scholarly journals Assessing the Share of Impaired Visual Function, Fine Motor Coordination and Visual-motor Integration in Dyslexic Children with the Eta/Mu Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Carlo Aleci ◽  
Francesca Vai
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Motor Domain ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
First Order ◽  
Visual Motor Integration ◽  
Visual Motor

Aims: A computational model aimed to estimate the proportion of visual/motor deficits (first-order defects) and visual-motor abnormal integration (second-order defect) in dyslexic children is described. Study Design: Single-masked case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Service of Neuro-Ophthalmology, University of Turin, between December 2017 and November 2018. Methodology: Twenty subjects (age 8-10) were administered a set of tests that recruit the visual and motor domain in different proportions. The score obtained in each trial is weighed by the correspondent share of visuoperceptive and motor recruitment. This way two indexes are obtained: Eta (h) and Mu (m), that quantify the expected and estimated damage of the two functions across the range of average performance. The difference between the expected and estimated level of damage in the two domains represents the quota of selective visuoperceptive / motor impairment of the subject. In turn, no or negligible difference in the presence of abnormal z-score would reveal impaired visual-motor integration with no evident visual or motor damage. Results: The model detected a prevalent first-order defect in the visuo perceptive or motor domain in 58% of the cases (visuo perceptive alteration: 27%, motor alteration: 73%), and a prevalent second-order defect in the remaining 42% of the subjects. Internal consistency was adequate for research and screening purpose (Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: from 0.77 to 0.84). Conclusion: The Eta/Mu model seems a promising tool to detect cases of visual and motor alteration as well as the level of visual-motor integration in dyslexic children. Further effort is needed to improve test-retest reliability by examining larger samples, so as to make it suitable to customize the rehabilitation program of children suffering from learning disabilities.

Longitudinal evaluation of fine motor deficits in children with leukemia

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8559-8559
Author(s):  
M. J. Hockenberry ◽  
K. Krull ◽  
I. M. Moore ◽  
A. Pasvogel ◽  
M. Gregurich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Visual Motor Integration ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Visual Motor

8559 Background: Fine motor assessments are important tools to use in screening children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that may provide decisive data that can reveal subtle changes in neurodevelopment over time. Methods: Fine motor and visual-motor skills were assessed longitudinally in a group of 83 children receiving treatment for ALL. Children in this study had the first fine motor assessment at an average of 8 weeks into treatment and had already received several doses of Vincristine. Fine motor and visual-motor skills assessments were repeated at years 1 and 2 into therapy. The mean age at time of first assessment was 7.2 years and 58% were female. Results: Fine motor speed deficits were evident at the first assessment, and for many, continued to be problematic at Years 1 and 2. In addition to fine motor speed deficits, a significant decline in visual motor integration skills was noted from the baseline level (p = 0.019). Visual motor integration skills observed at Years 1 and 2 were predicted by the baseline performance on the Purdue Pegboard test. Our results indicate that the factors underlying these declines in higher-level skills begin within six months of the onset of chemotherapy. Conclusions: Early reductions in fine motor speed, possibly due to Vincristine, steroids and/or acute Methotrexate toxicity, may lead to reduced visual motor integration and construction abilities. The reduced fine motor skills, which predict eventual declines in visual motor integration, may be part of the underlying process for reduced perceptual abilities and nonverbal intellect often reported in long-term follow-up studies. For children with ALL, motor and sensory-perceptual examinations during treatment may identify those most at risk for significant long-term effects interfering with integration of visual spatial construction. These basic processing skills are necessary elements to the development of higher-level cognitive abilities, including nonverbal intelligence and academic achievement, particularly in arithmetic and written language. Early identification of reduced processing skills can provide an opportunity to identify at risk patients and intervene prior to reduction in these higher-level skills. Supported by NIH/NICHD RO-1 Funding: Grant number HD 37816 No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Visual motor integration: generation, development, and its importance for ophthalmology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
E.A. Egorov ◽  
◽  
T.B. Romanova ◽  
E.G. Rybakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Visual Motor Coordination ◽  
Visual Motor Integration ◽  
Optical Correction ◽  
Visual Motor

Visual motor coordination (VMC) is the coordination of the motions and their elements resulting from the collaborative and simultaneous activity of the visual and motor analyzers required for daily activities, sports, and professional activities. The development of VMI begins in the early childhood and proceeds throughout human life being the most active within the first 10 years. VMC is a part of visual motor integration (VMI) defined as a complex combination of skills to correctly execute the movements of arms, legs, and body. The potential causes of impaired VMI are arrested development due to living conditions, organization of teaching, individual developmental or health characteristics; nervous system diseases (i.e., head injuries, cerebrovascular disorders, intoxication etc.); and, in particular, visual impairments. Since the quality of visual functions is an important component of good VMC, its generation and development require adequate vision correction. It was demonstrated that the degree of myopia may affect school performance in the areas requiring VMI. Optical correction of ametropias improves VMC. This should be considered when managing patients (in particular, children) with refractive errors. Keywords: visual motor coordination, visual and motor analyzers, visual functions, optical correction, micro-level orientation, fine motor skills, synchronization. For citation: Egorov E.A., Romanova T.B., Rybakova E.G. Visual motor integration: generation, development, and its importance for ophthalmology. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(1):14–17. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-14-17.

scholarly journals Visuo-motor integration, vision perception and attention in mTBI patients. Preliminary findings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250598
Author(s):  
Mariagrazia Benassi ◽  
Davide Frattini ◽  
Sara Garofalo ◽  
Roberto Bolzani ◽  
Tony Pansell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Motor Ability ◽  
Critical Flicker Fusion ◽  
Visuomotor Coordination ◽  
Form Recognition ◽  
Flicker Fusion

Patients with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) often report difficulties in motor coordination and visuo-spatial attention. However, the consequences of mTBI on fine motor and visuo-motor coordination are still not well understood. We aimed to evaluate whether mTBI had a concomitant effect on fine motor ability and visuo-motor integration and whether this is related to visual perception and visuo-spatial attention impairments, including patients at different symptoms stage. Eleven mTBI patients (mean age 22.8 years) and ten healthy controls participated in the study. Visuo-motor integration of fine motor abilities and form recognition were measured with the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration test, motion perception was evaluated with motion coherence test, critical flicker fusion was measured with Pocket CFF tester. Visuo-spatial was assessed with the Ruff 2 & 7 Selection Attention Test. mTBI patients showed reduced visuo-motor integration, form recognition, and motor deficits as well as visuo-spatial attention impairment, while motion perception and critical flicker fusion were not impaired. These preliminary findings suggest that the temporary brain insults deriving from mTBI compromise fine motor skills, visuomotor integration, form recognition, and visuo-spatial attention. The impairment in visuo-motor coordination was associated with speed in visuo-attention and correlated with symptoms severity while motor ability was correlated with time since concussion. Given the strong correlation between visuomotor coordination and symptom severity, further investigation with a larger sample seems warranted. Since there appeared to be differences in motor skills with respect to symptom stage, further research is needed to investigate symptom profiles associated with visuomotor coordination and fine motor deficits in mTBI patients.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CO-OP APPROACH IN IMPROVING VISUAL MOTOR INTEGRATION SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sheetal S. Gupta ◽  
◽  
Pritam V. Mehta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Visual Motor Integration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Motor

The importance of visual perception, motor coordination and visual motor integration (VMI) skills for school achievements has been shown in various studies. Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance or CO-OP is an evidence-based approach that has been effective in children with developmental coordination disorder and autism spectrum. The present study evaluated the effect of CO-OP approach in improving VMI skills in children with learning disability. Sample of 58 children were included in the study. National Centre for Learning Disabilities (NCLD) Checklist was used as a screen tool and pre and post intervention Beery VMI and Canadian Occupational Performance Measures (COPM) was used as outcome measures.Occupational therapy program using CO-OP approach, based on each childs individualized goals. children were thought global strategy of GO-PLAN-DO-CHECK the sessions were conducted for 12 weeks one hour a day three times a week. After 12 weeks post assessment was done using t test. There significant difference in pre and post CO-OP intervention. p-value was found to be less than 0.0001 for VMI, COPM performance and satisfaction whereas, there was significant difference in motor coordination and visual perception component of Beery VMI. The result shows that CO-OP approach is effective in improving visual motor integration skills of children with learning disability.

A-170 Socioeconomic Status as a Predictor of Fine Motor and Graphomotor Outcomes in Patients with Pediatric Brain Tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1225
Author(s):  
Viannae Carmona ◽  
Dianne Kong ◽  
Ashley M Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Visual Motor Integration ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Motor Dexterity ◽  
Motor Outcomes ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract Objective As the field of neuropsychology strives to provide equitable care among diverse and disadvantaged populations, disparities in treatment and long-term outcomes continue to disproportionately impact individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES). Motor deficits are common following pediatric brain tumor (PBT) diagnoses. However, while the relationship between SES and cognitive outcomes in this population is well documented, the role of SES in predicting more basic motor outcomes is not yet understood. This retrospective cross-sectional study was designed to determine the impact of SES on fine motor and graphomotor outcomes in PBT patients to ensure appropriate interventions and accommodations for those at higher risk. Method 225 patients with PBT (52.9% male; $ \overset{-}{\textrm{x}} $ age = 12 yrs; SD = 5.3 yrs) underwent neuropsychological evaluation, including assessment of graphomotor speed/coordination, visual-motor integration, and fine motor dexterity. Estimated median household income was used as a proxy for SES ($ \overset{-}{\textrm{x}} $=$71,543; SD = $23,480). Linear regression analyses were used to explore the role of SES in predicting motor outcomes. Results Lower SES predicted poorer graphomotor speed, F(1,96) = 5.205, p = 0.013, graphomotor coordination, F(1,60) = 3.890, p = 0.027, visual-motor integration, F(1,88) = 8.116, p = 0.003, and fine motor dexterity, F(1,166) = 3.755, p = 0.027. All analyses were significant even after implementing false discovery rates. Conclusions Consistent with lower SES predicting poorer cognitive late effects, SES also plays a role in motor-related outcomes of PBT. Unfortunately, lower SES is also associated with barriers in accessing formal evaluations and services required to mitigate such deficits. Therefore, patients with lower SES should be considered higher risk and receive interventions and accommodations even in the absence of formal assessment to prevent delays in care.

Methodological Investigation of Vibration Effects on Performance of Three Tasks

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Guignard ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Robert C. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Frequency Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Mental Computation ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Iso 2631

Twenty young Naval enlisted male volunteers were first rehearsed and then tested before, during, and after vertical (z-axis) whole-body vibration. Fourteen were tested only at 8 Hz, and six were tested at 8 Hz/0.21 gz rms, 16 Hz/0.43 gz rms and 32 Hz/0.85 gz rms, using three paper-and-pencil tasks involving visual, motor, and cognitive skills. The tasks were ‘Spoke’, a speed of tapping test; “Aiming”, a test of fine motor coordination; and “Coding”, involving mental computation. Results showed an approximately equal decrement across conditions in the Spoke and Coding (but not Aiming) tests that conforms with the frequency function embodied in the current international standard (ISO 2631–1978) on human exposure to vibration. In addition, it was found that a modicum of vibration experience may be necessary before reliable data are obtained in this kind of testing. Implications for methodology and for the application of the current standard are briefly discussed.

Learning Disabled Students in Physical Education

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Sherrill ◽  
Jean L. Pyfer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Fine Motor Coordination ◽  
Visual Motor

Many learning disabled students demonstrate psychological/behavioral and perceptual motor characteristics that affect physical education placement and programming. Among the characteristics exhibited by these students are hyperactivity, disorders of attention, impulsivity, poor self-concept, social imperception, delay in social play development, and deficiencies in body equilibrium, visual motor control, bilateral coordination, repetitive finger movements, and fine motor coordination. Activities found to benefit learning disabled students are jogging, relaxation, highly structured teacher-directed routines, and noncompetitive games, all of which must be carefully sequenced. Testing must be done to determine the type and extent of the learning disabled students’ problems, and activities must be selected on the basis of the results of such tests.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to cognitive and motor impairment in FOXP1 syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Henning Froehlich ◽  
Felipe Bodaleo Torres ◽  
Rangel Leal Silva ◽  
Amit Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Cytochrome C Release ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial homeostasis - influenced by both genetic and environmental factors - is crucial in neurodevelopment. FOXP1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests motor dysfunction, intellectual disability, autism and language impairment. In this study, we used a Foxp1+/- mouse model to address whether cognitive and motor deficits in FOXP1 syndrome are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Here we show that genes with a role in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics (e.g. Foxo1, Pgc-1α, Tfam, Opa1, and Drp1) were dysregulated in the striatum of Foxp1+/- mice at different postnatal stages. Furthermore, in the striatum of Foxp1+/- animals, mitochondrial membrane potential was disrupted, and reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and cytochrome c release were significantly elevated. These features can explain the reduced neurite branching, learning and memory, endurance, and motor coordination that we observed in these animals. Taken together, we provide strong evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in Foxp1+/- mice, suggesting that insufficient energy supply and excessive oxidative stress underlies the cognitive and motor impairment in FOXP1 deficiency.

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