scholarly journals Proximate Composition of Morning Glory (Ipomea indica) Leaf Meal

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
A. M. Sakaba ◽  
A. S. Dabai ◽  
M. Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Inorganic Content ◽  
Organic Nutrients

Biochemical studies with a view to evaluate the organic and inorganic nutrients in air-dried Ipomea leaf meal commonly known as morning glory (Ipomea indica) was carried out. Samples were replicated four times and the values recorded for each nutrient according to the replicates analyzed. The results of mean percentages for organic nutrients revealed that the samples contained 6.83±0.33% moisture, 6.83±0.17% ash, 17.89±0.45% protein, 1.67±0.17% lipid, 1.84±0.34% fiber and 81.84±0.38% nitrogen free extract (NFE). The inorganic content on the other hand was 0.68±0.04% magnesium, 1.11±0.08% sodium, 3.33±0.56% potassium, 1.68±0.03 calcium and 0.53±0.01% phosphorous. This indicated that air-dried leaf meal from Ipomea indica has nutritional qualities that could provide farmers with organic and inorganic nutrients for enhanced livestock nutrition. Therefore, air-dried leaf meal from Ipomea indica is recommended for feeding livestock in the study area.

scholarly journals Physical Characteristics and Proximate Composition of Three Commercial Shrunken 2 Varieties of Sweet Corn in the Philippines as Influenced by Harvest Maturity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemaima Evangelista ◽  
Angelina Felix
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Value ◽  
B Values ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Percentage Protein

The physical and proximate characteristics of three commercial varieties of shrunken 2 sweet corn as affected by harvest maturities (18, 20 and 22 days after 100% silking) were evaluated. As sweet corn, there was a significant increase in length in SC1 and SC2. On the other hand all varieties ear diameter increased with maturity. The three varieties have significant differences in ear length and diameter. Lightness of kernels was not affected by maturity and varietal differences. Increasing a* and b* values suggested that the kernels became more red and yellow as they mature on the plant due to carotenogenesis. The a* and b* values of SC1 and SC2 were significantly affected by maturity while SC3 was not. In terms of chroma, only SC2 was significantly affected by harvest maturity, with an increased in color vividness as it matured in the plant. While hue values of the three varieties were not affected by harvest maturity. SC1 and SC2 kernel percentage moisture decreased significantly as sweet corn matures in the plant. Percentage ash content was not significantly affected by harvest maturity. On the other harvest maturity affected SC1 and SC2 percentage protein, but not their fiber content. The percentage fat and nitrogen free extract of SC1 kernel decreased as the plant matures. Mean energy content was significantly different with harvest maturity in all three varieties at a P value < 0.01 (SC1 and SC2) and P = 0.05 (SC3). Harvest maturity affected the physical and proximate composition of the three commercial varieties of shrunken 2 sweet corn in the Philippines.

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: IV. THE NON-PROTEIN NITROGENOUS CONSTITUENTS OF THE MUSCLE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Biochemical Studies

The non-protein nitrogenous constituents of muscle of migrating sockeye salmon were investigated. These constituents were found to be the same in both male and female fish and were present in approximately the same amounts in both sexes. The histidine content of the muscle in all fish decreased to one fifth of the original value during the early stages of the migratory journey and remained at the low level thereafter. Some of the other constituents changed to a smaller extent, usually increasing in the later stages of the migration. This was especially noticeable in female fish. However, the increase in the concentration of these constituents in the muscle was due to a decrease in the amount of muscle in the fish rather than to an increase in the amounts of the compounds themselves.

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration: XI. The Free Histidine Content of the Tissues

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Biochemical Studies

During the first 250 miles (400 km) of spawning migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) the free histidine content of the muscle, alimentary tract, and head+skin+bones+tail decreased to a small fraction of the initial value. A further decrease occurred in the levels of this amino acid in the alimentary tract during the subsequent 415-mile (657-km) migration to the spawning grounds, no change being observed with the other tissues. Comparatively small changes in free histidine were found with heart, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads during migration.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying on the Rehydration Properties of Some Selected Shellfish

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
D. B. Kiin-Kabari ◽  
N. Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Sample Water

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oven drying on the proximate composition and rehydration characteristics of shellfish. Shellfish studied included rough and smooth periwinkle, oyster and whelk. Proximate composition of the fresh samples were determined. Then dried in the oven to a moisture content of 10% and further rehydrated with distill water in sample water ratio of 1:40 and allowed to equilibrate. Proximate composition of the fresh shellfish showed that moisture content ranged from 82.38 to 69.24% with fresh smooth periwinkle having the highest moisture value while whelk had the lowest. The results also showed that whelk had the highest values for ash (2.92%), crude protein (18.83%) and crude fibre (3.71%) when compared to other samples. On rehydration, a moisture loss of 11.75%, 13.28%, 19.24% and 22.04% were observed for rough periwinkle, smooth periwinkle, oyster and whelk, respectively. The results for rehydration indices revealed that dehydration ratio was significantly (p<0.05) high for whelk (1.44), followed by oyster (1.29), rough periwinkle (1.23) and lastly, smooth periwinkle 1.20. Rehydration ratio of whelk (1.47) was equally significantly higher, followed by oyster (1.33) and the least were rough and smooth periwinkle (1.17). For coefficient of reconstitution, oyster recorded the highest value of 1.03, followed by whelk 1.02, rough periwinkle 0.95 and smooth periwinkle 0.98. Rate of water imbibition revealed a sharp increase in the water content of smooth periwinkle up to 240 min and thereafter, it slowed down until equilibrium was reached. In terms of rough periwinkle, oyster and whelk; water imbibition took place with rehydration time up to 300 min, 210 min and 270 min, respectively, thereafter they slowed down. The results have demonstrated that the rate in which oven drying affect the physical and nutritional qualities of shellfish differs.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Concentration of Molacarplet (Amblypharyngodon mola) and Spotted Snakehead (Channa punctatus) Collected from Pond Water and Open Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
FH Shikha ◽  
MI Hossain ◽  
MA Mansur ◽  
N Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
Composition Analysis

A study was conducted on the proximate composition and heavy metal concentration of Amblypharyngodon mola and Channa punctatus collected from pond water and open water in Mymensingh. The proximate composition analysis result showed -protein, lipid, moisture and ash content (%) of pond water A. mola were 20.26±0.63, 6.70±0.17, 66.40±1.51 and 2.55±0.58, respectively and for the fish caught from open water the values were 19.66±0.75, 5.81±0.18, 63.03±0.82 and 2.92±0.15, respectively. On the other hand, protein, lipid, moisture and ash content (%) of pond water C. punctatus found 23.83±1.07, 5.91±0.11, 64.44±1.87 and 3.23±0.11, respectively whereas the values for the fish caught from open water were 22.21±0.66, 5.43±0.19, 62.73±1.65 and 3.67±0.47, respectively. Arsenic (As) concentration of A. mola was higher in open water fishes (0.23±0.05 μg g-1) than the fishes of pond water (0.14±0.03 μg g-1). Cd concentration of pond water C. punctatus was found 0.21±0.04 μg g-1 whereas open water fishes contained 0.28±0.06 μg g-1. Copper (Cu) concentration of pond water and open water A. mola was 0.27±0.07 μg g-1 and 0.32±0.04 μg g-1, respectively. Heavy metal concentration of A. mola and C. punctatus was within permissible limits except Cd. The result revealed that open water fishes had higher concentration of heavy metals in their muscle than the fishes of pond water. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 91-99, 2019

scholarly journals Preparation of Hulu-mur flavored carbonated beverage based on Feterita sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) malt

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara F. A. Baidab ◽  
Solafa A. Hamad ◽  
Abdel Halim R. Ahmed ◽  
Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Carbonated Beverages ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Carbonated Beverage

 In this study, sorghum Feterita malt extract was used to prepare carbonated beverages flavored with traditional Hulu-mur spices extract.  The beverages produced were assessed for their physicochemical, sensory, and nutritional qualities. Malting (3–5 days) of the Feterita grains showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in proximate composition from that of unmalted grains. Protein and sugars increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increased the malting time (days), while there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in oil and starch  content  during malting progress. The kilning temperature of 150°C for 20 minutes was found to produce the most acceptable Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue in terms of flavor and taste. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in physicochemical and nutritional qualities between the Hulu-mur analogue carbonated beverage and commercial non-alcoholic beverage. The Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue was rich in Na, K, Ca, and Fe (26.45, 21.84, 24.00, and 0.57 mg /100 g, respectively) compared to levels of the same minerals in the non-alcoholic beverage (22.31, 8.19, 22.00 and 0.15 mg/100 g, respectively). The Hulu-mur analogue also had a higher calorific value (35.85 kcal /100 mL) compared to the non-alcoholic beverage (32.96 kcal/100 mL).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATE: GRASS HAY RATIOS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY GROWING WEST AFRICAN FOREST SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
I. O. A. Adeleye ◽  
U. J. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Gross Energy

Twelve ram lambs of the West African Forest type of between 15.7 and 24.6 kg were divided into four groups of 3 animals each. A group was assigned to one of four diets consisting of the following concentrate: grass hay ratios - 20 : 80 (A), 40 : 60 (B), 60 : 40 (C) and 80 : 20 (D). Feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and efficiency of feed utilization were measured. As the level of concentrate increased, the contents of crude protein ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the diets increased, while the crude fibre and ash contents decreased almost linearly. Voluntary feed intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate, with diet C having a significantly higher (P 0.01) Relative Intake (RI) value than the other diets. Both the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) and Digestible Energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher (P. 0.01) in diets C and D than the other diets. Generally, the digestion coefficients for the gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased with increasing levels of concentrate, the values being significantly higher (P 0.01) in diets C and D, while diet A showed a significantly lower (P 0.05) dry matter digestion coefficient value when compared with either diets. Although a similar trend was observed in the digestion coefficient for ether extract, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). With the exception of animals on diet C which had the highest daily weight gains, average daily weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization increased with successive substitution of concentrate for grass hay.

Production and control of extracellular enzymes in Micrococcus sodonensis

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecily Mills ◽  
J. N. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
And Control ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Micrococcus sodonensis has been shown to produce several extracellular enzymes: an alkaline phosphatase, at least two forms of phosphodiesterase, a 5′-nucleotidase, and an alkaline proteinase. The quantitative release of these enzymes into the culture medium during logarithmic growth under all the various culture conditions tested indicates that these enzymes are truly extracellular in nature. Inorganic phosphate repressed the production of the alkaline phosphatase in synthetic as well as in complex media, whereas, the repression of the production of active diesterase and 5′-nucleotidase by inorganic phosphate was partly reversed by the addition of supplemental organic nutrients to the culture medium. Proteinase production was independent of the culture conditions used. A mutant strain of M. sodonensis with an altered production of diesterase was obtained; the other extracellular enzymes were unaffected. These results suggest that the extracellular enzymes of M. sodonensis are not produced in a pleiotropic fashion since the level of one of the enzymes can be changed without affecting a corresponding change in the levels of the other enzymes. An extracellular high molecular weight carbohydrate fraction was shown to be produced by M. sodonensis in synthetic medium. The fraction was also shown to contain glycoprotein.

FURTHER TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON ω-FLUORO COMPOUNDS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
I. G. Walker ◽  
J. M. Parker
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Citrate Accumulation

The toxicity to mice of the 5-fluoroamyl halides and six 1-fluoroalkanes (C6–C11) is reported. Unlike the other odd-numbered ω-fluoroalkyl halides the 5-membered compounds are quite toxic. In the 1-fluoroalkane series as in other ω-fluoro series the even-numbered compounds are the more toxic. The 5-fluoroamyl halides and 9-fluorononyl chloride, injected into mice in doses of three to four times the LD50, induce an increase in the citrate content of the kidneys between 20 and 90 minutes after injection. For the even-numbered ω-fluoro compounds, a pronounced accumulation has already developed by 20 minutes. Both the even and odd-numbered 1-fluoroalkanes cause an increase in the citrate content of the kidneys of mice injected with them. However, the former compounds promote a more rapid elevation of the citrate content. Other representative odd-numbered ω-fluoro compounds were tested for their ability to cause citrate accumulation at a time greater than 20 minutes. The lack of effect of these compounds on kidney citrate at this later time suggested that among the odd-numbered ω-fluoro compounds the ability to promote such a citrate accumulation is peculiar to the ω-fluoroalkyl halides and the 1-fluoroalkanes.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI

1934 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Garner ◽  
William S. Tillett
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Enzymatic Action ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biochemical Studies

The fibrinolysin of hemolytic streptococci exerts no hydrolytic action upon casein, gelatin, or peptone. The action on solid human fibrin is characterized by a small and gradual increase in the amino nitrogen content of the solution. The specific and special enzymatic action of fibrinolysin is contrasted with trypsin and with streptococcal peptase (4). Solutions of human fibrinogen, after brief incubation with fibrinolysin, lose the capacity to form fibrin. Solutions of rabbit fibrinogen, on the other hand, retain the property of transformation into fibrin, even after prolonged exposure to fibrinolysin. Qualitative tests, with solutions resulting from the action of streptococcal fibrinolysin on human fibrin, indicate that the end-product may be protein and that the degradation of the molecule is not great.

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