Rapid International Mobilization of Oil Spill Response Equipment: Recent Experiences1

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
Scott Read
Keyword(s):  
Poster Presentation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Load Planning ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Tier 3

ABSTRACT Rapid mobilization of response equipment to the scene of an incident is critical to mitigate its effects. If the scale of the response requires support from an international Tier 3 response center, it is essential to have in place a robust logistics chain to ensure that appropriate equipment is delivered rapidly and deployed effectively. With delivery time a priority, all transportation options must be explored to reduce mobilization period. This paper will refer to three recent response mobilizations of Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL) to demonstrate the reality of transporting response equipment internationally by air. It will examine the options available including the use of the response center's permanently chartered aircraft, full or part charter available from the charter market, and the use of scheduled freighter aircraft. Transport choices are based on clearly defined procedures and the experience of the staff involved, combined with well-established and exercised contingency plans. Assessment of these various options will highlight the uniqueness of every response and demonstrate how flexibility and cooperation by all concerned parties is essential to provide the solutions to the real-time challenges that occur. A variety of systems are in place to assist rapid equipment mobilization and developments in equipment packaging and load planning are reducing further the time taken to load and discharge cargo. The case studies will show the lessons learned, pitfalls, and benefits of these systems and in particular will focus on the advantages in speed, cost, and flexibility that are obtained from the use of aircraft pallet modules as part of a specialized aircraft palletization system. The concept and development of the aircraft pallet system attracted attention as the poster presentation “Packaging of Tier 3 Oil Spill Equipment for a Faster Response” (Read, 1999) at the 1999 International Oil Spill Conference in Seattle, Washington. This paper follows up with the realities of 2-years use.

MOBEX Cayenne 2013: Lessons Learned & Response Enhancements Derived from the International Mobilization, Preparedness & Response Exercise in French Guiana

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Paul A. Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
Response Exercise

ABSTRACT Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL) and Clean Caribbean & Americas (CCA) conducted the first International Mobilization, Preparedness & Response Exercise (MOBEX) since the 2010 Gulf of Mexico “Macondo” incident and since the merger of CCA and OSRL in January 2013. The exercise was hosted by Shell Exploration & Production France SAS (Shell E&P), the operating partner of the Zaedyus joint venture drilling prospect offshore French Guiana. It was the first MOBEX to support a deep water exploratory drilling scenario. MOBEX Cayenne 2013, was conducted in French Guiana, May 15–17, 2013, and included the following five foundational exercise components found in all MOBEXs:Tabletop Exercise (Simulation)Mobilization of Tier 1 and 2 (Shell), and Tier 3 (OSRL) response equipment and personnelConference and Technical SeminarEquipment Deployment DemonstrationDelegate Exchange/Forum A number of planning activities, and MOBEX itself, contributed to enhancing the overall oil spill preparedness capability in the operating area. Planning activities included coordination visits and meetings with operators and governmental authorities, familiarization with sensitive environmental resources, logistics planning within the international, national and local infrastructure, expansion of indigenous response capability through training of local responders and vessel operators, and familiarization with governmental policies and procedures across a wide range of issues. This paper discusses oil spill preparedness and response lessons learned and enhancements derived from the planning and conduct of MOBEX Cayenne 2013.

AREA CONTINGENCY PLANS: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE EVER-EVOLVING

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 944-944
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. White ◽  
Patricia Donahue
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Consistent System ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Key Issues

ABSTRACT The existence of area contingency plans, at least in draft form, for coastal and inland areas, combined with the National Contingency Plan's emphasis on and deferral to area committees, presents a timely opportunity for area committees to address vital response issues. By drawing upon each others’ plans, area committees can enhance their own plans and assist the development of a comprehensive and consistent system for oil spill response. This presentation identifies specific area committee responsibilities imposed under the National Contingency Plan. Materials to be available at the conference will suggest key issues for inclusion in plan revisions and offer helpful samples from existing plans.

CISPRI TECHNICAL MANUAL—A DIFFERENT APPROACH

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 929-931
Author(s):  
Victoria Askin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Cook Inlet ◽  
Technical Manual ◽  
Member Company ◽  
Inlet Region ◽  
Response Information ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Common Response ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT Cook Inlet Spill Prevention & Response, Inc. (CISPRI) is an oil industry sponsored oil spill response cooperative with headquarters in Nikiski, Alaska. CISPRI presently provides a variety of spill response services in support of member company petroleum operations in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska. Currently, each of CISPRI's 12 member companies has one or more contingency plans (one company has seven). By utilizing a single agency-approved CISPRI Technical Manual, each member is allowed to include in their C-Plan, by reference, all common response information that is included in the CISPRI Technical Manual.

The Refugio Oil Spill Response: Case Study and Lessons’ Learned/Best Practices for the Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-123
Author(s):  
Yvonne Najah Addassi ◽  
Julie Yamamoto ◽  
Thomas M. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
California Department ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Santa Barbara County ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The Refugio Oil Spill occurred on May 19, 2015, due to the failure of an underground pipeline, owned and operated by a subsidiary of Plains All-American Pipeline near Highway 101 in Santa Barbara County. The Responsible Party initially estimated the amount of crude oil released at about 104,000 gallons, with 21,000 gallons reaching the ocean. A Unified Command (UC) was established consisting of Incident Commanders from the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR), Santa Barbara County, and Plains Pipeline with additional participation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and California State Parks. Within hours, the CDFW closed fisheries and the following day Governor Brown declared a state of emergency for Santa Barbara County. The released oil caused heavy oiling of both on and offshore areas at Refugio State Beach and impacted other areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura. A number of factors created unique challenges for the management of this response. In addition to direct natural resource impacts, the closure of beaches and fisheries occurred days before the Memorial Day weekend resulting in losses for local businesses and lost opportunities for the public. The Santa Barbara community, with its history with oil spills and environmental activism, was extremely concerned and interested in involvement, including the use of volunteers on beaches. Also this area of the coast has significant tribal and archeologic resources that required sensitive handling and coordination. Finally, this area of California’s coast is a known natural seep area which created the need to distinguish spilled from ‘naturally occurring’ oil. Most emergency responses, including oil spills, follow a similar pattern of command establishment, response and cleanup phases, followed by non-response phase monitoring, cleanup and restoration. This paper will analyze the Refugio oil spill response in three primary focus areas: 1) identify the ways in which this spill response was unique and required innovative and novel solutions; 2) identify the ways in which this response benefited from the ‘lessons’ learned from both the Deepwater Horizon and Cosco Busan oil spills; and 3) provide a summary of OSPR’s response evaluation report for Refugio, with specific focus on how the lessons learned and best practices will inform future planning efforts within California.

Unannounced Drill Program: Testing Spill Management Team Capability through Vessel & Facility Oil Spill Contingency Plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017425
Author(s):  
Cassidee Shinn ◽  
Joe Stewart ◽  
Yvonne Addassi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Program Testing ◽  
Continued Education ◽  
Contingency Plans

California has approximately >10,000 vessels calling its ports each year, and 200–300 facilities state wide, many of which are required to have a California Oil Spill Contingency Plan (Contingency Plan) on file with Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR). Spill Management Teams (SMT), either staffed by Contingency Plan holders' employees or contracted out, and the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) structure must be described in these plans. OSPR introduced an unannounced SMT drill program (Program) in 2012 to ensure that Contingency Plan holders can successfully complete the proper initial notifications, activate their SMT, and use ICS in accordance with their approved Contingency Plan and California Code 820.01, Drills and Exercises. There are multiple goals of this Program, including the enhanced capability of SMTs, OSPR, and other partners. This Program provides continued education and training for Contingency Plan holders and SMTs in an effort to bolster the initial response phase of an actual incident. Through these drills, SMTs must demonstrate that they could make proper notifications and decisions during an actual incident and be staffed with trained personnel in ICS to fill positions before State and Federal representatives respond. Additionally, SMTs should deploy resources listed in their approved Contingency Plans and ensure those resources are up to date, available, and sufficient. Furthermore, drills provide an opportunity for OSPR and SMTs to build relationships through testing these procedures, which should make the initial response more efficient and effective. Lastly, the drills are often conducted with representatives from United States Coast Guard and Environmental Protection Agency, both of which have their own drill programs. Working in conjunction with federal partners ensures continuity and fewer required drills of SMTs. Since the beginning of the Program, SMTs continue to improve their response capabilities, validated by more successfully completed unannounced drills. OSPR has conducted 30 unannounced drills, all of which were on SMTs for marine facilities and vessels. With the expanded authority of OSPR to regulate facilities statewide in 2015, this Program will continue to grow. Ultimately, a more comprehensive Program should lead to enhanced SMT capability statewide, and therefore better protection of the State's natural resources overall. The goal of this poster will be to describe: 1) the history and purpose of this Program; 2) the lessons learned and improvements of SMTs and Contingency Plans; and 3) the expansion of the Program from marine to statewide.

Complexities of Oil Spill Contingency Planning for Railroads – Lessons Learned In Washington State

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2096-2109
Author(s):  
Linda Pilkey-Jarvis ◽  
Nhi Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Regulatory Requirement ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Contingency Plans

Abstract 2017-405 With the energy renaissance in the United States and the lack of inland pipeline distribution systems, increasingly railroads are transporting crude oil to coastal ports for refining and for further distribution over the water. In Washington State, rapidly changing modes of crude oil transportation, shifting away from vessel and towards rail delivery, resulted in a regulatory requirement for rail operators to develop state approved oil spill contingency plans. Oil spill planning for railroads can be complex, for instance, planning for spills in all types of terrains, environments and habitats, as railroads cross both inland and marine waters. Washington State regulations for railroad contingency plans have been developed in response to changes in oil movement and this paper presents lessons learned from that endeavor. During the rule process, a unit train carrying Bakken crude oil derailed in the Columbia River Gorge, providing an opportunity to draw those lessons into the final rules as adopted. This paper describes the State’s approach to working with large and small rail operators and concerned citizens, and shares the lessons that address the obstacles and opportunities unique to complex railroad oil spill planning.

SHORELINE CLEANUP IN NORWAY: LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal C. Guénette ◽  
Linn Aasnes ◽  
Odd Arne Folium
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Oil Type

ABSTRACT A summary of shoreline cleanup case studies in Norway is presented. Six spills, spanning more than two decades, are reviewed in terms of spill size, oil type, shoreline type, extent of oiling, cleanup techniques that were used, and lessons learned. This evaluation is based on situation reports, follow-up studies, and papers. The lessons learned and recommendations for improving the current response practices are discussed in terms of recent advances regarding current state of knowledge in oil spill behavior and cleanup techniques. These issues are addressed with reference to the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority's stated aim to strengthen shoreline cleanup response capabilities in Norway.

ON COURSE: THE CALIFORNIA UNIFIED OIL SPILL CONTROL TRAINING PARTNERSHIP

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 513-515
Author(s):  
John H. Giesen ◽  
Jon D. MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Response Training ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT Faced with training and travel dollar constraints, California's Department of Fish and Game and the 11th U.S. Coast Guard District worked to form a multiorganizational partnership designed to leverage required resources to conduct a premier operational-level oil spill response training program in the state. The partnership included no less than six major organizations from both the public and private sectors, each playing critical roles in planning and conducting the training. Major hurdles overcome were curriculum development and operational support. Both of these challenges were resolved through a unified management approach in which the ultimate objective became success of the course. The lessons learned from the program provide guidance and rationale for future such efforts.

Incorporating Well Control Support Functions into a Broader Oil Spill Response Organization

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 2098-2111
Author(s):  
Kelly Lynn Schnapp ◽  
Joseph Leonard ◽  
Michael Drieu ◽  
Bryan Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Response Organization ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT This paper seeks to better prepare the oil spill response community for incorporating well control into a response organization, based on conditional considerations rather than long and firmly held assumptions. Techniques used to control a well, after a blowout, are more closely related to technical well drilling and control activities rather than to operations intended to address oil in the environment. When oil is released from a well in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), response organizers need to consider various factors influencing the organization that may exist at the time. These include a working knowledge of well control by response leadership; strength of responder relationships; and response complexity (to include authority, stakeholder and public expectations). This is particularly true when incorporating the well control support function in the oil spill response operational planning processes, usually facilitated by the Incident Command System (ICS). Within the last three years, complex well control operations were uniquely incorporated into response organizations during two Government Initiated Unannounced Exercises (GIUEs) and during the DEEPWATER HORIZON incident. Three options will be presented. Considerations for incorporating well control into a response organization will be presented using the case studies noted previously and by comparing similar lessons learned from the salvage industry in the late 1990's. Options presented help demonstrate that response organization flexibility is key to a successful response. This paper seeks to illuminate options surrounding placement of well control within an incident command structure based upon unique incident situational realities.

ICS CONTRIBUTES TO THE NORTH CAPE OIL SPILL RESPONSE1

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 737-742
Author(s):  
LT Tina M. Burke ◽  
LT John P. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Management System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Incident Command System ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT In recent years, the usefulness of the incident command system (ICS) has received much attention. Much of the oil industry and several government agencies involved in all types of emergency response have been using ICS for many years. In addition, the U.S. Coast Guard formally adopted the national interagency incident management system (NIIMS) ICS as the response management system of choice in February of 1996. The response to the tank barge North Cape grounding was a complex multiagency effort that brought with it many of the issues and problems responders face when dealing with crisis situations. This paper describes the ICS-based organization that was established to respond to the major North Cape oil spill, analyzes the organization compared to standard ICS, and discusses how the ICS framework and principles contributed to the success of the response. It also explains how closer conformity to standard ICS could have remedied many of the issues that later surfaced as lessons learned, resulting in improved response efficiency. The North Cape response provides a vivid example of how ICS is a helpful management tool that, if rigorously learned and applied in a widespread fashion, can greatly enhance the nation's oil spill response posture.

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