact angle increased from 64.1° to 151.3°, exhibiting ideal superhydrophobicity. Oils and organic solvents with different viscosities and densities can be rapidly and selectively absorbed by superhydrophobic sponges, with an absorption capacity of 14.99 to 86.53 times the weight of the sponge itself, without absorbing any water. Since temperature affects the viscosity and ionic strength of oil, and influences the surface wettability of the sponges, the effect of temperature and ionic strength on the oil absorption capacity of the superhydrophobic sponges was measured, and its mechanism was elucidated. The results showed that the absorptive capacity retained more than 90% of the initial absorptive capacity after repeated use for 10 times. Low-cost, durable superhydrophobic sponges show great potential for large-scale oil-water separation.

Synthesis of aminopyridine-containing conjugated microporous polymers with excellent superhydrophobicity for oil/water separation

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (18) ◽  
pp. 14863-14869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Jiao ◽  
Lulu Bao ◽  
Wanli Zhang ◽  
Hanxue Sun ◽  
Zhaoqi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Microporous Polymers ◽  
Conjugated Microporous Polymer ◽  
Microporous Polymer ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Conjugated Microporous Polymers

Aminopyridine-containing conjugated microporous polymer based membranes with excellent superhydrophobicity for continuous oil/water separation on a large scale.

Analytical Examination of Oil/Water Separation by Coalescence

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley M. Finger ◽  
T. S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Separation System ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
Oil Water

ABSTRACT The physical separation process of coalescence has been studied analytically under controlled conditions in regard to the separation of oil from oily water mixtures. Variations in coalescer performance were studied as a function of the oily water feed to a three stage prototype separation system of which coalescence was the final stage. The data were analyzed statistically and it was shown that increasing suspended solids concentration, increasing oil viscosity, and increasing oil concentration decreased coalescer element lifetime, however, above a certain level increasing oil concentration had no effect. Variations in the total flow rate in the range of one to four gallons per minute per square foot did not have a significant effect on coalescer element life. Under all conditions studied, the effluent water contained less than 15 parts per million oil, only ten percent of the samples analyzed contained more than this amount. The results indicate that coalescence is useful as a final polishing step in an oil/water separation system.

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