scholarly journals The Role of Serum Alpha-Amylase and Glycogen Synthase in the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Terminalia catappa Aqueous Leaf Extract in Diabetic Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ezekiel E. Ben ◽  
Asuquo E. Asuquo ◽  
D. U. Owu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Background: The endocrinal abnormalities in diabetes mellitus as one of the numerous metabolic disorders is associated with derangement in exocrine functions of the pancreas and ultimately influences blood glucose regulation. Aim: The study was aimed at assessing the role of alpha-amylase and glycogen synthase in anti-diabetic potential of Terminalia catappa in diabetic rats.  Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control administered distilled water at 5ml/kg bodyweight and group 2 was a non diabetic group given orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa.  Groups 3, 4 and 5 received a single dose of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and rats with blood glucose levels ≥200mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. This was followed by oral administration of 5ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract orally and subcutaneous administration of insulin, 0.75U/kg body weight to groups 3 (diabetic), 4(diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) respectively. Results: The results showed significant (P<.05) increase in serum level of alpha-amylase and glycogen synthase in both non-diabetic extract treated and diabetic groups when compared to control. But these enzymes significantly (P<.05) reduced in diabetic extract and insulin treated groups when compared to the diabetic group.  Conclusion: Therefore the hypoglycaemic potential of Terminalia catappa leaf extract could be attributed to its ability to reduce alpha-amylase level while lowered glycogen synthase might be secondary to reduction in blood glucose.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of Some Inflammatory Markers in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Terminalia catappa and Exogenous Insulin

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ezekiel E. Ben ◽  
Asuquo E. Asuquo ◽  
D. U. Owu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Background: Inflammation is said to be associated with hyperglycaemia and is implicated in the complications of diabetes. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the level of some inflammatory markers in blood of diabetic rats administered with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa and exogenous insulin.  Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and received 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water and group 2 received orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Groups 3 (diabetic only), 4 (diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) were administered 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and blood glucose levels ≥200 mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. Then 5 ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130 mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract was given orally and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin was administered subcutaneously to respective groups and the experiment lasted for 14 days. Results: The results showed significant (P< 0.05) increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and blood fibrinogen in diabetic group compared to control. These inflammatory biomarkers significantly (P<0.05) reduced in diabetic group treated with extract and insulin.  Conclusion: Therefore aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa can reduce some inflammatory cytokines and ameliorate inflammation in diabetes similar to exogenous insulin.

scholarly journals Comparative Effect of Aspirin, Meloxicam and Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract on Serum Levels of Some Inflammatory Markers in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ezekiel E. Ben ◽  
Asuquo E. Asuquo ◽  
Daniel U. Owu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: The association between diabetes mellitus and inflammation is established but the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not without some health risk. Aim: The study was aimed at comparing the levels of some inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic rats treated with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and exogenous insulin. Materials and Methods: Thirty six (36) Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 and 2 served as normal and diabetic controls and received orally 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water. Group 3 was diabetic treated orally with 130mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa.  And groups 4, 5 and 6 were administered orally with aspirin (30mg/kg), meloxicam (2mg/kg) and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin subcutaneously. Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution and diabetes confirmed after 72 hours with blood glucose levels ≥200mg/dl. The experiment lasted for 14 days and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for serum analysis of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and Fibrinogen by ELISA method. Results: The results showed significant (P<0.05) increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and blood fibrinogen in diabetic group compared to control. These inflammatory biomarker were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the extract, aspirin, meloxicam and insulin.  Conclusion: The reduced levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and fibrinogen by aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa was significant compared to aspirin and meloxicam. This may present the extract as a potent anti-inflammatory agent and could complement the function of insulin in diabetes treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Co-Administration of Agnus castus Aqueous Leaf Extract and Cadmium Chloride on Testicular Function Indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomilola Olaolu ◽  
Damilola Ajibola ◽  
Damilare Rotimi ◽  
Oghenerobor Akpor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Agnus Castus ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Background: Cadmium toxicity is an environmental health menace in developing countries, which can result in damage to the male reproductive system. The mechanisms of cadmium toxicity include an increase in lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione, reduction in protein-bound sulfhydryl groups, and increase of oxidative stress. Agnus castus has been differently reported for its strong antioxidant potential and reproductive-enhancing properties. These two properties make the plant viable for the possible amelioration of cadmium toxicity. Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Agnus castus aqueous leaf extract on the testicular function indices in cadmium chloride-treated rats. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats (100 - 160) g, Rattus norvegicus strain, were randomly distributed into five different groups, each containing five animals. The animals were grouped as follows. Group A (control group) received distilled water, and group B received 6.5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium chloride. Groups C, D, and E received 6.5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium chloride each together with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Agnus castus, respectively. The administration was done by oral gavage, once daily for 21 days. The animals were finally sacrificed on day 22. The serum was collected, and the testis was excised for testicular function indices, hormonal assays, and antioxidant activities. Results: Exposure to cadmium chloride caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the weight of the testes and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione) compared to the control group. However, co-treatment with cadmium chloride and Agnus castus leaves resulted in the amelioration of cadmium-induced reduction in testicular weight and antioxidant enzymes. Exposure to cadmium chloride caused a significant decrease in testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone when compared to the control group. Co-treatment with cadmium chloride and Agnus castus increased the levels of glycogen, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone in the rats’ testes. Conclusions: The aqueous leaf extract of Agnus castus displayed a protective role in testicular function and antioxidants in Wistar rats against cadmium chloride toxicity, compared to control rats that received distilled water only.

scholarly journals Possible amelioration of oxidative stress damage via cyclo-oxygenase pathway by aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 038-048
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Etim Ben ◽  
Asuquo Etim Asuquo ◽  
Daniel Udofia Owu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Terminalia Catappa

Cellular damage due to oxidative stress had been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. This study was to investigate possible amelioration of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus by aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Wistar rats weighing 200 -250g was divided into nine groups with 6 rats per group. The main test group has 5 groups while the group for assessing possible mechanism had 4 groups. Group 1 (control) and group 2(non-diabetic) received orally per kg body weight; 0.5ml distilled water and 130mg of Terminalia catappa respectively. Group 3 (diabetic), group 4 (diabetic + extract) and group 5 (diabetic + insulin) also respectively received 0.5ml distilled water, 130mg Terminalia. catappa extract and 0.75UI insulin subcutaneously. Groups 6, 7, 8 and 9 administered orally with aspirin; 30mg/kg, meloxicam; 2mg/kg and combination of extract with aspirin and meloxicam respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days and glucose level ≥ 200mg/dl was considered diabetic following intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan. Results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), malondialdehyde (MDA) and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diabetic group compared with control. The LDL and MDA were significantly (p<0.05) reduced while SOD increased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with diabetic group and the control following administration of Terminalia catappa, aspirin, meloxicam and insulin. The leaf extract of Terminalia catappa possess possible ameliorating potential on oxidative stress induced damages by impeding lipid peroxidation but improved on antioxidant enzyme in diabetic condition.

Effects of n-hexane and ethylacetate fractions of Terminalia catappa leaf extract in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folashade Sarah Ojeleye ◽  
Helen Ileigo Inabo ◽  
Clement Myah Zaman Whong ◽  
Bolanle Olufunke Priscilla Musa ◽  
Ochuko Orakpoghenor
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Terminalia Catappa

acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract of launaea taraxacifolia (willd.) in wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Millicent Umaru ◽  
Kabiru Abubakar ◽  
Gabriel Uyaiabasi ◽  
Giaze Tijjani ◽  
Yusuf Alkali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals The Hypoglycaemic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidative Effects of Anacardium Occidentale Methanolic Nut Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folasade O. AJAO ◽  
Michael A. Olamoyegun ◽  
Marcus O. Iyedupe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background: This research work investigated the antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and antioxidative effects of Anacardium occidentale methanolic nut extract in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: Forty (40) Wistar rats weighing 250±30g were randomly divided into five groups of 8 rats each. Group 1 served as the control; Group 2-5 were induced with diabetes with a single dose of 50mg/kg bw of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. After diabetes induction, Group 2 served as the STZ-only group, Groups 3 and 4 were administered 100mg/kg bw and 200mg/kg bw p.o Anacardium occidentale nut extract, respectively, while Group 5 was administered 2mg/kg bw of glimepiride as a reference drug for a period of 4 weeks. Food and water intake were monitored daily, body weight, and blood glucose levels weekly throughout the experiment. On day 29, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical studies. Results: Administration of the nut extract significantly (p<0.05) increased the food intake and body weight of diabetic treated rats, fasting blood glucose level and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in treated rats. On lipid profile, administration of nut extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein concentrations while it significantly increases (p<0.05) the high-density lipoprotein. Anacardium occidentale nut extract caused significantly (p<0.05) increases in SOD, GPx, GSH, and CAT levels with a decrease MDA level in diabetic treated rats. Markers of liver and kidney functions were also improved in diabetic treated rats.Conclusion: Treatment with Anacardium occidentale methanolic nut extract has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepato-protective effects in diabetic rats. It also alleviates oxidative stress activity and restoration of markers of kidney function, and may be useful as alternative therapy in the management of diabetes and its related complications.

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