Invitro Antimalarial and Antibacterial Activities of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Frankincense Tree (Boswellia dalzielii) and Leaves Extract of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
S. Salihu ◽  
C. A. Otitolaiye ◽  
M. U. Hizbullah
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Falciparum Parasite

Aim: This research investigated the anti-malarial and antibacterial activities of stem bark methanol extract of Frankincense tree and Kenaf leaves extract on Plasmodium falciparum parasite and against five clinically significant bacteria. Study Design: Laboratory-experimental design was used for this study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out between September 2019 and November 2019 at Biochemistry and Microbiology laboratories, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria. Methodology: The in vitro antimalarial activity test was conducted by determining the parasitemia for each sample concentration by manual counting on thin Giemsa smears after a 24-hour incubation with the extracts in order to determine the IC50 values. The antibacterial study was done using a modified agar well diffusion technique. Results: The testing revealed that methanol stem bark extract of Frankincense tree and Kenaf leaves exhibited good and potent (very good) antimalarial activities against P. falciparum respectively with IC50 values of 1.25 μg/mL and 0.16 μg/mL respectively. They also show good inhibitory activities against E.coli but slight inhibitory activities against the other pathogens tested. Conclusion: The current study indicates that extracts of these plants exhibit anti-malarial and antibacterial activities and may serve as useful sources of drugs for treatment of malaria caused by P. falciparum parasite as well as bacterial infections caused by the tested bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity, Phytochemical Composition and Acute Toxicity Tests of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Alstonia boonei De Wild

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Chidiebere A. Otuu ◽  
Rose N. N. Obiezue ◽  
Chris I. Okoye ◽  
Innocent C. J. Omalu ◽  
Ada Q. A. Otuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Many modern medicines are derived from the chemicals available in plants. The utilization of plants against diseases by traditional medical practitioners is common in many parts of the world and several researches have been carried out to determine the scientific basis for the use of such plants. Alstonia boonei is one of the many medicinal plants found in Nigeria. The plant parts have been traditionally used to treat various ailments including malaria. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimalarial activity, phytochemical composition and toxicity of ethanolic stem bark extract of Alstonia boonei. The extract showed substantial dose dependent antimalarial activity as indicated by the recorded suppressive (45.67%, 58.53% and 74.68% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) prophylactic (33.57%, 45.64% and 61.23% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) and curative effects (62.35%, 68.57% and 79.63% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) on Plasmodium berghei infected white albino mice. The results of the antimalarial tests were significantly different compared to the negative control at P < 0.05. The phytochemical evaluation showed that the plant contained important chemical compounds including tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids. The acute toxicity test showed that the extract is safe as observed on the tested mice. It was concluded that the extract contains important active antimalarial compounds that are safe and should be further investigated for antimalarial drug development.

scholarly journals LC-MS/MS and Cytotoxic Activity Analysis of Extract and Fraction of Calophyllum soulattri Stembark

2021 ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
Muhamad Salman Fareza ◽  
Nur Amalia Choironi ◽  
Sri Sutji Susilowati ◽  
Melina Puspita Rini ◽  
Vyola Festihawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Mcf 7

Calophyllum soulattri (Sulatri), a plant from Clusiaceae family, has been empirically used as traditional medicine. In the present study, C. soulattri stem bark extract and fractions were evaluated for their toxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell. The extract and fraction’s chemical content was analyzed using the combination of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that methanol extract and n-hexane fractions have strong cytotoxic activity with IC50 values 93.6 and 36 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, as the positive control, ethyl acetate and cisplatin fractions have IC50 values 233 and 16.2 µg/mL, respectively. The LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the extract and fractions contained polyporusterone A, poricoic acid D, polyporusterone F, esulentagenin, and 1-acetyl-3-(methoxy-carbonyl)-β-carboline. Therefore, C. soulattri stem bark extract and fractions have potential activity as an anticancer agent that was able to inhibit MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth.  

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of saponin fractions of Erythropheleum suaveolens (Guill. and Perri.) stem bark extract

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 826-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Akinpelu ◽  
O. A. Igbeneghu ◽  
A. I. Awotunde ◽  
E. O. Iwalewa ◽  
O. O. Oyedapo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Antimalarial Compounds from the Stem Bark of Vismia laurentii

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diderot T. Noungoue ◽  
Mehdi Chaabi ◽  
Silvère Ngouela ◽  
Cyril Antheaume ◽  
Fabrice F. Boyom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Compounds

A phytochemical study of the stem bark of Vismia laurentii resulted in the isolation of a tetracyclic triterpene, tirucalla-7,24-dien-3-one (1), and seven other known compounds: 3-geranyloxyemodin (2), vismiaquinone A (3), vismiaquinone B (4), bivismiaquinone (5), epifriedelinol (6), betulinic acid (7) and stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol (8). The structure of all these compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic means. The stem bark extract and compounds 1 and 3 showed good antimalarial activity against the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Stem Bark of Periploca linearifolia during Early and Established Plasmodium Infection in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubetu Yihunie Belay ◽  
Abyot Endale Gurmu ◽  
Zewdu Birhanu Wubneh
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Background. In Ethiopia, stem bark of Periploca linearifolia is used for the treatment of malaria by the local community and demonstrated antimalarial activity in vitro. Despite its in vitro antimalarial activity, no scientific study has been carried out to verify its activity in vivo. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of Periploca linearifolia stem bark extract in mice. Methods. The dried stem bark of Periploca linearifolia was extracted with 80% methanol and evaluated for its antimalarial activity on both early and established Plasmodium berghei infected mice. The extract was prepared at graded doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Chloroquine and distilled water were administered to the positive and negative control groups, respectively. Results. The crude extract, at all tested doses, suppressed parasitemia significantly (p<0.05) for 200 and 400 mg/kg and (p<0.001) for 600 mg/kg. The suppression values at these doses were 56.98, 43.33, and 38.17 percent, respectively. Periploca linearifolia extract also demonstrated schizonticidal activity in the established malaria infection. Conclusion. The plant Periploca linearifolia has a promising antimalarial activity in mice, supporting its in vitro finding. Thus, it could be considered as a potential source to develop new antimalarial agent.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of sawdust and stem bark of Sasswood tree (Erythrophleum suaveolens, Guill. & Perr. Brenan, 1917) extracts against selected wood bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
D.O. Ekhuemelo ◽  
C. Ekhuemelo ◽  
E.T. Tembe
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

This study assessed the antibacterial properties of sawdust and stem bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens extracts on selected wood bacteria. Erythrophleum suaveolens samples were collected, dried and macerated by dissolving 1 Kg and 0.60 Kg of stem bark and sawdust respectively into 1 L of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Sporfloxacin ciprofloxacin and cefuroxine antibiotics were used as control. The mixture was left for 24 hours then filtered and the filtrates evaporated to dryness. Qualitative phytochemical screening, zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations (MIC/MBC) were determined according to standard methods. Tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates anthraquinones and alkaloids phytochemicals were present in E. suaveolens extracts. Zone of inhibition (32 – 37 mm) of antibiotics on test bacteria compared favourably with 17 – 24 mm of E. suaveolens extracts. Erythrophleum suaveolens ethyl acetate and methanol E. suaveolens extracts inhibited Staphylolococus aureus, Ralstonia solanacearum, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecium and Acidobacterium capsulatum growth at MIC of 10 mg/mL and n-hexane extracts at 20 mg/mL. At MBC of 20 mg/mL methanol stem bark extract completely killed most test bacteria. Methanol extracts were the most active extracts. The study has shown that E. suaveolens extracts can be explored in the control of plant diseases caused by test bacteria in the study. Key words: Antibacterial, E. suaveolens, extract, phytochemicals, zone of inhibition

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of the 80% Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Combretum molle Against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1989086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafere Mulaw ◽  
Muluken Wubetu ◽  
Bekalu Dessie ◽  
Gebreselassie Demeke ◽  
Yalew Molla
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Combretum Molle ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Background. People are dependent on the traditional use of medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria without scientific validations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of methanolic stem bark extract of Combretum molle in mice. Methods. After being infected with Plasmodium berghei, the mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5). In all cases, group I mice were treated as negative control and received 3% Tween 80; group II mice were treated with 25 mg/kg chloroquine; and groups III, IV, and V mice were treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of crude extract, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis. Results. In the chemosuppressive test, the parasitic suppression effect of the crude extract was found to be significant ( P < 0.05) as compared with the negative control. In the curative experiment, the average parasitic level of those mice treated by the 3 doses of the crude extract was significantly suppressed at days 5, 6, and 7 of treatment ( P < 0.001). Besides, the crude extract had been found to have a chemoprophylactic role as it inhibited the parasite level significantly relative to the negative control ( P < 0.001). Moreover, the crude extract had preventive effects on packed cell volume reduction in the 3 tests ( P < 0.001). Conclusions. The findings of the present study has supported the folklore use of the leaves of Combretum molle in the treatment of malaria. Therefore, further fractionation and characterization of the crude extract is necessary to identify the responsible lead compound(s) responsible for antiplasmodial activity.

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