A MOBILE PLANT PROTOTYPE FOR THE RESTORATION OF POLLUTED BEACHES BY WASHING OILY SAND

ABSTRACT A research program was undertaken in 1980 with the support of the European Economic Community and the French Ministry of the Environment to develop a technique for treating beaches polluted by an oil spill, after the bulk of the oil has been removed from the surface of the sand by mechanical equipment. Final cleanup is often necessary, especially in the case of recreational beaches, when the oil remaining in the upper layer of sand—frequently in the range of 2 to 3 percent—in unacceptable. There is some controversy regarding the use of dispersants for this purpose. The basic principle of the technique is to wash oil-contaminated sand in transportable equipment which is operated either close to the polluted beach or at a centralized location, the washed sand then being returned to the beach or used for other purposes. The selected equipment and three different cleaning agents were tested in pilot trials carried out on sand polluted with heavy fuel oil. A plant prototype was set up and tested in 1985. It is composed mainly of a horizontally rotating wash drum associated with a screen, a hydrocyclone to separate the sand from the wash-water phase and a vibrating screen for sand dewatering. These three pieces of equipment are mounted on the bed of a semi-trailer along with two transfer pumps. Oil and sand fines are separated from the water, before recycling, in several ground tanks in which a flocculating agent may be added. The operating parameters of the process are discussed on the basis of trials carried out at a throughput of 18 metric tons of sand per hour, giving a washed sand with an average oil content of 0.2 percent in the case of moderate weathering.

Download Full-text

Mimicking the Crude Oil and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Demulsification Process in Power Plants for Preparing a New Demulsifiers

Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies ◽

10.52716/jprs.v10i4.376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 165-180

Author(s):

Faris Moayed Ahmed Hamdy ◽

Abdullatif Mohammed Raouf ◽

Israa Abdulsatar Esmael ◽

Laith Hamza Thuaban ◽

Nadia Fakhry Ibraheem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Power Plants ◽

Test Method ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Wash Water ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Industrial Facilities ◽

Oil Emulsions ◽

Demulsification Process

Water–in–oil emulsions are a big challenge in the production and processing of crude oil due to its bad influence on the fundamental and practical aspects of industrial facilities. Researches for decades gave this phenomena a great deal in the planning to construct power plants, refineries, oil companies and other industrial facilities that uses crude oil as a raw material. In order to overcome the disadvantages and hazards of water–in–oil emulsions researchers used chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical methods individually or in combination. The chemical method has gained the main interest due to its ease of use and economic feasibility. Demulsifiers have been used extensively to solve the problem of water in oil emulsions. The choice of using the right combination of chemicals had been reached after studying many factors such as cost and safety. This research addresses many fundamental and practical aspects regarding demulsifiers and oil demulsification aiming to find the best selection of chemicals that can be used to treat crude oil before using, refining or transporting it. The crude oil in this research had been demulsified and tested by the spectroil test method while the bottle test method had not been used to mimic the demulsification process used in power plant. The work was carried out using two types of oil, crude oil (containing 7 ppm Na and K salts concentration) and heavy fuel oil HFO (containing 12 ppm Na and K salts concentration). The crude oil samples were taken from Al – Hilla 2 power plant while the HFO samples were taken from South Baghdad 2 power plant. The results showed that the water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility that used as a demulsifiers like the acrylic derivatives gave the best demulsification when using more wash water percentage. While the combination of water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility and oil soluble chemicals gave the best results in treating heavy fuel oil while using less wash water percentage.

Download Full-text

Erika Oil Spill: Responding in Difficult-to-Access Coves and on Cliffs

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-1085 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2003 (1) ◽

pp. 1085-1089 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Loïc Kerambrun

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Know How ◽

Set Up ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT Endless stretches of cliffs with deep coves and caves were coated with Heavy Fuel Oil during the Erika oil spill. Professional rope workers were called in to help clean the cliffs and the coves as most of them were located in protected reserves. This was the very first time that such a technique was used to clean up pollution and it turned out to be original if only because of the size of the job to be done. The clean-up operation lasted two and a half years, involved over 800 work sites and the rope workers cleaned up more than 50 of them. As a rule, cliffs that are hard to access are not cleaned up if only for safety and logistics reasons. There were various reasons why so many work sites had to be set up during the Erika clean-up, namely: the nature and the quantities of the HFO, the ecological, amenity and heritage importance of the area, the know how and the complementarity of the rope workers and the clean-up companies that continually improved their techniques and their efficiency as time went by. Thanks to compliance with rules and safety standards there were no accidents.

Download Full-text

Dispersive Performance of Underwater Injection of Dispersant to Heavy Fuel Oil

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-299045.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 (1) ◽

pp. 299045

Author(s):

Shoichi Hara ◽

Osamu Miyata ◽

Takahiro Majima ◽

Masao Ono ◽

Hideyuki Shirota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Water Tank ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Counter Measures ◽

Mixed Sample ◽

Black And White ◽

Dispersed Oil ◽

Oil Tank ◽

Set Up

The National Maritime Research Institute started 5 year research project on the establishment of synthetic countermeasures against the discharge of oil and hazardous fluid substance from 2011 to 2015. The main purpose of this project is to produce the tool for the environmental risk assessment of the oil discharge from vessels which sank due to the marine accident. The element technologies as the counter-measure against the discharged oil will also be developed in the project. The element technology as sub-surface application of dispersant for counter-measures will be introduced at the poster session. The first large-scale application has been carried out during the Deepwater Horizon incident in gulf of Mexico in 2010. The experimental set-up consists of rectangular water tank (0.8m×0.8m×3.0m) connected to the oil tank and dispersant tank. The heavy fuel oil was used. Both oil and mixed sample of oil and dispersant have been discharged from the nozzle into the water tank. The video for the behavior of oil and mixed sample has been analyzed by defining the concentration of black and white color. The video has been taken by the high resolution camera. The concentration of 8 different steps between black and white was set in the analysis. The dispersed oil has particular color when dispersed in water and too much dispersant becomes clouded because the dispersant reacts to water. The concentration change has been related with the dispersive performance. The rising-up velocity was also analyzed by PIV (Particle Image Velocity) method so as to ensure the effect of the dispersive performance. The distribution of oil droplets has also been measured and analyzed. The various percentage of dispersant has been compounded into mixed heavy fuel oil. 1%, 5% and 10% dispersant oil ratio (DOR) has been tried in the experiment. The dispersive area and rising-up velocity after injection of both oil and mixed sample have been compared among them. The dispersive area and rising-up velocity due to difference of DOR has been discriminated. Those parameters can be an index of evaluating the dispersive performance.

Download Full-text

BURIAL AND BREAKDOWN OF OIL IN COASTAL DUNE SYSTEMS

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-577 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 (1) ◽

pp. 577-580

Author(s):

Roger E. Daniels ◽

Anthony F. Harrison ◽

John A. Parkinson ◽

Graham Hall

Keyword(s):

Sand Dunes ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Dune System ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

South Wales ◽

Set Up ◽

Being Moved

ABSTRACT In 1992 and 1994, sites where oiled beach material, resulting from tanker spills at sea, had been buried in sand dunes in 1978 were located. Analysis of samples from one site (Hemsby, Norfolk) was inconclusive but samples from Pendine in south Wales contained small quantities of hydrocarbon residues and bacterial populations capable of metabolizing catechol. Gas sampling also showed elevated concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide within the deposit compared with controls in adjacent sand dunes. Following the beaching of heavy fuel oil at Pendine in January 1994, oiled sand from the beach was deposited in the nearby dune system and a monitoring experiment was set up. Evidence of hydrocarbon degradation was found soon after deposition and was especially rapid close to the previous deposit. Progress of the oil decomposition is being monitored by collection and analysis (chemical and microbiological) of core samples and in-situ measurements of gaseous emissions. Because of problems of sand being moved by the wind and consequent concentration of oil residues on the surface, alternative methods of surface stabilization by vegetation are also being tested.

Download Full-text

Biosorption of heavy fuel oil from aqueous solution by Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in natura

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-14067-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laís A. Nascimento ◽

Marilda N. Carvalho ◽

Mohand Benachour ◽

Valdemir A. Santos ◽

Leonie A. Sarubbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil

Download Full-text

Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic breakup of Diesel and heavy fuel oil droplets

International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow ◽

10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2017.10.012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 203-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Dionisis Stefanitsis ◽

Ilias Malgarinos ◽

George Strotos ◽

Nikolaos Nikolopoulos ◽

Emmanouil Kakaras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Investigation ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Oil Droplets

Download Full-text

Measurements and predictions of nitric oxide and particulates emissions from heavy fuel oil spray flames

Symposium (International) on Combustion ◽

10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80051-8 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 2241-2250 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M.A. Byrnes ◽

E.A. Foumeny ◽

T. Mahmud ◽

A.S.A.K. Sharifah ◽

T. Abbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Spray Flames

Download Full-text

Comparative sensitivity of the early life stages of a coral to heavy fuel oil and UV radiation

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146676 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146676

Author(s):

F. Mikaela Nordborg ◽

Diane L. Brinkman ◽

Gerard F. Ricardo ◽

Susana Agustí ◽

Andrew P. Negri

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Early Life ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Life Stages ◽

Early Life Stages ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Comparative Sensitivity

Download Full-text

Seawater Scrubbing for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide in a Steam Turbine Power Plant

ASME 2005 Power Conference ◽

10.1115/pwr2005-50051 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akili D. Khawaji ◽

Jong-Mihn Wie

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Steam Turbine ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Operating Cost ◽

Cooling Water ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

So2 Emissions ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil

The most popular method of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in a steam turbine power plant is a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process that uses lime/limestone scrubbing. Another relatively newer FGD technology is to use seawater as a scrubbing medium to absorb SO2 by utilizing the alkalinity present in seawater. This seawater scrubbing FGD process is viable and attractive when a sufficient quantity of seawater is available as a spent cooling water within reasonable proximity to the FGD scrubber. In this process the SO2 gas in the flue gas is absorbed by seawater in an absorber and subsequently oxidized to sulfate by additional seawater. The benefits of the seawater FGD process over the lime/limestone process and other processes are; 1) The process does not require reagents for scrubbing as only seawater and air are needed, thereby reducing the plant operating cost significantly, and 2) No solid waste and sludge are generated, eliminating waste disposal, resulting in substantial cost savings and increasing plant operating reliability. This paper reviews the thermodynamic aspects of the SO2 and seawater system, basic process principles and chemistry, major unit operations consisting of absorption, oxidation and neutralization, plant operation and performance, cost estimates for a typical seawater FGD plant, and pertinent environmental issues and impacts. In addition, the paper presents the major design features of a seawater FGD scrubber for the 130 MW oil fired steam turbine power plant that is under construction in Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia. The scrubber with the power plant designed for burning heavy fuel oil containing 4% sulfur by weight, is designed to reduce the SO2 level in flue gas to 425 ng/J from 1,957 ng/J.

Download Full-text