scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Application Techniques for Delivery of Nutrients to Contaminated Shoreline in Prince William Sound

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 559-562
Author(s):  
John A. Glaser ◽  
Albert D. Venosa ◽  
Edward J. Opatken

ABSTRACT The application of nutrients to assist and accelerate naturally occurring biodegradation processes was studied at field scale on contaminated shoreline in Prince William Sound as part of the effort to recover from the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Selection of fertilizer forms and means to apply the nutrients comprised a major part of the evaluation project. Liquid and solid forms of nutrients were tested. New and innovative application technology was investigated for use under field conditions. Ease of application and cost-effective technology were important selection criteria. Worker protection and environmental-effect concerns served to modify the selection of application technology. Details of application technology selection are presented, difficulties with application and areas for potential research are discussed. Projections for development of application technology to subsurface deposits of stranded oil are made.

Author(s):  
Thad Druffel ◽  
Venkat Kalyan Vendra ◽  
Delaina Amos ◽  
Mahendra Sunkara

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have garnered a great deal of interest as a cost-effective technology for large-scale manufacturing. Engineered inorganic hybrid nanostructures can improve the performance of DSSC’s without affecting the cost effectiveness of the devices. Here, we present a concept of engineered hybrid nanostructures, incorporating appropriate selection of nanowire and nanoparticle materials, to enhance the charge transport and reduce the recombination within the photoanode. Low recombination properties of this photoanode allow flexibility in choosing the redox couple for increasing open circuit voltage.


1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. John

SummaryAs many bibliographic services in medicine are offered, literature searches in eight databases at DIMDI were performed to find out which database is most important in medicine. The distribution of publications from members of the medical faculty of Frankfurt University was examined. No save prediction is possible as to which database will yield most articles. Overlapping from different databases is often rather low. The selection of an appropriate database mix for sufficient recall and in a cost-effective manner.is a task for an experienced searcher.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.


Kerntechnik ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
T. Heinrich ◽  
L. Funke ◽  
M. Köhler ◽  
U.-K. Schkade ◽  
F. Ullrich ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Yuliya Prozherina ◽  

3D printing of drugs is an innovative and cost-effective technology, which is a major step towards personalized medicine. This technology can be used for the development of controlled-release drugs; fixed-dose combination drugs, as well as for the creation of orodispersible dosage forms. The global 3D drug market is still largely at the research stage, but its rapid growth is expected in the coming decade [1].


1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Grijspeerdt ◽  
Peter Vanrolleghem ◽  
Willy Verstraete

A comparative study of several recently proposed one-dimensional sedimentation models has been made. This has been achieved by fitting these models to steady-state and dynamic concentration profiles obtained in a down-scaled secondary decanter. The models were evaluated with several a posteriori model selection criteria. Since the purpose of the modelling task is to do on-line simulations, the calculation time was used as one of the selection criteria. Finally, the practical identifiability of the models for the available data sets was also investigated. It could be concluded that the model of Takács et al. (1991) gave the most reliable results.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 917
Author(s):  
Ickjin Son ◽  
Grace Firsta Lukman ◽  
Mazahir Hussain Shah ◽  
Kwang-Il Jeong ◽  
Jin-Woo Ahn

Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are simple in structure, easy to manufacture, magnet-less, brushless, and highly robust compared to other AC motors which makes them a good option for applications that operate in harsh environment. However, the motor has non-linear magnetic characteristics, and it comes with various pole-phase combinations and circuit topologies that causes many difficulties in deciding on which type to choose. In this paper, the viability of SRM as a low-cost, rugged machine for vehicle radiator cooling fan is considered. First, necessary design considerations are presented, then three commonly use types of SRM are analyzed: A 3-phase 6/4, 3-phase 12/8, and a 4-phase 8/6 to find their static and dynamic characteristics so the most suitable type can be selected. Simulation results show that the 8/6 SRM produces the highest efficiency with less phase current which reduces the converter burden. However, with asymmetric half bridge converter, eight power switches are required for 8/6 SRM and thus put a burden on the overall drive cost. As a solution, the Miller converter with only six switches for four phase SRM. To verify the proposed idea, the 8/6 SRM was manufactured and tested. The results show that Miller converter can be used for the proposed SRM with slightly reduced efficiency at 80.4%.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Marchini ◽  
Alessandra Marti ◽  
Claudia Folli ◽  
Barbara Prandi ◽  
Tommaso Ganino ◽  
...  

The nutritional and physicochemical properties of sorghum proteins and starch make the use of this cereal for food production challenging. Sprouting is a cost-effective technology to improve the nutritional and functional profile of grains. Two drying treatments were used after sorghum sprouting to investigate whether the drying phase could improve the protein and starch functionalities. Results showed that the drying treatment at lower temperature/longer time (40 °C for 12 h) extended the enzymatic activity that started during sprouting compared to the one performed at higher temperature/shorter time (50 °C for 6 h). An increased protein hydrolysis and water- and oil-holding capacity were found in the flour obtained by the former treatment. Higher protein matrix hydrolysis caused high exposure of starch to enzymes, thus increasing its digestibility, while worsening the technological functionality. Overall, modulating drying conditions could represent a further way, in addition to sprouting, to improve sorghum flour’s nutritional profile.


2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Carrard ◽  
Juliet Willetts ◽  
Cynthia Mitchell ◽  
Mick Paddon ◽  
Monique Retamal

In peri-urban areas where infrastructure investments have not yet been made, there is a need to determine the most context-appropriate, fit for purpose and sustainable sanitation solutions. Decision makers must identify the optimal system scale (on the spectrum from centralized to community to cluster scale) and assess the long-term costs and socio-economic/environmental impacts associated with different options. Addressing both cost-effectiveness and sustainability are essential to ensure that institutions and communities are able to continue to bear the costs and management burden of infrastructure operation, maintenance and asset replacement. This paper describes an approach to sanitation planning currently being undertaken as a research study in Can Tho City in southern Vietnam, by the Institute for Sustainable Futures and Can Tho University in collaboration with Can Tho Water Supply and Sewerage Company. The aim of the study is to facilitate selection of the most context-appropriate, fit for purpose, cost effective and sustainable sanitation infrastructure solution. As such, the study compares a range of sanitation alternatives including centralized, decentralized (at household or cluster scale) and resource recovery options. This paper provides an overview of the study and considers aspects of the Can Tho and Vietnamese regulatory, development and institutional context that present drivers and challenges for comparison of options and selection of fit for purpose sanitation systems.


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