scholarly journals Mechanical Drying System’ Adoption and its Impact on Cocoa Beans Quality and Household Incomes at Farm Level: A Case Study of Central and South-West Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Edgar Wakam Ouokam ◽  
Michael Osei Appiah ◽  
Fenchou Morelle Falonne ◽  
Yan Yunxian
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Household Incomes

Drying has been considered as a key farm-based, quality determining unit operation in the cocoa processing chain which can have an integral effect on the bean quality. In recent years, minimal attention has been directed to this process mainly because of the outdated methods and lack of technical know-how with regards to the modern technology adoption by producers. This article therefore aimed to analyze the adoption and welfare impacts of the Mechanical Drying System in Cameroon using data from a sample of 128 farm households. Using well-structured questionnaires, six villages were included in our study, and about 19 farmers from each village were approached and interviewed. The survey collected valuable information on several issues at the farm level: the data on farmer resources, drying activities, technology choices, constraints, socio-economic profiles, input markets, and cocoa beans processing markets. Using various treatment effect estimators, such as Endogenous Switching Regression, Propensity Score Matching, and Inverse Probability Weighting, our results revealed that adoption of the Mechanical Drying System leads to substantial gains in crop quality, and household incomes. For asset value, households that adopted the MDS technology had a per capita asset value of XAF2608.22 compared to those households that did not adopt the MDS who had a per capita asset value of about XAF412.83 less. Our ESR results further depicted that the adoption of MDS lowered the probability of poverty by 9.29% points for adopters compared to non-adopters. Also, ESR results indicated that the adoption of MDS increased the probability of MDS security for adopters by 37.68% points compared to non-adopters. On average, our PSM results depicted that, MDS adoption increased yield in the range of 614.74 to 679.04 kg/ha for adopters compared to non-adopters and the household income per capita from 86.21 XAF to 108.95 XAF for adopters compared to non-adopters. ATT results also demonstrated that farmers who adopted MDS had higher yields 679.04Kg/ha compared to those who did not adopt the MDS technology which resulted in higher household incomes, and decreased risk of high levels of poverty. Although the magnitude of the estimated effects varied between the three econometric models, the qualitative results were consistent and like the descriptive statistics. Hence, we concluded from our study that, the adoption of MDS by farm producers led to substantial gains in crop quality, and household incomes. Therefore, stimulating agricultural growth depends largely on policies that promote technology adoption at the farm level.

Nonfarm diversification and the well-being of rural farm households in developing countries: Evidence from Ghana using new dataset

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-229
Author(s):  
Bernardin Senadza ◽  
Edward Nketiah-Amponsah ◽  
Samuel Ampaw
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the impact of participation in both farm and nonfarm activities on both household consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and household per capita income, in rural Ghana. The objective is to ascertain whether the results are sensitive to the choice of well-being measure. We use a nationally representative dataset on 8,059 rural farm households collected in 2012/13. In order to account for potential selectivity and endogeneity biases, which previous studies failed to correct for, we adopt the endogenous switching regression (ESR) estimation technique. We find diversified households to be systematically different from their undiversified counterparts in terms of socioeconomic and demographic centeracteristics, thus justifying the empirical method used. Our results indicate a higher observed mean consumption for the diversified sub-sample compared to its counterfactual, implying that households participating in nonfarm enterprise activities in addition to farming have greater mean consumption compared to households engaged solely in farming. Similar conclusions are reached when income instead is used as the well-being indicator. Our findings, thus, indicate that the well-being implication of farm-nonfarm diversification is insensitive to the choice of well-being measure.

scholarly journals Determinants of household income of micro-finance women participants: a quantile regression approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Jarita Duasa ◽  
Nur Hidayah Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to adopt quantile regression to investigate the impact of several factors on per capita income of participants of micro-financing scheme (Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia [AIM]), who are mostly women at different point on the income distributions. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data collected from a survey on respondents who are the participants of AIM program using convenience sampling in Perak and Kelantan. Findings The empirical results show that the value of asset, value of loan, household size, ratio of spending to income and dummy state are consistently giving similar impacts on per capita income of participants at different quantiles. Originality/value However, age negatively and significantly affects per capita income only at middle and lower quantiles but not at higher quantile of per capita income.

Motivation to Invest in Advanced Manufacturing Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Josef Hynek ◽  
Václav Janeček
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Potential Benefits

This paper presents selected results of postal survey focused on advanced manufacturing technology adoption and utilization that was carried out in the Czech Republic two years ago. We have narrowed our focus on motivation of managers of manufacturing companies to invest in modern technology here. We believe that the most important motives are strongly linked to potential benefits that are associated with particular technology and that is why we have studied various benefits of advanced manufacturing technology and we put it into context of the problems the managers have to face nowadays. Our results show that from this perspective there are many good reasons to invest in modern technology.

scholarly journals Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 BC?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Comin ◽  
William Easterly ◽  
Erick Gong
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Technological Differences ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
The Cost

We assemble a dataset on technology adoption in 1000 BC, 0 AD, and 1500 AD for the predecessors to today's nation states. Technological differences are surprisingly persistent over long periods of time. Our most interesting, strong, and robust results are for the association of 1500 AD technology with per capita income and technology adoption today. We also find robust and significant technological persistence from 1000 BC to 0 AD, and from 0 AD to 1500 AD. The evidence is consistent with a model where the cost of adopting new technologies declines sufficiently with the current level of adoption. (JEL N10, O33, O47)

scholarly journals Estimation of the Effect of Cassava Commercialization on Different Household Income Measurements in Kilifi County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Florence Opondo ◽  
George Owuor ◽  
Patience Mshenga ◽  
Andre Louw ◽  
Daniel Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cassava Crop

The transformation of agricultural production from subsistence to commercially oriented outcomes is a topical matter in the rural and socio-economic development discourse. Cassava crop is being promoted for commercialization because of its tolerance to harsh climatic conditions experienced in arid and semi-arid areas. Furthermore, there is high potential for the tuber crop to improve household income. In Kenya, a number of interventions have been directed towards commercializing cassava. The effect of commercialization on household income has not been established. Distinct from other studies, this study estimated the effect of cassava commercialization on three different income measures namely per capita, annual and per acre revenue. A household survey was conducted in Kilifi County in Kenya where 200 respondents were randomly selected. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. A two-stage endogenous switching regression model was fitted to determine the effect of commercialization on the different income measures. The proportion of households that commercialized was 69% while the remaining 31% did not. The study found that majority of the households marketed low value-added cassava products. The results reveal that farmers who engaged in cassava commercialization enjoyed relatively more income than their counterparts. Off-farm income, age of the household head and distance to market had a negative significant influence in all the income estimates. Group membership was only significant for the per acre income while household size was negative and statistically significant in both per acre and per capita incomes. Findings point out the importance of promoting policies that will enhance cassava commercialization.

scholarly journals Smallholder Coffee Productivity as Affected by Socioeconomic Factors and Technology Adoption

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Wambua ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu ◽  
Samuel N. Ndirangu
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Despite the increase in area under coffee in Kenya in the last decade, productivity has been on the decline. Numerous production technologies have been developed through on-station research but there has been limited on-farm research to assess the impact of these technologies at the farm level. On the other hand, smallholder farmers are endowed differently and this would positively or negatively affect the adoption of recommended technologies and hence coffee productivity. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic factors and technology adoption on smallholder coffee productivity at the farm level. The study employed stratified random sampling where 376 farmers were randomly sampled from six cooperative societies which had been preselected using probability proportional to the size sampling technique. The effects of socioeconomic factors and technology adoption on coffee productivity were analyzed using the stochastic Cobb-Douglas production function. The study revealed that off-farm income, access to credit, type of land tenure, and land size had significant positive effects on coffee productivity. Therefore, coffee farmers should be encouraged to diversify their income sources and to embrace credit financing, as the government reviews land use policies to avail adequate agricultural land. The study further revealed that the adoption of recommended application rates of manure, fungicides, and pesticides had significant positive effects on coffee productivity. The adoption of these technologies should therefore be enhanced among small-scale farmers to improve coffee productivity at the farm level.

Income Inequalities among Rural Households of Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Distribution Of Income

ABSTRACT The study aimed to examine the inequality in income among various categories of households of rural Punjab. An attempt was made to compare and contrast the relative shares of the different components of income items in the total income of the households across the different rural household categories, along with examining the inequalities in the distribution of income prevailing therein. The analysis showed that an average rural household earns around one and a half lakh rupees annually in rural Punjab. There were considerable variations in the income levels earned among the different rural household categories. The farm business income is the most important component of household income for the farmer households, followed by livestock, pension and salary from private jobs. There were considerable differences in the range of average per capita and the average household incomes of the various rural categories. The per capita income earned by large farm households was 10.79 of times the per capita income earned by agricultural labour households.

Economic growth based on agricultural modernisation

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092098370
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Miao Zeng ◽  
Jiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Productivity

Agricultural modernisation is a way for China to implement its strategy of ‘Rural Revitalisation’ and comprehensively build a modern socialist country. Based on a two-sector theoretical model, this paper explores the factors restraining the transformation from traditional to modern agriculture and their relationship with economic growth. Using a sample of 31 provinces and cities in mainland China from 1990 to 2016, the results show that the relative price of industrial and agricultural products has a direct impact on the willingness of people to adopt modern technology. Specifically, the relative price of industrial and agricultural products forms a single combined threshold for agricultural modernisation, while the relative productivity of industry and agriculture form a double threshold for per capita GDP, these also show a significant nonlinear relationship. Moreover, the agricultural modernisation of the provinces and cities in the mainland of China is not randomly distributed. There are hot spots with high-value aggregations. The relative productivity has a significant spillover effect on per capita income, and has a negative impact on per capita income in neighbouring areas. Agricultural modernisation can breakthrough economic stagnation and become the driving force for the economy to enter a new round of growth.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Conservation Agriculture Technologies at Farm Level in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
M.A. Monayem Miah ◽  
M. Enamul Haque ◽  
Richard W. Bell ◽  
M. Abdur Rouf ◽  
M. A. Rouf Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Significant Positive Influence ◽  
Residue Retention

Conservation agriculture (CA) is a win-win approach that reduces operational costs, including machinery, labour, and fuel, while increasing yields, profit and better utilization of natural resources. Data and information on farm level CA technology adoption are scarce in Bangladesh.Therefore, the study was conducted at three Upazilas of Rajshahi and Thakurgaon districts to assess adoption and farmers perceptions on CA technology, and to determine the factors of CA technology adoption at farm level in 2017. A total of 405 farmers taking 135 adopters and 270 non-adopters were selected randomly for this study. The study revealed that CA technology adoption is still going on in the study areas. However,the rates of adoptions of crop residue retention (67%) and crop rotations (38.9%) were much higher compared to minimum tillage (14.9%). Residue retention (68.9%) and suitable crop rotations (34.4%) were also practiced by the non-adopters. The age, innovativeness, and extension contactof the farmers and availability of VMP had significant positive influence on the adoption of CA technologies. The major problems of adoption were non-availability of minimum tillage planter, lack of knowledge and awareness of the farmer, and no/little subsidy provision on planter.Increasing the availability of VMP, providing training on CA methods,and providing subsidy on planter are important to increase CA technology adoption at farm level.

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