scholarly journals Impact of Pollution on Haematology and Histology of Juveniles of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus in Ogbese River, Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abidemi-Iromini, Atilola Olateju
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Gill Filaments

The silver catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus is of economic importance in sub-sahara Africa. In Ogbese town, and its environs, it constitutes a means of income and food for fisherfolks and community members. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess health status of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus using haematology and histological assessment of the fish specie due to the anthropogenic activities that takes place around the river body.  A total 120 live juvenile fish samples of C. nigrodigitatus were collected around shallow habitats of Ogbese River by the assistance of fisherfolks using fish cage. Some water parameters measurements were taken: temperature, pH, DO, Turbidity and Conductivity. Morphometric measurement: Weight (g) and length (cm) of fish were taken. Haematology and histology of fish gills, liver and intestine were determined. Mean water temperature (27.70±0.18°C), pH (7.36±0.22), DO (6.98±0.15 mg/l), Turbidity (78.50±13.53 NTU) and Conductivity (148.35±27.98) of the river determined respectively. Mean body weight of fish was 148.15 ± 36.53 g, and mean length was 25.64 ± 2.86 cm.  The gills, liver and intestines of the fish specie were examined to assess the architecture of the organs. Results of haematology studies of C. nigrodigitatus revealed high values in the parameters measured. Red Blood Cell was higher than the White Blood Cell with mean value of (225.63±10.45 103/mm3) while Eosinophils recorded lowest parameters with mean value of (1.75±0.52%). Results of histology of gills, liver and intestines showed that the gill filaments were eroded with deformation of the cartilage core and also hyperplasia of the secondary lamellae. The intestines showed atrophy in a mucosal layer, hemorrhage and dilation within blood vessels and within serosa of mucosa and for liver, picnotic nucleus were shattered, the hepatocytes were ruptured and there was increased kupffer cell count as a result of exposure to pollutants. The results indicated that pollution level of the environment have significant impact on health status of fish.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the ameliorative roles of vitamins A, C and E on reduced glutathione in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings exposed to lead nitrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 058-070
Author(s):  
Samuel PO ◽  
Arimoro FO ◽  
Ayanwale AV ◽  
Mohammad HL
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Fish Samples

The ever-increasing anthropogenic activities all over the world that usually led to release of plethora of pollutants such as lead calls for concern. In the present study the effects of lead nitrate on the production of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH) in C. gariepinus and how such effects can be ameliorated through administration of vitamins were investigated. C. gariepinus fingerlings (whose initial weight ranged from 3-11g) were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Pb (00, 26mg/L, 44mg/L, 61mg/L and 79mg/L) with replicate in each case. 26mg/L each of the vitamins were administered across all bud. Fresh concentrations of both toxicant and vitamins were administered every 72 hours for a period of 12 weeks every time the water medium was changed. The various treatments group include Pb (Pb only), PbVA (Pb+vitamin A), PbVC ((Pb+vitamin C) and PbVE (Pb+vitamin E) with T1-T4 and replicates in each case. 3 samples of the fish were randomly selected and sacrificed from each aquarium tank every 2 weeks of the exposure period. The gills, kidneys and liver were excised from these specimens and homogenized in sodium phosphate buffer. These were then assayed for GSH productions levels in each case. The data generated were subjected to one way analysis of variance and considered significant at P≤0.05. From the results: In the Pb only group, the mean values of the GSH produced in the liver of the control samples were significantly higher than other treatments. The highest mean values of 82.04±0.13µg/ml, 30.84±0.10µg/ml and 31.30±0.10µg/ml were obtained in the liver, kidney and gills of the fish, respectively. In fish samples exposed to PbVA group, the highest mean values of 23.57±0.10µg/ml, 58.74±0.07µg/ml and 52.72±0.07µg/ml were obtained in the liver, kidney and gills, respectively. In C. gariepinus exposed to PbVC group, the highest mean values obtained in the liver, kidneys and gills were 25.79±0.07µg/ml, 28.40±0.13µg/ml and 37.55±0.03µg/ml, respectively. In PbVE group, the highest mean value of 57.21±0.03µg/ml, 83.51±0.07µg/ml and 63.29±0.07µg/ml were btained in the liver, kidneys and gills, respectively. The liver of the samples exposed to Pb only group displayed higher level of response to the toxicant with the highest GSH produced in the lowest concentration in comparison to other fish organs. In the PbVA group the response was more in the kidney in the highest concentration. There were general low levels of production in all organs of the fish in the PbVC group. The kidneys of the PbVE group exhibited the highest level of GSH production in comparison to other organs. The kidneys and liver of C. gariepinus in this research were fully engaged in mitigating the effects of the toxicant in the presence of the vitamins. Administration of higher concentrations of the vitamins could enhance better understanding of the ameliorative roles of the vitamins against the deleterious effects of the toxicant.

The Natural Radioactivity in Food: A Comparison Between Different Feeding Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Caridi ◽  
Santina Marguccio ◽  
Alberto Belvedere ◽  
Maurizio D`Agostino ◽  
Giovanna Belmusto
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vegetable Food ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Italian Origin ◽  
Dose Levels

Background: In this article a comprehensive study was carried out for the determination of natural radioactivity in animal and vegetable food (meat, fish, milk and derivates, legumes, cereals and derivates, fruit, hortalizas, vegetables, vegetable oils) typical of different feeding regimes, for the age category higher than 17 years. Methods: A total of eighty-five samples of Italian origin, coming from large retailers during the years 2014, 2015 and 2016, were analyzed through HPGe gamma spectrometry. Results: The specific activity of 40K was investigated and its mean value was found to be: (106.3 ± 6.9) Bq/kg for bovine, swine and sheep meat; (116.5 ± 9.7) Bq/kg for fish; (52.9 ± 3.1) Bq/kg for milk and derivates; (271.9 ± 16.7) Bq/kg for legumes; (67.2 ± 4.7) Bq/kg for cereals and derivates; (52.7 ± 4.4) Bq/kg for fruit; (72.9 ± 5.6) Bq/kg for hortalizas; (83.9 ± 6.5) Bq/kg for vegetables; lower than the minimum detectable activity for vegetable oils. For animal food the highest mean 40K activity concentration was found in fish samples; for vegetable food the highest one was detected in legumes. Conclusion: The evaluation of dose levels due to the food ingestion typical of Mediterranean, Vegetarian and Vegan diets was performed. The annual effective dose was found to be 0.16 mSv/y, 0.41 mSv/y and 0.54 mSv/y, respectively.

Spatial distribution of the parasite Kroyeria carchariaeglauci Hesse, 1879 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Kroyeriidae) on gills of the blue shark (Prionace glauca (L., 1758))

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Benz ◽  
Kevin S. Dupre
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Blue Shark ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Gill Surface Area

Five blue sharks (Prionace glauca) were examined for gill-infesting copepods. Three species of siphonostomatoid copepods were collected: Gangliopus pyriformis, Phyllothyreus cornutus, and Kroyeria carchariaeglauci. The spatial distribution of K. carchariaeglauci was analyzed. The number of K. carchariaeglauci per shark was positively related to gill surface area and host size. Copepods were unevenly distributed amongst hemibranchs; flanking hemibranchs could be arranged into three statistically homogeneous groups. Female K. carchariaeglauci typically attached themselves within the middle 40% of each hemibranch; males were more evenly dispersed. Eighty percent of all K. carchariaeglauci attached themselves to secondary lamellae, the remainder were in the underlying excurrent water channels. Most K. carchariaeglauci were located between 10 and 25 mm along the lengths of gill filaments. Overall, the spatial distribution of K. carchariaeglauci was quite specific in all study planes. Explanation of this distribution is set forth in terms of natural selection pressures; however, the equally plausible explanation that the distribution pattern exhibited by these copepods is phylogenetically determined and may have little to do with contemporary selective constraints should not be ignored.

scholarly journals Hubungan panjang bobot dan faktor kondisi ikan wader bintik dua Barbodes binotatus (Valenciennes, 1842) di Sungai Barambai Samarinda Kalimantan

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Jusmaldi ◽  
Nova Hariani
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Total Length ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Fish Samples

Biology of the spotted barb Barbodes binotatus (Valenciennes, 1842) in Barambai River, east Kalimantan is unknown. This study aimed to analyses sizes of fish, sex ratio, length-weight relationship and condition factor of the spotted barb. A total of 347 fish samples were collected by several gears in Barambai River from August to October 2017. The results of this research showed that the total length of the fish ranged from 45.67 to 146.01 mm and weight ranged from 1.27-43.34 g. The sex ratio of male and female were 1:1.12. The length-weight equations for males was W = 1x10-5 L3.063, W = 8x10-6L3.108 for females, and W = 9 x 10-6 L3.091 for both sexes. The condition factor (K) for the spotted barb was ranged between 0.826 – 2.214 with mean value of 1.163.  AbstrakBiologi ikan wader bintik dua Barbodes binotatus (Valenciennes, 1842) di Sungai Barambai, Kalimantan Timur belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ukuran ikan, nisbah kelamin, hubungan panjang bobot, dan faktor kon-disi. Total 347 sampel ikan dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan berbagai alat tangkap di Sungai Barambai dari bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang total ikan berkisar dari 45,67 sampai 146,01 mm dan bobot tubuh berkisar 1,27- 43,34 gram. Nisbah kelamin jantan dan betina 1: 1,12. Model hubungan panjang bobot ikan jantan W = 1x10-5 L3,063, ikan betina W = 8x10-6L3,108,dan keseluruhan jenis ikan W =  9 x 10-6  L3,091. Faktor kondisi (K) ikanwader bintik dua berkisar antara 0,826 - 2,214 dan rata-rata 1,163. 

Haematological Profiles of Pigs on Different Farms Reflect Their Health Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Golinar Oven ◽  
Alenka Nemec Svete ◽  
Melita Hajdinjak ◽  
Jan Plut ◽  
Marina Stukelj
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

Abstract BackgroundHaematological examination is an important diagnostic tool in the assessment of pig health status. The present study aimed to assess haematological parameters in pigs of different age categories from six farrow-to-finish farms differing in herd health status. The following pig categories were included: 5 age groups of growers (5, 7, 9–10, 11 and 12–13 weeks-old), fatteners and breeding pregnant sows. Individual blood samples for determining complete blood count and white blood cell differential count were taken and group samples of oral fluid and faeces were collected from each animal category in each of the six farms and tested for the detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus (PRRSV), and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) using PCR, RT-PCR, and qRT-PCR protocols. Individual blood samples were analysed using an automated laser-based haematology analyser. The following haematological parameters were reported: white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLT), and percentage and number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and "large unstained cells" - LUCs. ResultsOn farms free of PRRSV, PCV2 and HEV, age had significant effect on the following parameters: WBC, Hb, MCH, MCHC, PLT, percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils and absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and LUCs. On farms with PRRS, PCV2 and/or HEV, age significantly affected all observed blood parameters except the percentage of LUCs. The percentages of lymphocytes, MCV and Hct were significantly lower by PRRSV while WBC, PLT, percentage and absolute number of neutrophils, basophils and LUCs increased. Significantly lower percentages of lymphocytes and increased percentages and absolute numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils were caused by PCV2 presence. Significantly lower percentage of lymphocytes and MCV and increased RBC, Hb, percentage and number of basophils and percentage of neutrophils were caused by HEV. Conclusions Alterations of haematological parameters reflected the health status of pigs of different categories on infected and on non-infected farms. Age-related changes in haematological parameters occurred in clinically healthy and in infected pigs.

MODELING OF MOTOR TRANSPORT EXHAUST POLLUTANT DISPERSION

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petras Vaitiekūnas ◽  
Reda Banaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Dispersion Modeling ◽  
Pollution Dispersion ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Pollution Modeling

Pollution is a major problem in all countries, even developed ones. It is the major environmental negative impact of anthropogenic activities affecting ecology. There are two major ways for assessment of negative impact of motor transport flow intensity and pollution level: monitoring the air or modeling pollutant dispersion. It is very important to estimate different unknown air modeling programs. In this work modeling is to be executed by the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) the so‐called “the best possible existing software for strategic environmental assessment”. That is also recommended by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. In this work pollution modeling was executed for the northern part of Vilnius (the network of streets Geležinis Vilkas ‐ Ozas ‐ Kalvarijos). For motor vehicle pollution mathematical modeling, it is necessary to evaluate meteorological parameters like temperature, humidity, the wind direction and speed. Modeling software can also estimate relief conditions. Pollution emission measurements were used, and pollution dispersion modeling was performed. The main target was to evaluate pollutant dispersion from motor transport in the analysed area of Vilnius. During investigation maximum hourly, daily and annual concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter were observed.

Application of chemometric analysis for identifying pollution sources: a case study on the River Adyar, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Venugopal ◽  
L. Giridharan ◽  
M. Jayaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
River Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
River Adyar

The various factors responsible for the chemical budget and pollution of river water have been evaluated and characterised using various statistical tools. The potential sources of pollution that alter the chemical composition of River Adyar water have been identified and quantified. Thirty-three samples were collected from the River Adyar and basic chemical parameters and heavy metals were interpreted by the systematic application of statistical techniques. The relationships among the various ions were examined and the sources of origin were evaluated using correlation studies. An R-mode factor analysis revealed that the chemistry of the river water largely depends on anthropogenic activities, rock–water interaction and saline water intrusion. A cluster analysis was applied and the major and minor clusters for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were classified. This classification was found to be in line with the results of the R-mode factor analysis. Seasonal variation in the chemistry and pollution level of the river water was clearly indicated by both cluster and factor analyses. Factor scores, which give vital information on the variation of the factors by station, were successfully applied. The contributing factors and any seasonal effect on the stations were evaluated and interpreted.

scholarly journals Gill infection of Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988 (Osteichthyes: Anostomidae) by Henneguya leporinicola n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). Description, histopathology and treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. MARTINS ◽  
V. N. de SOUZA ◽  
J. R. E de MORAES ◽  
F. R de MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Tissue Alterations

Piauçus (Leporinus macrocephalus), were raised in 300 m² ponds (density of 10 fish/m²) presenting asphyxia signals and daily mortality of 27 fishes. Specimens with 8-cm total body length, were collected for necropsy. Mucus of body surface and pieces of organs were collected and examined microscopically, in wet mounts, stained or in histological sections. The smears examination showed the presence of several spores in the secondary lamellae of the gill filaments, identified as Henneguya leporinicola n.sp (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). Histopatological study showed epithelial hyperplasia and fulfilling of the spaces between the secondary lamellae, congestion and teleangiectasia sinusoidal. It was also observed hyperplasia of the goblet cells and several cysts of parasite with 70.3mum diameter. Such cysts were situated among the secondary lamellae, covered or not by the hyperplasic epithelium. With this diagnostic, three applications of formalin solution 10 ml/m³ were carried out. Fifteen days after that, fish were examined again to ascertain whether the treatment was efficient on disease caused by the protozoa. The tissue alterations present in the gills after the treatment were just a moderate sinusoidal congestion and a slight epithelial hyperplasia on the base of the secondary lamellae.

A review of species of Myxobolus (Myxosporea) parasitizing catostomid fishes, with a redescription of Myxobolus bibullatus (Kudo, 1934) n.comb. and description of Myxobolus lamellus n.sp. from Catostomus commersoni in Nova Scotia

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2290-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grinham ◽  
D. K. Cone
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Capillary Bed ◽  
Spore Length

Known species of Myxobolus from catostomid fishes are reviewed and Myxobolus bibullatus (Kudo, 1934) n.comb. and Myxobolus lamellus n.sp. (Myxosporea) are described from common sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in Sawler Lake, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia. Trophozoites of M. bibullatus form saclike interlamellar cysts at the base of gill filaments. Myxobolus lamellus n.sp. forms interstitial trophozoites in secondary lamellae that envelop the capillary bed. Spores form through the cyst's vacuolated matrix, and are round with large polar capsules relative to spore length. Ten species of Myxosoma from catostomids are transferred to Myxobolus and the following revisions made: Myxobolus bibullatus (Kudo, 1934) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma bibullatum Kudo, 1934); Myxobolus commersonii (Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1939) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma commersonii Fantham, Porter, and Richardson 1939); Myxobolus ellipticoides (Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1939) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma ellipticoides Fantham, Porter, and Richardson 1939); Myxobolus endovasus (Davis, 1947) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma endovasa Davis, 1947); Myxobolus microthecus (Meglitsch, 1942) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma microthecum Meglitsch, 1942); Myxobolus multiplicatus (Reuss, 1906) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma multiplicatum (Reuss, 1906); and Myxobolus ovalis (Davis, 1923) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma ovalis Davis, 1923). Myxobolus meglitschi (Meglitsch, 1937) nom.nov (syn. Myxosoma rotundum Meglitsch, 1937), Myxobolus musculosus (Kudo, 1923) nom.nov. (syn. Myxosoma catostomi Kudo, 1923), and Myxobolus filamentus (Rice and Jahn, 1943) nom.nov. (syn. Myxosoma okobojiensis Rice and Jahn, 1943) are established because of specific preoccupations. Known information on myxobolids from catostomid fishes is summarized.

scholarly journals Contamination Level, Distribution Characteristics, and Ecotoxicity of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Water and Sediment from Weihe River Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3750
Author(s):  
Xueli Wang ◽  
Chenyang Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Yuan ◽  
Shengke Yang
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Tetrabromobisphenol A ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Local Point ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
Weihe River Basin

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant, which is widely present in the various environmental and biological media. The knowledge on the contamination of TBBPA in Weihe River Basin is still limited. In order to know the pollution level and distribution of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the Weihe River Basin, a total of 34 sediment samples and 36 water samples were collected from the main stream and tributaries of the WeiHe River Basin, and the concentration of TBBPA in the samples was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The detection frequency of TBBPA in sediments and water samples was 61.8% and 27.8%, respectively; the TBBPA concentrations in sediments and water samples were in the range of not detected (N.D.)–3.889 ng/g (mean value of 0.283 ng/g) and N.D—12.279 ng/L (mean value of 0.937 ng/L), respectively. Compared with other areas in China, the residues of TBBPA in the Weihe River Basin were at a relatively low level. The spatial distributions of TBBPA in surface sediments and water indicated that the local point-input was their major source. This is related to the proximity of some sampling sites to industrial areas and domestic sewage discharge areas. The insignificant correlation between TBBPA and total organic carbon (TOC) indicated that TBBPA in sediments is not only influenced by TOC but also affected by atmosphere and land input, wet deposition, and long-distance transmission. The potential risks posed by TBBPA in water and sediment were characterized using the risk quotient (RQ) method. The calculated RQ for TBBPA was less than 0.01, showing that the ecological risk due to TBBPA was quite low for aquatic organisms.

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