scholarly journals Biotolerance of Orechromis niloticus to Nickel (Ni) Inside the Agodi Reservoir at Ibadan, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ogungbile Peter ◽  
A. Akande John ◽  
T. O. Ogunbode ◽  
O. Odekunle
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ni Accumulation ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Orechromis niloticus (Tilapia) that was rarely found in feeder Ogunpa River was more invasive in the receiving Agodi Reservoir and this provoked an examination of the remote causes. .Sampled water temperature and pH were measured with standard analytical methods while Ni, Co and Cr concentrations in water and fish were selectively tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and linear regression to establish clear relationships. On the average, temperature was 27.15ºC, pH 7.56, Ni 0.27 mg/L, Co 0.75 mg/L and Cr 0.005 mg/Lin Ogunpa River, while in Agodi Reservoir, temperature was 27.42ºC, pH 7.57, Ni 0.17 mg/L, Co 0.19 mg/L and Cr 0.005 mg/L. The temperature and pH values were higher in Agodi Reservoir than in the Ogunpa River but only the concentrations of Ni and Co in Ogunpa River were higher than in Agodi Reservoir. Using the FAO/WHO permissible limits, only the Ni concentration appeared potent in influencing Tilapia eco-dynamics. Ni accumulation could be lethal and must have affected the fish relocation and distribution, thus, a conclusion that Ni concentration and its synergistic effects with temperature could be responsible for the migration of the fish into the Agodi Reservoir.

New Ferrocene-Integrated Multifunctional Guanidine Surfactants: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Elucidation, DNA Interaction Studies, and DFT Calculations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameen Nawaz ◽  
Faiza Asghar ◽  
Jahangeer Patujo ◽  
Saira Fatima ◽  
Babar Murtaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dft Calculations ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
Interaction Studies ◽  
Ft Ir

Three new ferrocene-substituted aliphatic guanidines were successfully synthesized and well characterized by means of several analytical methods such as: FT-IR, 1H & 13C-NMR, Raman, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and elemental...

scholarly journals Effect of water temperature and pH on the concentration and time of ozone saturation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melicia Cintia Galdeano ◽  
Allan Eduardo Wilhelm ◽  
Isabella Borges Goulart ◽  
Renata Valeriano Tonon ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ozone Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Saturation Time ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Effect Of Water

Abstract Ozone has been used for many years to disinfect water due to its oxidizing potential. Since it decomposes quickly into molecular oxygen, leaving no residue, it has important advantages for use. The decomposition of ozone is affected by the temperature and pH of the medium, low pH values and temperatures increasing its half-life, which can result in more efficient disinfection. With the objective of increasing the effectiveness of ozonation, this study investigated the effect of temperature (8 ºC and 25 °C) and pH (3.0 and 6.0) of the water on the saturation time and gas concentration, employing two initial gas concentrations (13.3 and 22.3 mg L-1). The concentration of ozone saturation increased as the temperature and pH of the medium decreased, as also with the higher initial gas concentration ( C0). The highest saturation concentrations were obtained at pH 3.0 and 8 °C (4.50 and 8.03 mg L-1 with C0 of 13.3 and 22.3 mg L-1, respectively). This higher ozone content could result in greater decontamination efficiency of the food products washed with this water.

scholarly journals Is the Water Temperature of the Danube River at Bratislava, Slovakia, Rising?

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Pekarova ◽  
Dana Halmova ◽  
Pavol Miklanek ◽  
Milan Onderka ◽  
Jan Pekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Average Heat ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Monthly Discharge

Abstract This paper aims to reveal the annual regime, time series, and long-term water temperature trends of the Danube River at Bratislava, Slovakia, between the years 1926 and 2005. First, the main factors affecting the river’s water temperature were identified. Using multiple regression techniques, an empirical relationship is derived between monthly water temperatures and monthly atmospheric temperatures at Vienna (Hohe Warte), Austria, monthly discharge of the Danube, and some other factors as well. In the second part of the study, the long-term trends in the annual time series of water temperature were identified. The following series were evaluated: 1) The average annual water temperature (To) (determined as an arithmetic average of daily temperatures in the Danube at Bratislava), 2) the weighted annual average temperature values (Toυ) (determined from the daily temperatures weighted by the daily discharge rates at Bratislava), and 3) the average heat load (Zt) at the Bratislava station. In the long run, the To series is rising; however, the trend of the weighted long-term average temperature values, Toυ, is near zero. This result indicates that the average heat load of the Danube water did not change during the selected period of 80 yr. What did change is the interannual distribution of the average monthly discharge. Over the past 25 yr, an elevated runoff of “cold” water (increase of the December–April runoff) and a lower runoff of “warm” water (decrease of the river runoff during the summer months of June–August) were observed.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kecepatan Pendinginan Air dengan Kecepatan Tiupan Udara

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Taat Guswantoro ◽  
Manogari Sianturi ◽  
Nurafni Prapitasari ◽  
Areli Elona
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Exponential Regression ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract</strong>: In this study hot water was placed in two erlenmeyer scale 100 ml clogged and without plug, each filled with 150 ml hot water and allowed to cool in air. Measurement of water temperature using sensor connected to the interface and recorded using the pasco capstone 14.1. The wind is raised with the fan, to adjust the wind speed by adjusting the fan distance, the speed is measured using an anemometer. The water cooling constant is obtained by a decay exponential regression analysis of temperature vs time. The relationship between water colling coefficient with wind speed is used linear regression. From the research, the water cooling coefficient naturally for clogging erlenmeyer is 3,1 x 10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and for erlenmeyer without plug 3.8 x 10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, the rate of change of water cooling constant to wind speed is 1 , 4 x 10<sup>-4</sup> m<sup>-1</sup>.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Pada penelitian ini air panas ditempatkan dalam dua buah erlenmeyer berskala 100 ml bersumbat dan tanpa sumbat, masing-masing diisi air panas dengan volume 150 ml dan dibiarkan mendingin di udara. Pengukuran suhu air dengan menggunakan sensor panas yang dihubungkan ke interface dan dicatat menggunakan program pasco capstone 14.1. Angin dibangkitkan dengan kipas, untuk mengatur kecepatan angin dengan cara mengatur jarak kipas, kecepatan angin diukur menggunakan anemometer. Konstanta pendinginan air diperoleh dengan analisis regresi eksponensial meluruh dari data suhu dan waktu. Hubungan antara koefisien pendinginan air dengan kecepatan angin digunakan regresi linier. Dari penelitian diperoleh koefisien pendinginan air secara alami untuk erlenmeyer tersumbat sebesar 3,1 x 10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> dan untuk erlenmeyer tanpa sumbat sebesar  3,8 x 10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, laju perubahan konstanta pendinginan air terhadap kecepatan angin adalah sebesar 1,4 x 10<sup>-4</sup> m<sup>-1</sup><sub>.</sub></p>

Descriptive and Predictive Analytical Methods for Big Data

Web Services ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 314-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema A. Kalaian ◽  
Rafa M. Kasim ◽  
Nabeel R. Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Analytical Tools

Data analytics and modeling are powerful analytical tools for knowledge discovery through examining and capturing the complex and hidden relationships and patterns among the quantitative variables in the existing massive structured Big Data in efforts to predict future enterprise performance. The main purpose of this chapter is to present a conceptual and practical overview of some of the basic and advanced analytical tools for analyzing structured Big Data. The chapter covers descriptive and predictive analytical methods. Descriptive analytical tools such as mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, and data visualization methods (e.g., histograms, line charts) are covered. Predictive analytical tools for analyzing Big Data such as correlation, simple- and multiple- linear regression are also covered in the chapter.

scholarly journals Large Differences in Urinary Benzene Metabolite S-Phenylmercapturic Acid Quantitation: A Comparison of Five LC–MS-MS Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise S Tevis ◽  
Andrew Willmore ◽  
Deepak Bhandari ◽  
Brett Bowman ◽  
Chloe Biren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Genotoxic Carcinogen ◽  
Human Urine Samples ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Hematological Abnormalities ◽  
Reference Samples

Abstract Benzene is a known genotoxic carcinogen linked to many hematological abnormalities. S-phenylmercapturic acid (PHMA, N-acetyl-S-(phenyl)-L-cysteine, CAS# 4775-80-8) is a urinary metabolite of benzene and is used as a biomarker to assess benzene exposure. Pre-S-phenylmercapturic acid (pre-PHMA) is a PHMA precursor that dehydrates to PHMA at acidic pH. Published analytical methods that measure urinary PHMA adjust urine samples to a wide range of pH values using several types of acid, potentially leading to highly variable results depending on the concentration of pre-PHMA in a sample. Information is lacking on the variation in sample preparation among laboratories regularly measuring PHMA and the effect of those differences on PHMA quantitation in human urine samples. To investigate the differences in PHMA quantitation, we conducted an inter-laboratory comparison that included the analysis of 50 anonymous human urine samples (25 self-identified smokers and 25 self-identified non-smokers), quality control samples and commercially available reference samples in five laboratories using different analytical methods. Observed urinary PHMA concentrations were proportionally higher at lower pH, and results for anonymous urine samples varied widely among the methods. The method with the neutral preparation pH yielded results about 60% lower than the method using the most acidic conditions. Samples spiked with PHMA showed little variation, suggesting that the variability in results in human urine samples across methods is driven by the acid-mediated conversion of pre-PHMA to PHMA.

The Role of Electrochemical Conditions in Near-Neutral pH SCC Initiation Mechanism(s)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulmajid Eslami ◽  
Mohammadhassan Marvasti ◽  
Weixing Chen ◽  
Reg Eadie ◽  
Richard Kania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Initiation Mechanism ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Disbonded Coating

In order to improve our understanding of near-neutral pH SCC initiation mechanism(s), a comprehensive test setup was used to study the electrochemical conditions beneath the disbonded coatings in cracking environments. In this setup the synergistic effects of cyclic loading, coating disbondment, and cathodic protection were considered. Our previous results showed that there can be a significant variation in the pH of the localized environment under the disbonded coating of pipeline steel. The pH inside the disbondment can change significantly from near-neutral to high pH values, strongly depending on the level of cathodic protection and CO2 concentration. Both of these variables affected the electrochemical conditions on the steel surface and therefore the initiation mechanisms. This work highlights the role of electrochemical conditions in near-neutral pH SCC initiation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Single and Synergistic Effects of Solar Radiation, Water guard and Moringa oleifera Treatments on Bacterial Loads and Physicochemical Parameters of Surface Water in Umur and Bele Streams of Benue State

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
G.M. Gberikon ◽  
I.I. Adeoti ◽  
I.O. Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference

Bacteriological profiles of surface water samples treated with solar radiation, Moringa oleifera powder and water guard was carried out to ascertain their effectiveness in water treatment. Bacterial loads of the surface water collected from Umur and Bele streams in Gwer East Local Government area samples were determined before and after treatments and characterised using biochemical and molecular methods. Single and synergistic effects of these treatments on water quality were also examined. Bacteriological analysis showed that Umur stream had the highest bacterial loads of 4.47 x 103 cfu/mL while Bele had the lowest counts. There was significant reduction in the mean viable counts recorded for all the water samples (p ˂ 0.05). In the daily bacteria counts, the control water samples gave extremes values. There were no bacteria count recorded following combine treatment in water samples from Bele stream on the fifth day. Molecular analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed bacterial strains to be phylogenetically close to bacterial strains which are capable of causing infectious diseases to man. Normal pH values were recorded in Umur stream while low pH values were recorded in Bele streams. Treatment impacted significantly on the pH of the water samples from Umur stream (p ˂ 0.05) while no significant difference was observed with water samples from Bele stream (p > 0.05). Treatment impacted significantly on turbidity in water sample from Umur stream (p ˂ 0.05). Sulphate was found to be within the permissible limit except for water sample from Bele stream which gave mean values within the range of 51.00 to 68.00 mg/L. Treatments impacted no significant difference on sulphate (p > 0.05). Surface water in these rural areas should be thoroughly treated before use. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 244-251

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