scholarly journals Line × Tester Method Used to Evaluate the Inbred Lines of Field Corn

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
M. M. Hoque ◽  
H. Z. Raihan ◽  
Tanjila Nasreen Trina ◽  
Md. Razzab Ali
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Standard Heterosis

Nineteen selected lines of field corn were crossed in a line × tester method with two testers to produce 38 hybrids during rabi 2018-2019. In the following year, all the hybrids were raised along with five commercial checks in an alpha lattice design with two replications. The lines E34, BML75, BML76, BML249, BIL106, CML465, CML481 and CML487 were better among the parents, showing GCA effects for yield and other traits could be used extensively in hybrid breeding program owing to increase yield. Furthermore, based on mean, SCA effects and standard heterosis of yield value, the crosses BML75 x BIL79, E34XBIL157, BML76 x BIL157 and BML249 x BIL157 were found to be better to increase the grain yield along with other traits and play pivotal role to development of commercial hybrid.

scholarly journals Combining Ability Study for Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines Adapted to Mid-Altitude Agroecology of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-304
Author(s):  
Lemi Mideksa Yadesa ◽  
Sentayehu Alamerew ◽  
Berhanu Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Almost All

In spite of the importance of quality protein maize to alleviate protein deficiency, almost all maize varieties cultivated in Ethiopia are normal maize varieties, which are devoid of lysine and tryptophan. Perusing the combining ability of QPM inbred for grain yield and its components is vital to design appropriate breeding strategies for the development of nutritionally enhanced maize cultivars. A line x tester analysis involving 36 crosses generated by crossing 9  elite maize inbred lines with 4 testers were evaluated for different desirable agronomic traits during the 2019 main season at BNMRC and JARC. The experiment was conducted using alpha lattice design with 3 replications. The objectives were to determine the combining ability of quality protein maize inbred lines, adapted to mid altitude agroecology of Ethiopia for agronomic traits. The crosses were evaluated in alpha lattice design replicated 3 times. Analyses of variances showed significant mean squares due to crosses for almost all the traits studied. GCA mean squares due to lines and testers were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) for most studied traits. SCA mean squares were also significant for most attributes across locations. The comparative importance of GCA and SCA variances observed in the current study for most studied traits indicated the preponderance of additive genetic variance in governing these attributes. Only L3 was the best general combiner for grain yield. Inbred line L3, for days to anthesis and L5 for days to silking had negative and significant GCA effects. L5 and L6 displayed negative and significant GCA effects for plant and ear height. Crosses, L2xT4, L3xT4, L4xT4, L5xT2, L6xT3, L7xT2, L9xT1 and L9xT4 were good specific combiners for grain yield. In general, these genotypes help as a source of promising alleles that could be used for forthcoming breeding work in the development of quality protein maize cultivars with desirable traits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids for Economic Heterosis under Different Soil Moisture Regimes at North Eastern Plain Zone of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Ashok Singamsetti ◽  
J. P. Shahi ◽  
P. H. Zaidi ◽  
K. Seetharam ◽  
Kartik Madankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Waterlogged Condition ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Standard Heterosis ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Positive Heterosis

The present experiment was conducted to understand the effect of soil moisture status on the economic or standard heterosis in fifty maize hybrids for grain yield and flowering traits.  The trials were planted at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi in alpha-lattice design with two replications. The analysis of variance revealed the significant differences for grain yield and flowering related traits such as days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking and anthesis-silking interval under all the moisture conditions including optimal, managed drought and managed waterlogging conditions. Significant amount of heterosis was observed over the selected check P3502 for all the traits under study; however, the magnitude and direction varied with traits and with soil moisture level. For days to 50% anthesis, hybrids ZH17192, VH112926, VH123021, ZH114250, ZH16929 and ZH16930 were showed significant negative heterosis under all the moisture conditions that explained earliness under both moisture-stress and normal conditions. Among the tested hybrids, VH123021 and ZH16929 were recorded significant negative standard heterosis for flowering traits; and significant positive heterosis for grain yield under all the three moisture conditions. Six hybrids under drought, seven hybrids under optimal and two hybrids under waterlogged condition showed positive standard heterosis for grain yield. Further evaluation of these hybrids at multi-locations and multi-year is advisable to confirm the promising findings observed in our study. This study could be valuable for development of climate-resilient maize hybrids.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis for yield, precocity and height in yellow maize genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-429
Author(s):  
Victor Mario García Mora ◽  
Julián Chura Chuquija ◽  
Julio Torres
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Additive Genes

The objective of the present study was to determine the general combinatorial aptitude (GCA), specific combinatorial aptitude (SCA) and heterosis in inbred lines of yellow maize and its crosses for, the yield of grain, height of plant and ear and days to male and female flowering. Six inbred lines from CIMMYT, their direct crosses and four controls were evaluated at UNALM during 2016-2018, under a 5 x 5 lattice design with four repetitions. The effects of GCA and SCA were calculated using method II, model I of Griffing. Heterosis was measured based on the mean and best parent. Heterosis was measured based on the mean and best parent. The combined analysis of years showed significance (p ≤ 0.01) in: genotypes by years for days to male and female flowering; GCA for years for days to male flowering and SCA for years for days to female flowering. The effects of ACG for grain yield were significant in lines CML 229 and CML 428, for plant height, precocity, ear and precocity CML 487 line highlighted. The effect of ACE was superior in the cross CML 453 x CML 486 for the grain yield character. Heterosis was higher for the grain yield in the CML 229 x CML 453 and CML 453 x CML 487 crosses. The GCA / SCA relationship evidenced effects of additive genes on plant height, days to male and female flowering, therefore, for grain yield and ear height, non-additive effects governed.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Gene Action of Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines under Low and High Nitrogen Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafouasson Apala Hortense Noëlle ◽  
Kenga Richard ◽  
Gracen Vernon ◽  
Yeboah Agyei Martin ◽  
Mahamane Nasser Laouali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Gene Effect ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

This study was conducted to determine combining ability and gene action in elite maize inbred lines under low and high soil nitrogen conditions for hybrid breeding. Forty two tropical inbred lines (three testers and 39 lines) were crossed using line × tester mating design. The resulting 117 F1 hybrids, along with 4 hybrids used as checks, were evaluated using an 11 × 11 lattice design with two replications for grain yield and yield related traits during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at two sites (Mbalmayo and Nkolbisson). Results revealed predominant additive gene effect under high soil nitrogen (N) conditions. Non-additive gene effect influenced grain yield under low soil and thus could be exploited for hybrid development. Under high N conditions inbred lines CLYN246, J16-1, CLWN201, TL-11-A-1642-5, CLQRCWQ26 and 1368 were good general combiners. Lines CML 343, ATP S6 20-Y-1, CLWN201, 1368, ATP S9 30 Y-1 and CLQRCWQ26 were good general combiners for grain yield under low N. They could be used to develop low N tolerant varieties. Different single cross hybrid combinations were identified for high grain yields under both low and high N conditions. The selected lines and single cross hybrids are a useful source of valuable genetic material for future maize hybrid breeding or direct production under low N.

Genetic variation in sorghum as revealed by phenotypic and SSR markers: implications for combining ability and heterosis for grain yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyene Amelework ◽  
Hussien Shimelis ◽  
Mark Laing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

AbstractHybrid breeding relies on selection of genetically unrelated and complementary parents for key traits. The objective of this study was to examine genetic variation and identify unique sorghum genotypes using phenotypic and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and to determine their relationships with combining ability and heterosis for grain yield. A total of 32 landraces and four cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines were phenotyped using 25 agro-morphological traits and genotyped with 30 polymorphic SSR markers. The landraces were crossed with four CMS lines using a line × tester mating design. The 128 hybrids, 36 parentals and four check varieties were field-evaluated using a 12 × 14 alpha lattice design with three replications. General combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis for grain yield were determined. Genetic distance estimates ranged from 0.39 to 0.60 and 0.50 to 0.79, based on phenotypic and SSR markers, respectively. Landraces 72572, 75454, 200654, 239175, 239208, 244735A and 242039B and CMS lines ICSA 743 and ICSA 756 displayed positive and significant GCA effects for grain yield. Based on the SCA effects of yield, lines were classified into three heterotic groups aligned to the different cytoplasmic systems of testers. Lines with high GCA effects rendered hybrids with highly significant SCA effects with high mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for grain yield. Both marker systems were effective in demarcating sorghum genotypes that provided desirable cross-combinations with high combining ability effects and MPH for grain yield. The selected genotypes are recommended as potential parents for sorghum hybrid breeding in moisture stress environments.

scholarly journals Breeding Strategy for Resistance to Striga Asiatica Based on Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tropical Maize Lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Brian Nyandoro ◽  
Stanford Mabasa ◽  
Peter S. Setimela ◽  
Martina Kyalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Striga Asiatica

Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple crop in southern Africa and is produced on millions of hectares. However, its yield is greatly reduced by Striga spp, a parasitic weed which is causing US$ 7 billion losses annually. Use of host resistance could be an effective way of controlling Striga and resistance to Striga is quantitative, mainly controlled by additive gene action. Understanding the population structure and genetic diversity is therefore key in designing an effective breeding program targeting grain yield heterosis and resistance to Striga. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of the key germplasm from tropical Africa. This information could guide in the identification of heterotic groups and potential testers required to kick start a maize breeding program for Striga asiatica in southern Africa. A total of 222 maize inbred lines from IITA and CIMMYT were used in this study. The materials were genotyped using the genotyping-by-sequencing method. A total of 45 000 SNP markers were revealed, and these were subjected to analysis of molecular variance, structure analysis and clustering using the Gower’s distance and neighbor joining algorithm. Molecular variance was lager within individuals (91%) than among populations (9%). The inbred lines clustered into three major groups, with the IITA germplasm clustering separately from CIMMYT germplasm. A breeding strategy for Striga asiatica resistance was proposed with the aim of increasing genetic gains in both the resistance and grain yield.

scholarly journals Determinación del patrón heterótico de 30 líneas de maíz derivadas de la población 43SR del CIMMYT.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Terron ◽  
Ernesto Preciado ◽  
Hugo Córdova ◽  
Raymundo López
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Heterotic Group ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Observed 30 selected lines were crossed to two testers: CML-320 (heterotic group “A”) and CML- 321 (heterotic group “B”). The 60 line x tester combinations were evaluated at four location in the subtropical region of Mexico. In the combined analysis across locations the variance componentsfor the GCA and SCA were significant for grain yield. Significant SCA values allowed the separation of the inbred lines into two opposite heterotic groups based on the performance of the test crosses. On the basis of this information, two synthetics were formed with 7 inbred lines each defined as heterotic groups “A” and “B”. Nine single crosses outyielded the commercial check hybrid. Across locations the top yielder hybrid produced 9.48 t/ha which was 15.6% higher than the check. Average yield by location was 7.1, 3.8, 11.1 and 9.0 t/ha at Tlaltizapán, Tlajomulco, Celaya y Pabellón, respectively. Positive and significant GCA values were observed in six inbred lines. The GCA effects ranged from 1.18 to -2.19. The inbred lines from this study can effectively be used in hybridization programs.

scholarly journals Genotype by Trait Associations among Drought Tolerant Maize Inbred Lines

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Cousin Musvosvi ◽  
Mruthunjaya C. Wali
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Trait Associations

Twelve tropical, yellow maize inbred lines identified as drought tolerant were evaluated in multi environments, including managed drought, rain fed and irrigated conditions. The objective was to study genotype-trait associations across environments. A 3 × 4 a-lattice design with two replications was used in each environment. Data were recorded for twenty-one traits. Combined analysis of variance using data from all environments was done for all traits using the GLM procedure in SAS version 9.3. Genotype by trait associations were revealed using the genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment biplot model in GENSTAT 14th Edition. Inbred lines which were associated with high grain yield and related desirable traits such as a low drought susceptibility index under managed drought were DMR-M-81, DMR-M-88, FA6, GPM36 and M39. Across the diverse environments, DMR-M-84, DMR-M-88, FA6 and GPM36 were associated with grain yield and/or its related traits. The inbred lines associated with desirable traits could be evaluated for combining ability in order to know their desirability in cultivar development. These inbred lines could be used as female parents in seed production programmes since high productivity and drought tolerance are important qualities of female parents in seed production.

AVALIAÇÃO DE LINHAGENS S3 DE MILHO EM CRUZAMENTO TOPCROSS EM DOIS ESPAÇAMENTOS ENTRE LINHAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ GABRIEL ◽  
MARCOS VENTURA FARIA ◽  
MARCELO CRUZ MENDES ◽  
EMANUEL GAVA ◽  
WELTON LUIZ ZALUSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
Topcross Hybrids

 RESUMO – A utilização de híbridos comerciais é uma opção para gerar populações-base para obter novas linhagens superiores. Portanto, objetivou-se com a pesquisa selecionar linhagens S3 superiores para produtividade de grãos, avaliadas em dois espaçamentos, para ser avançadas no processo de endogamia. Para isso, foram avaliados 75 híbridos topcrosses juntamente com seis híbridos comerciais (DKB245 PRO2, P30F53 H, P30B39 H, AS1572, DKB315 PRO e SG6030 PRO). Foi utilizado o delineamento látice triplo 9x9 para avaliação de florescimento masculino (FM), altura de planta (AP), altura de espiga (AE), prolificidade (PR) e produtividade de grãos (PG). Houve diferença significativa entre genótipos para todas as características avaliadas, interação genótipo x espaçamento para a PG e AE. Não foi constatada diferença significativa para espaçamento entre linhas. Os híbridos topcrosses TC102-05, TC102-06, TC102-15, TC102-16, TC102-17, TC102-21 e TC102-24 se destacaram nos dois espaçamentos entre linhas, aliando características de produtividade de grãos, estatura e ciclo precoce, cujas respectivas linhagens deverão ser avançadas no processo de endogamia.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., testador, linhagens parcialmente endogâmicas. EVALUATION OF S3 MAIZE LINES TOPCROSSED IN TWO ROW SPACINGS ABSTRACT – The use of commercial hybrids is an option to generate base populations for obtaining new superior lines. The objective of this study was to select S3 lines superior for grain yield, evaluated in two row spacings, to be advanced in the process of inbreeding. For this, 75 topcross hybrids were evaluated along with six commercial hybrids (DKB245 PRO2, P30F53 H, P30B39 H, AS1572, DKB315 PRO and SG6030 PRO). The 9x9 triple lattice design was used.to evaluate the agronomic traits of male flowering (MF), plant height (PH), ear heigth (EH), prolificacy (PR) and grain yield (GY). There was a significant difference between genotype for all traits evaluated, interaction genotype x spacing for EH and GY. No significant difference was observed for line spacing. The topcross hybrids TC102- 05, TC102-06, TC102-15, TC102-16, TC102-17, TC102-21 and TC102-24 were superior in the two row spacings, combining the characters of grain yield, stature and early cycle, whose lines should be advanced in the process of endogamy.Keywords: Zea mays L., tester, partially inbred lines.

Performance Evaluation of Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Common bean Genotypes at Yabello and Abaya, Southern Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Ejigu Ejara, Wassu Mohammed, Berhanu Amsalu ◽  
Zinash Misgana, Mulatu Gabisa, Ganane Tasama
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Borana Zone ◽  
Home Consumption

Common bean is among the major crops grown in southern Ethiopia including Borana zone where the majority of the farmers are Agro-pastoralist and produce the crop mainly for home consumption. The area has potential to the production of common bean for food and nutrition security as well as export commodity. However, scarcity of varieties that fit to the environment is one of the major constraints of production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate 36 common bean genotypes including seven released varieties to evaluate performance of genotypes for yield and agronomic traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2015 at two locations (Abaya and Yabello) and genotypes were planted in triple lattice design. Data were collected on yield and important agronomic traits. Analysis of variance computed for individual locations and combined analysis over locations revealed significant variations among genotypes for all traits. Moreover, 16.67% of the genotypes had mean grain yield greater than the best performing released variety across locations and the genotypes showed a grain yield as high as 3.25 tons ha-1. Based on results of this study it is recommended to test the high yielding and early maturing genotypes at many locations to develop preferred varieties across many locations.

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