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2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 106777
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Yolina Yu Lin Wang ◽  
W. Casan Scott ◽  
E. Spencer Williams ◽  
Michael Ciarlo ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Tosta Machado ◽  
Herman Augusto Lepikson ◽  
Matheus Antônio Nogueira de Andrade ◽  
Paulo Renato Câmera da Silva

The essential oil extraction industry responds for a significant role as a raw material supplier to the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and cleaning product segments. These oils are produced mainly via steam distillation in small businesses, applying systems with broad opportunities when technology is concerned. This paper aims to present the technological features to optimize extraction effectiveness (yield) and energy consumption. The answer to the question in the title involves improvement proposals to green extraction and the impact on business. This study is the continuation of the one previously published in the number 3/2021 of this Journal, entitled “Essential Oil Steam Distillation: Manufacturing 4.0”.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Risma Andriani ◽  
Yani Ambari ◽  
Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah

Soap is a type of cleaning product that is used to clean dust, oil, dirt, germs, and bacteria that stick to the skin. Ginger is a plant that contains a wide range of antibacterial compounds including E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, B. Cereus, L monocytogenes and Candida albicans bacteria. Soap is made by chemically reacting sodium or potassium compounds with fatty acids derived from vegetable oil or animal oil. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics of solid soap with ginger rhizome extract with a combination of coconut oil and palm oil and analyze the panelist’s response to the soap produced. In the third week of observation, it is known that the water content ranges from 0,07%-0,1% with foam stability 71,11%-88,23% and pH 8,96-9,08. The most preferred solid soap based on the response of the panelist is soap from a mixture of coconut oil and palm oil with a ratio of 15:5.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Göksel Vatansever

Poisoning; It is the harm of a foreign substance such as medicine, cleaning product and pesticides to the body through toxic dose mouth, inhalation, injection and absorption through the skin. It is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in childhood. More than 45,000 children and adolescents die from poisoning each year. The mortality rate in children under the age of 20 is 1.8 per 100,000. The death rate due to poisoning is higher in boys than in girls. Although it can be encountered at any age in childhood, children under the age of five constitute approximately 50% of all poisoning cases.


Author(s):  
Abdul Mutalib bin Leman ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Muzarpar ◽  
Mohd Norhafsam Maghpor ◽  
Khairunnisa Rahman ◽  
Nik Normunira Mat Hassan ◽  
...  

High concentration of indoor air contaminant commonly released by human activities, furniture, building materials, carpets, cleaning product and paints. BTEX contains Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) is categorized into VOCs which are indicative of harmful chemicals especially for indoor air. Therefore, it needs the sampling media for absorption before it could be analyse in the specific laboratory. One of the challenging technology to absorb BTEX is by using Palm Shell Activated Carbon (PSAC).  Malaysia has a second largest country that produce palm oil which led to abundant of palm shell as waste material. Activated carbon is created through the carbonization, crushing and activation process. Carbonization process is conducted in various holding time of 1, 2 and 3 hours which called by CT1. CT2 and CT3 hours, respectively. Activation process is conducted through physical activation at temperature of 900 0C for 1 hour, chemical activation is conducted by Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) with ratio of 1:1 (charcoal: chemical) and holding time for 12 hours. It heated by furnace at temperature of 850 0C for 1 hours in order to improve the porosity and larger surface area. The physical properties were conducted by ASTM 3713, 3714 and 3715 for moisture, as and volatile content measurement. Surface morphology and composition as well as porosity image is characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) machine. The result shows that the lowest ash, moisture and volatile content is shown by CT1 sample, but it has not completely carbonized as compared to CT2 and CT3. Moreover, CT3 has highest ash, moisture and volatile content but it has lowest fixed carbon as compared to CT1 and CT2. Therefore, CT2 hours is selected for further process. In microstructure analysis is observed that the PSACphysical+chemical has larger number of porosities with the diameter approximately of 50 to 150 µm, for PSACphysical approximately of 25 to 100 µm and PSACchemical of below than 50 µm. Composition analysis is observed that the sample is mainly consists of Carbon (C), Oxygen (O) and Potassium (K) content. Where larger porosity is in-line with the increment of K content which indicated in larger adsorption capacity. It can be summarized that palm shell with 2 hours carbonization time and it activated become PSACphysical+chemical has a high potential to larger adsorption capacity of indoor air contaminant adsorption. It is being further explore for sampling media of BTEX.


2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 649-654
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Tyutrin ◽  
Andrey S. Vologin

The paper is devoted to the urgent issue of processing the dust waste of metallurgical-grade silicon production, i.e. wet cleaning sludge, which contains a significant amount of valuable silica. The paper analyzes the formation of finely dispersed techno-genic materials that are generated in significant quantities (up to 120 t/d) at the Kremniy JSC. The composition and properties of the silicon production wet cleaning product have been studied. In analytical studies of the wet cleaning sludge samples, the modern certified analysis techniques have been used: laser diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence. According to the analysis, the L:S ratio of liquid sludge is 2.1:1; after dehydration, the sludge cake has a grain size of 150 μm, with the prevailing (90 %) grain size of 59.65 μm in the test sample. The chemical composition of the sludge is 95.86 % SiO2; therefore, the wet cleaning sludge is a valuable raw material to produce metallurgical-grade silicon. Based on the analysis of the composition and properties of the silicon production wet cleaning sludge sample, we have developed a program for its processing. Sustainable sludge processing techniques are aimed at obtaining a briquetted charge, which can be used as an additive to the main raw material.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Gabriel B. Snashall ◽  
Helen M. Poulos

While the myriad benefits of palm oil as a food, makeup, and cleaning product additive drive its demand, globally, the palm oil industry remains largely unsustainable and unregulated. The negative externalities of palm oil production are diverse and devastating to tropical ecosystem integrity and human livelihoods in palm oil nations. Given the current trend in increasing sustainability and transparency in global supply chains, we suggest that sustainability policy reforms are feasible and have the potential to promote 21st century U.S. and international sustainability standards. Polycentric governance may improve the attainment of sustainable global palm oil standards with a set of rules that interact across linear and nonlinear hierarchies and structures, thereby improving collaboration efforts, and increasing connectivity and learning across scales and cultures. Transformations towards sustainability in international palm oil governance has the potential to make valuable contributions to global sustainable development and improve the prosperity of poor rural communities in the tropics by providing a framework for achieving palm oil trade transparency and aligning the sustainability goals across a range of actors.


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