Age and Sex as Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Setif Region - Algeria: Fuzzy Inference Modeling

ObjectivesRecent reports suggest a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in COVID-19 patients, but the role of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the clinical course of COVID-19 is unknown. We evaluated the time-to-event relationship between hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and COVID-19 outcomes.DesignWe analysed data from the prospective Dutch CovidPredict cohort, an ongoing prospective study of patients admitted for COVID-19 infection.SettingPatients from eight participating hospitals, including two university hospitals from the CovidPredict cohort were included.ParticipantsAdmitted, adult patients with a positive COVID-19 PCR or high suspicion based on CT-imaging of the thorax. Patients were followed for major outcomes during the hospitalisation. CVD risk factors were established via home medication lists and divided in antihypertensives, lipid-lowering therapy and antidiabetics.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe primary outcome was mortality during the first 21 days following admission, secondary outcomes consisted of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and ICU mortality. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the association with CVD risk factors.ResultsWe included 1604 patients with a mean age of 66±15 of whom 60.5% were men. Antihypertensives, lipid-lowering therapy and antidiabetics were used by 45%, 34.7% and 22.1% of patients. After 21-days of follow-up; 19.2% of the patients had died or were discharged for palliative care. Cox regression analysis after adjustment for age and sex showed that the presence of ≥2 risk factors was associated with increased mortality risk (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.02), but not with ICU admission. Moreover, the use of ≥2 antidiabetics and ≥2 antihypertensives was associated with mortality independent of age and sex with HRs of, respectively, 2.09 (95% CI 1.55 to 2.80) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.91).ConclusionsThe accumulation of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes leads to a stepwise increased risk for short-term mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients independent of age and sex. Further studies investigating how these risk factors disproportionately affect COVID-19 patients are warranted.

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The prevalence and risk factors associated with preoperative deep venous thrombosis in lung cancer surgery

Surgery Today ◽

10.1007/s00595-021-02243-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Toshiki Takemoto ◽

Junichi Soh ◽

Shuta Ohara ◽

Toshio Fujino ◽

Takamasa Koga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽

Lung Cancer Surgery ◽

Cancer Surgery ◽

Factors Associated

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The prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in China

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21503-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Le Chang ◽

Wangheng Hou ◽

Lei Zhao ◽

Yali Zhang ◽

Yanbin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Antibody Testing ◽

Old Adults ◽

Viral Spread ◽

Health Measures ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Effective Public Health ◽

Age And Sex

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in the cities of Wuhan, Shenzhen, and Shijiazhuang in China. From January to April 2020, 38,144 healthy blood donors in the three cities were tested for total antibody against SARS-CoV-2 followed by pseudotype SARS-CoV-2 neutralization tests, IgG, and IgM antibody testing. Finally, a total of 398 donors were confirmed positive. The age- and sex-standardized SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among 18–60 year-old adults (18–65 year-old in Shenzhen) was 2.66% (95% CI: 2.24%–3.07%) in Wuhan, 0.033% (95% CI: 0.0029%–0.267%) in Shenzhen, and 0.0028% (95% CI: 0.0001%–0.158%) in Shijiazhuang, respectively. Female sex and older-age were identified to be independent risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among blood donors in Wuhan. As most of the population of China remained uninfected during the early wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective public health measures are still certainly required to block viral spread before a vaccine is widely available.

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Prediction of 10-year and lifetime risk of cancer in individual patients with established cardiovascular disease, results from UCC-SMART and CANTOS

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

C.C Van 't Klooster ◽

P.M Ridker ◽

N.R Cook ◽

J.G.J.V Aerts ◽

J Westerink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Funding Source ◽

Cancer Models ◽

Total Cancer ◽

The Cantos ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background As treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has improved substantially over the last decades, more patients survive acute CVD manifestations and are at risk for developing cancer as well as recurrent CVD. Due to similar risk factors, including smoking and obesity, patients with established CVD are at higher risk for cancer. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate prediction models for the estimation of 10-year and lifetime risk for total, colorectal, and lung cancer in patients with established CVD. Methods Data from patients with established CVD from the UCC-SMART prospective cohort study (N=7,280) were used for model development, and data from the CANTOS trial (N=9,322) were used for model validation. Predictors were selected based on previously published cancer risk prediction models or cancer risk factors, easy clinical availability, and availability in the derivation dataset (UCC-SMART cohort). A Fine and Gray competing risk-adjusted lifetime model was developed for total, colorectal, and lung cancer. Results Selected predictors were age, sex, smoking status, weight, height, alcohol use, antiplatelet use, diabetes mellitus, and C-reactive protein. External calibration for 4-year risks of the total cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer models was good (Figure 1), and C-statistics were 0.63–0.74 in the CANTOS trial population. Median predicted lifetime risks in CANTOS were 26% (range 1%-52%) for total cancer, 4% (range 0%-13%) for colorectal cancer, and 5% (range 0%-37%) for lung cancer. Conclusions Lifetime and 10-year risk of cancer can be estimated with easy to measure variables in patients with established CVD, showing a wide distribution of predicted lifetime risks for total cancer and lung cancer. Using these lifetime models in clinical practice could increase understanding of cancer risk and aid in emphasizing healthy lifestyle changes. Figure 1. Calibration plots of cancer models Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): University Medical Center; Additional funding: CANTOS trial was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals.

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A Narrative Review of the Risk Factors for Cancer and the Preventive Opportunities: Current Status, Future Perspectives, and Implications for India

Asian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1731092 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vinod K. Ramani ◽

Ganesha D. V. ◽

Radheshyam Naik

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

Google Search ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Clinical cancer can arise from heterogenous pathways through various genetic mutations. Although we cannot predict the timeline by which an individual will develop cancer, certain risk assessment tools can be used among high-risk groups for focusing the preventive activities. As primary level of cancer prevention, healthy lifestyle approach is being promoted. The etiological factors for lung cancer include by-products of industrialization and air pollution. We need to factor the increase in household air pollution as well. Methods “PubMed” database and Google search engines were used for searching the relevant articles. Search terms with Boolean operators used include “Cancer prevention,” “Missed opportunities in cancer causation,” and “incidence of risk factors.” This review includes 20 studies and other relevant literature that address the opportunities for cancer prevention. Body The narrative describes the association between many of the risk factors and development of cancer. This includes tobacco, alcohol, infections, air pollution, physical inactivity, diet, obesity, screening and preventive strategies, chemoprevention, biomarkers of carcinogenesis, and factors that prolong the diagnosis of cancer. Discussion Reports from basic science research provide evidence on the potential of biologically active food components and pharmacological agents for mitigating the risk of cancer and its progression. However, some reports from observational studies and randomized trials have been inconsistent. We need to recognize the impact of sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, culture, and comorbid illness on preventive interventions. Spiral computed tomographic scan is a robust tool for early detection of lung cancer. Conclusion Infectious etiology for specific cancers provides opportunities for prevention and treatment. The complex interplay between man and microbial flora needs to be dissected, for understanding the pathogenesis of relevant malignancies. For reducing the morbidity of cancer, we need to focus on prevention as a priority strategy and intervene early during the carcinogenic process.

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Risk factors for acute exacerbation in lung cancer complicated by interstitial lung disease with slight reticular shadows

Thoracic Cancer ◽

10.1111/1759-7714.14121 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yutaka Takahara ◽

Takuya Tanaka ◽

Yoko Ishige ◽

Ikuyo Shionoya ◽

Kouichi Yamamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Interstitial Lung Disease ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Acute Exacerbation

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Risk Factors and Prediction Models for Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Patients with Lung Cancer

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9060778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 778

Author(s):

Ann-Rong Yan ◽

Indira Samarawickrema ◽

Mark Naunton ◽

Gregory M. Peterson ◽

Desmond Yip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

High Risk ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Risk Models ◽

Related Risk ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ambulatory Patients

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of mortality in patients with lung cancer. Despite the availability of a wide range of anticoagulants to help prevent thrombosis, thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients is a challenge due to its associated risk of haemorrhage. As a result, anticoagulation is only recommended in patients with a relatively high risk of VTE. Efforts have been made to develop predictive models for VTE risk assessment in cancer patients, but the availability of a reliable predictive model for ambulate patients with lung cancer is unclear. We have analysed the latest information on this topic, with a focus on the lung cancer-related risk factors for VTE, and risk prediction models developed and validated in this group of patients. The existing risk models, such as the Khorana score, the PROTECHT score and the CONKO score, have shown poor performance in external validations, failing to identify many high-risk individuals. Some of the newly developed and updated models may be promising, but their further validation is needed.

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