scholarly journals Yield Evaluation and Primary Energy Assessment of the Jatropha curcas Oil Extraction Process for Use as a Biofuel in Engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Fredy Torres Mejía ◽  
Juan Alexander Torres Mejía ◽  
Henry Edgardo Maradiaga Galeano ◽  
Claudia López Toro
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
The One ◽  
Jatropha Cake

The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of the extraction and mechanical filtering of Jatropha curcas oil and to evaluate the primary energy of the raw material resulting from the process, this is a qualitative-quantitative study of transversal order based on measurements and analysis of the process in situ: The following factors were evaluated as factors: weight of oil per seed processed, weight of pressed cake, and measurements in the filtering process, from which a balance of matter of the process used was constructed, and the energy valuation of the oil and pressed cake, energy was used as the response variable, measured in Tons of Oil Equivalent (TEP), Barrels of Oil Equivalent (BEP), and tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (Ton CO2eq). The seed used is Creole, the one existing in the area, the extraction was carried out in a KEK-P0101 press, and a KEK-F0090 filter. The collected seeds were dried and then discarded, the average shell weight is 40% of the total weight of the dry seed, from the oil extraction process a yield of 18.6% was obtained using seed with 5.8% humidity, and from the oil filtering process, when it passed through the filter, no weight loss in kg was obtained; finally, the equivalent primary energy valuation of one ton of oil is 39076. 39 MJTon-1, which is equivalent to 0.94 TEP, 2.90 Ton CO2 eq, and 20.87 BEP; in the same way one ton of Jatropha cake represents 15969.30 MJ, equivalent to 0.38 TEP, 1.18 Ton CO2 eq, and 8. 53 BEP, and the total primary energy between one ton of oil and one ton of Jatropha cake after oil extraction together contain 55045.61 MJTon-1, equivalent to 1.32 TEP, 4.08 Ton CO2 eq, and 29.41 BEP.

ULTRASONICATED JATROPHA CURCAS SEED RESIDUAL AS POTENTIAL BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shahrir M. Zahari ◽  
S. B. Ismail ◽  
Mohd Zamri Ibrahim ◽  
Su Shiung Lam ◽  
Ramli Mat
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reactive Extraction ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pre Treatment

This study focuses on the prospect of Jatropha Curcas seed residual from the ultrasonic in-situ process which is used as a biofuel raw material especially for producing bioethanol. Reactive extraction process coupled with ultrasonic system were used for simultaneous oil extraction and transesterification of Jatropha Curcas seed. Using ethanol as the solvent, alkaline catalyst (sodium hydroxide) and with the aid of ultrasonic device, about 50% oil from the initial seeds was extracted, which is equivalent to Soxhlet extraction performance. The seeds were being chemically and physically characterized with ultimate analyses, with SEM and XRD as potential bioethanol raw material. SEM and XRD profile exhibited loosen compounds in the ultrasonicated residues and provided a better accessible and easier degradable fiber for assisting bioethanol production process compared to the initial seeds. The positive effects of the ultrasonic reactive extraction for Jatropha Curcas seed pre-treatment is beneficial towards bioethanol production and could further be used as a solvent in the latter process.

scholarly journals STUDY ON MATHEMATICAL MODEL IN SIMULATING CYMBOPOGON WINTERIANUS ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION BY STEAM DISTILLATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik ‘Amirah Farhana Nik Ahmad Lutfi ◽  
Mohd Farid Atan ◽  
Nazeri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Shanti Faridah Salleh ◽  
Noraziah Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Cymbopogon Winterianus

The main objective of this study is to improve the mathematical modelling of Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil extraction by steam distillation proposed by Cassel and Vargas by minimum 5% error reduction. Two process variable of steam distillation which are extraction time and raw material state (dry or natural) has been optimized by using factorial experimental planning to obtain high yields of citronella essential oil from twig and leaves of lemongrass species Cymbopogon winterianus (C.winterianus). The optimal condition for maximum yield (0.942%) were found to be an extraction time, 4 hr, state, natural plant. The study of Cassel and Vargas was subsequently continued with five proposed kinetics model of the extraction process. The modelling of the extraction process is optimized by using one adjustable parameter of the model and the adequacy of the fit of the models to the experimental data are analyzed by using three statistical criteria that are correlation coefficient (r) ,the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean relative deviation modulus (E). The result has shown that the mathematical model developed by Ana based on mass transfer fundamentals is the optimum mathematical model for the extraction of Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil by steam distillation.

scholarly journals Cogeneration Plant on Biomass - Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Enescu ◽  
E. Diaconu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe concept of cogeneration defines the simultaneous production with the same installation of electric and thermal energy (in the form of hot water or steam). High-efficiency cogeneration implies that cogeneration production should ensure primary energy savings of at least 10% compared to the reference values of separate production of electricity and heat. This paper presents the process of functioning of a cogeneration plant, operating in the Suceava county, Romania, referring to the actual values regarding the consumption and the proportions of the raw material on the one hand and the energy produced on the other. It also describes the entire production process as well as the impact on the environment, the social and economic aspects of the implementation of such a project.

Energetic valorization of the residual biomass produced during Jatropha curcas oil extraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 1640-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Heredia Salgado ◽  
Luís A.C. Tarelho ◽  
Daniel Rivadeneira ◽  
Valeria Ramírez ◽  
Danny Sinche
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Residual Biomass

scholarly journals Technology for extraction and transportation of coniferous stumps = Technology for extraction and transportation of coniferous stumps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Agris Zimelis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Wood Energy ◽  
Soil Preparation

Zimelis A. Technology for extraction and transportation of coniferous stumps: PhD thesis - Salaspils: Latvian State Forest Institute (LSFI) ‘Silava’ and Jelgava: Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020, 75 p. The thesis contains of 19 tables and 29 figures. Stump harvesting has been well studied in Scandinavian countries. More detailed studies on stumps as a renewable wood energy resource have been carried out since 1970ies. From the beginning this type of wood resource was linked with planned supply materials for pulp mills. For instance, in Finland for the last couple of decades the extraction of stump wood is carried out as a source for biofuel where in 2005 more than 0.4 mil m3 of raw material was used in the cogeneration cycle. First extensive studies in Latvia were done in 2006 where experimental stump harvesting have been performed in JSC ‘Latvian State Forests’ and LLC ‘Rīgas Meži’. In the past this raw material was used in chemical industry for extraction of rosin, turpentine and their further refined products. In this thesis the assessment of available stump wood energy resources was made using the data from State forest register (SFR) and National forest inventory (NFI). After summarizing abovementioned data, more than 103 thousand GWh of primary energy resource from stumps in clear-cuts of coniferous have been detected. Technically extracted annual amount of primary energy corresponds to 349 GWh. According to the Latvian forest typology largest amount of biomass was detected in Hylocomiosa and Oxalidosa forest types. The majority of available resources 62% can be obtained in state forests and 38% in other forests. To characterize the efficiency of stump extraction in common technological process, in this study all previous studied sites where stump harvesting for biofuel purposes was performed in the territory of Latvia. In total data from 3022 stumps were included. During the modelling process, in which energy efficiency parameters were detected, a need for additional information on soil preparation and stump harvesting was detected. Furthermore, theoretical calculations were started to model the stump operational process under different scenarios. These calculations were based on theoretical mechanical rules where technical stability is detectable, which is mainly depended on diameter on removable stump and site-specific location. Mostly, these two factors are crucial, where technical parameters such as excavator unladen weight, required hydraulic flow and other important parameters should be changed. Based on abovementioned calculation, in this study the elaboration and approbation of particular methods for stump pulling and crushing was done. In the result of this study, it is suggested that the most effective technological approach of stump extraction using MCR 500 II stump lifting head (in additional, this feature is made in Latvia) with medium class forwarder (in this particular study John Deere 810D forwarder is included). Furthermore, for stump grinder it is suggested to use, for instance, CBI Magnum Force 6800P where delivery of grinded wood to the final consumer would be performed by the truck with a capacity at least 90 m3 (in this study the Volvo FM truck is included). The use of this technology scheme, the total amount of energy efficiency factor ir 3.9. This explains the fact that the amount of energy obtained from further use of the wood extracted from stumps will be higher compared to the amount of energy supplied in the extraction process. The main results of the thesis are published in 11 scientific papers and based on research results two Latvian patents have been developed and approved for stump pull and crush, and soil preparation as a part of forestry technology.

scholarly journals Parameters Affecting the Extraction Process of Jatropha curcas Oil Using a Single Screw Extruder

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278
Author(s):  
Ali Nurrakhmad Siregar ◽  
◽  
Jaharah A. Ghani ◽  
Che Hassan Che Haron ◽  
Muhammad Rizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder

scholarly journals Essential Oil Extraction: Being Green and Emerging Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Tosta Machado ◽  
Herman Augusto Lepikson ◽  
Matheus Antônio Nogueira de Andrade ◽  
Paulo Renato Câmera da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cleaning Product ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The essential oil extraction industry responds for a significant role as a raw material supplier to the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and cleaning product segments. These oils are produced mainly via steam distillation in small businesses, applying systems with broad opportunities when technology is concerned. This paper aims to present the technological features to optimize extraction effectiveness (yield) and energy consumption. The answer to the question in the title involves improvement proposals to green extraction and the impact on business. This study is the continuation of the one previously published in the number 3/2021 of this Journal, entitled “Essential Oil Steam Distillation: Manufacturing 4.0”.

scholarly journals Monitoring casbene synthase in Jatropha curcas tissues using targeted proteomics

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Pinto de Almeida ◽  
Domingos Ferreira Mélo Neto ◽  
Gabriel Reis Alves Carneiro ◽  
Andreza Raquel Barbosa de Farias ◽  
Gilberto Barbosa Domont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Targeted Proteomics ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract Background Casbene synthase (CS) is responsible for the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phorbol esters (PE) in the Euphorbiaceae. PE are abundant in the seeds of the biofuel crop Jatropha curcas and its toxicity precludes the use of the protein-rich cake obtained after oil extraction as an animal feed and the toxicity of the fumes derived from burning PE containing biofuel is also a matter of concern. This toxicity is a major hindrance to exploit the potential of this crop as a source of raw material to produce biodiesel. For this reason, the current research on J. curcas is mainly focused on the understanding of the biosynthesis and site of synthesis of PE, as an avenue for the development of genotypes unable to synthesize PE in its seeds. Results Here, we present targeted proteomics assays (SRM and PRM) to detect and quantify CS in leaves, endosperm, and roots of two J. curcas genotypes with contrasting levels of PE. These assays were based on the use of reference isotopic labeled synthetic peptides (ILSP) predicted from 12 gene models of CS from the J. curcas genome. Conclusion Our targeted proteomics methods were able to detect and quantify, for the first time, CS gene products and demonstrate the distribution of CS isoforms only in roots from J. curcas genotypes with a high and low concentration of PE. These methods can be expanded to monitor CS, at the protein level, in different tissues and genotypes of J. curcas.

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