scholarly journals Serum Levels of Some Inflammatory Markers in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Terminalia catappa and Exogenous Insulin

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ezekiel E. Ben ◽  
Asuquo E. Asuquo ◽  
D. U. Owu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Background: Inflammation is said to be associated with hyperglycaemia and is implicated in the complications of diabetes. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the level of some inflammatory markers in blood of diabetic rats administered with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa and exogenous insulin.  Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and received 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water and group 2 received orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Groups 3 (diabetic only), 4 (diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) were administered 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and blood glucose levels ≥200 mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. Then 5 ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130 mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract was given orally and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin was administered subcutaneously to respective groups and the experiment lasted for 14 days. Results: The results showed significant (P< 0.05) increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and blood fibrinogen in diabetic group compared to control. These inflammatory biomarkers significantly (P<0.05) reduced in diabetic group treated with extract and insulin.  Conclusion: Therefore aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa can reduce some inflammatory cytokines and ameliorate inflammation in diabetes similar to exogenous insulin.

scholarly journals Comparative Effect of Aspirin, Meloxicam and Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract on Serum Levels of Some Inflammatory Markers in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ezekiel E. Ben ◽  
Asuquo E. Asuquo ◽  
Daniel U. Owu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: The association between diabetes mellitus and inflammation is established but the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not without some health risk. Aim: The study was aimed at comparing the levels of some inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic rats treated with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and exogenous insulin. Materials and Methods: Thirty six (36) Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 and 2 served as normal and diabetic controls and received orally 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water. Group 3 was diabetic treated orally with 130mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa.  And groups 4, 5 and 6 were administered orally with aspirin (30mg/kg), meloxicam (2mg/kg) and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin subcutaneously. Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution and diabetes confirmed after 72 hours with blood glucose levels ≥200mg/dl. The experiment lasted for 14 days and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for serum analysis of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and Fibrinogen by ELISA method. Results: The results showed significant (P<0.05) increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and blood fibrinogen in diabetic group compared to control. These inflammatory biomarker were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the extract, aspirin, meloxicam and insulin.  Conclusion: The reduced levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and fibrinogen by aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa was significant compared to aspirin and meloxicam. This may present the extract as a potent anti-inflammatory agent and could complement the function of insulin in diabetes treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Serum Alpha-Amylase and Glycogen Synthase in the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Terminalia catappa Aqueous Leaf Extract in Diabetic Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ezekiel E. Ben ◽  
Asuquo E. Asuquo ◽  
D. U. Owu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Background: The endocrinal abnormalities in diabetes mellitus as one of the numerous metabolic disorders is associated with derangement in exocrine functions of the pancreas and ultimately influences blood glucose regulation. Aim: The study was aimed at assessing the role of alpha-amylase and glycogen synthase in anti-diabetic potential of Terminalia catappa in diabetic rats.  Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control administered distilled water at 5ml/kg bodyweight and group 2 was a non diabetic group given orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa.  Groups 3, 4 and 5 received a single dose of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and rats with blood glucose levels ≥200mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. This was followed by oral administration of 5ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract orally and subcutaneous administration of insulin, 0.75U/kg body weight to groups 3 (diabetic), 4(diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) respectively. Results: The results showed significant (P<.05) increase in serum level of alpha-amylase and glycogen synthase in both non-diabetic extract treated and diabetic groups when compared to control. But these enzymes significantly (P<.05) reduced in diabetic extract and insulin treated groups when compared to the diabetic group.  Conclusion: Therefore the hypoglycaemic potential of Terminalia catappa leaf extract could be attributed to its ability to reduce alpha-amylase level while lowered glycogen synthase might be secondary to reduction in blood glucose.

scholarly journals Possible amelioration of oxidative stress damage via cyclo-oxygenase pathway by aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 038-048
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Etim Ben ◽  
Asuquo Etim Asuquo ◽  
Daniel Udofia Owu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Terminalia Catappa

Cellular damage due to oxidative stress had been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. This study was to investigate possible amelioration of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus by aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Wistar rats weighing 200 -250g was divided into nine groups with 6 rats per group. The main test group has 5 groups while the group for assessing possible mechanism had 4 groups. Group 1 (control) and group 2(non-diabetic) received orally per kg body weight; 0.5ml distilled water and 130mg of Terminalia catappa respectively. Group 3 (diabetic), group 4 (diabetic + extract) and group 5 (diabetic + insulin) also respectively received 0.5ml distilled water, 130mg Terminalia. catappa extract and 0.75UI insulin subcutaneously. Groups 6, 7, 8 and 9 administered orally with aspirin; 30mg/kg, meloxicam; 2mg/kg and combination of extract with aspirin and meloxicam respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days and glucose level ≥ 200mg/dl was considered diabetic following intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan. Results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), malondialdehyde (MDA) and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diabetic group compared with control. The LDL and MDA were significantly (p<0.05) reduced while SOD increased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with diabetic group and the control following administration of Terminalia catappa, aspirin, meloxicam and insulin. The leaf extract of Terminalia catappa possess possible ameliorating potential on oxidative stress induced damages by impeding lipid peroxidation but improved on antioxidant enzyme in diabetic condition.

scholarly journals Examining the Androgenic Effect of Different Imperata Cylindrica Extracts on Diabetic Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
M. O. Nwokike ◽  
S. I. Ghasi ◽  
A. O. Ogbonna ◽  
C. A. Anusiem ◽  
C. C. Ofor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Root Extracts

This was an experimental study that evaluated the effect of aqueous, methanol and chloroform root extracts of Imperata cylindrica on serum levels of testosterone in male Wistar rats. Shade dried Imperata cylindrica roots were pounded and crude extracts prepared using distilled water, methanol and chloroform. Diabetes mellitus was induced with alloxan monohydrate and the diabetic rats were divided into six groups (n=8) and kept in separate cages. Group A rats were Non-Diabetic Rats Treated With Distilled Water. In Group B were placed Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Distilled Water. Groups C, D and E contained Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with 200 mg/Kg body weight water, chloroform and methanol Imperata cylindrica root extracts in the given order. Group F was the Positive Control with Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Glibenclamide [0.5 mg/kg body weight]. This treatment was carried out for 28 days sequentially. An analysis of the serum obtained from the rats after 28 days indicate that the extracts increased testosterone levels to varying degrees with the methanol extract producing the highest activity of 27.42 percent. This increase is from 3.23±0.04 ng/ml at baseline to 4.45±0.11 ng/ml after 28 days (p 0.0001). The increase due to aqueous extract was equally very statistically significant (p 0.0001) as the baseline concentration of testosterone, 3.35±0.08 ng/ml was increased by 23.70% to 4.39±0.32 ng/ml. The chloroform extract proved to be the least active of the extracts as it only increased the testosterone level by 11.76% from 3.15±0.19 ng/ml at baseline to 3.57±0.09 ng/ml after 28 days (p=0.0213). This was about two and half times lower than the methanol extract that elicited highest activity among the extracts and about four times less than the effect produced by the Group F rats treated with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide. The testosterone levels of Group F rats after 28 days increased to the levels seen in the normal control group that did not receive alloxan, from 3.17±0.12 to 5.51±0.25 ng/ml, a 42.47% change. This result indicates that methanol is the best extractant of the three solvents analyzed.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Eriosema psoraleoides on Antihyperglycemic and Hypolipidemic Potentials in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nduka, Florence O. ◽  
Ogugua, Victor N. ◽  
Nwigwe, Juliet O. ◽  
Nwaso, Chika B. ◽  
Abdulrasheed, Momoh B.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Aim: This study was targeted at valuing a claim by traditional herbal practitioners that the leaf of Eriosema psoraleoides possesses a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic property by assessing the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Eriosema psoraleoides on antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic potentials in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Thirty male albino rats weighing 180-220 g were divided into 5 experimental groups of six rats each; control, diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with glibenclamide and diabetic treated with Eriosema psoraleoides. Diabetes was induced by 130 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of alloxan monohydrates. The control and diabetic groups received normal saline while the diabetic treated groups were administered with 0.3 mg/kg body weight glibenclamide, and 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Eriosema psoraleoides respectively. The experiment period was 7 days, with the determination of their glucose level and body weight every two days.  At the end of the experimental period, the animal’s blood samples were taken from the animals for the determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Statistical comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range tests. Results: The results of the study show a significant reduction in blood glucose. The result also showed that in diabetic rats, body weight was decreased but the application of the extract increased (P<0.05, n=6). Similarly, the result showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, TG and LDL level of the diabetic group when compared with the control, glibenclamide and extract treated diabetic groups (with the highest performance at 400 mg/kg). Also, Eriosema psoraleoides aqueous leaf extract treated diabetic rat’s shows a significant increase in HDL levels compared to the diabetic control. Conclusion: The study indicates that Eriosema psoraleoides possess hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic potentials.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective Property of C. chayamansa Aqueous Leaf Extract in Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dingkwoet Dabak ◽  
Rose Titus Kuyambana ◽  
Titilayo Omolara Johnson ◽  
Jonathan Latrwang Dabal
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Test Control

Aim: To evaluate the nephroprotective property of Cnidoscolus chayamansa aqueous leaf extract in diabetic rats. Study Design: Rats were randomly divided into five groups with group 1 as the normal control. Diabetic was induced in groups 2-4. Group 2 was used as the test control while groups 3 and 4 were treated with different concentrations of the leaf extract; group 5 was treated with the standard drug, glipizide. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Biochemistry and Anatomy, University of Jos, Nigeria, between August to November, 2019. Methodology: Fourty (40) male albino Wistar rats were grouped into five groups. The rats were treated for fourteen days and then sacrificed by decapitation after anaesthesia. Blood was collected for biochemical parameters; kidney was excised and stored in formaldehyde until required for histopathological study. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate were determined using appropriate methods. Results: The test control had a significant (P < .05) decrease in the concentrations of Na+, Cl- and HCO3- ions; significant (P < .05) increases in serum K+ ion, urea, uric acid and creatinine. Treatments of the test groups with the different doses of the leaf extract and the standard drug increased the concentration of Na+ ion which was not significantly (P < .05) different from the test control. On the other hand, the concentration of Cl- and HCO- ions  were significantly (P < .05) increased; the concentrations of K+, urea, uric acid and creatinine were significantly (P < .05) decreased. The histochemistry of the kidneys revealed that the injury brought about under diabetic condition was ameliorated with the treatments with the low and high doses of the leaf extract, and the standard drug. Conclusion: The results show that the aqueous leaf extract has nephroprotective property.

scholarly journals Effects of l-Carnitine on the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Testosterone, and Testicular Tissue Oxidative Stress Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1879605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourollah Rezaei ◽  
Tahereh Mardanshahi ◽  
Majid Malekzadeh Shafaroudi ◽  
Saeed Abedian ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant property of l-carnitine (LC) on serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TH) and testis oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The rats were divided into the following groups: group I, control; group II, LC 100 mg/kg/d; group III, diabetic; and groups IV to VI, diabetic rats treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/d of LC, respectively. Daily injections were given intraperitoneally for 7 weeks. At the end of experimental period, after sacrificing the rats, FSH, LH, TH, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), mitochondrial function (MTT), protein carbonyl (PC), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. STZ caused an elevation of MDA, ROS, and PC ( P < .001) with reduction of GSH, CAT, TAC, and MTT ( P < .001) in the serum levels. Group VI had significantly increased FSH, LH, and TH levels versus the untreated diabetic group ( P < .001). Although groups V and VI significantly decreased MDA ( P < .001), PC ( P < .01), and ROS ( P < .01) compared with the untreated diabetic group; only in group VI, the activity of GSH ( P < .001), CAT ( P < .01), TAC ( P < .001), and MTT ( P < .001) significantly increased. The results of the present study suggest that LC decreased diabetes-induced oxidative stress complications and also improved serum level of FSH, LH, and TH by reducing levels of lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant enzymes.

Antidiabetic and antioxidative properties of the hydro-methanolic extract (60:40) of rhizomes of Curcuma amada roxb. (Zingiberaceae) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rat: a dose-dependent study through biochemical and genomic approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipanwita Mitra ◽  
Riya Sarkar ◽  
Debidas Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Curcuma Amada ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Curcuma amada is the most popular traditional medicine in India for the treatment of diabetes. The present study aimed to focus the antidiabetic and antioxidative activity of C. amada through the analysis of biochemical and genomic levels in a dose-dependent manner in streptozotocin-induced male adult rat. Method Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administered orally with hydro-methanolic extract of C. amada at the dose of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/100 g body weight of rats for 28 days. The antidiabetic and antioxidative efficacy of the extract on glycemic, enzymatic, genomic and histological sensors along with toxicity study was investigated. Results The result showed a significant antidiabetic and antioxidative effect of the extract at dose-dependent manner. The significant recovery of fasting blood glucose level, serum insulin, activity of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and antioxidative enzymes in extract-treated diabetic group as compared to untreated diabetic group were noted. After the extract treatment, the size of pancreatic islet and cell population densities were significantly increased. Activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in liver were significantly recovered along with the correction of Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression in hepatic tissue after the extract treatment in diabetic rats in respect to untreated diabetic group. Out of all the doses, the significant effects were noted at the dose of 20 mg/100 g body weight which has been considered as threshold dose in the concern. Conclusion It may be concluded that the significant and corrective effect in most of the sensors was noted at the minimum dose of 20 mg/100 g body weight of hydro-methanolic extract of C. amada without producing any toxicity.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic potential of the leaf extract of Centella asiatica in alloxaninduced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talha Bin Emran ◽  
Mycal Dutta ◽  
Mir Muhammad Nasir Uddin ◽  
Aninda Kumar Nath ◽  
Md Zia Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat

The study was designed to evaluate the glucose and cholesterol lowering effect of the aqueous extract of Centella asiatica leaf using the alloxan-induced diabetic rats and compared the activity with diabetic control and antidiabetic drug (Glibenclamide). Leaf extract (50 mg/kg) of C. asiatica and Glibenclamide were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats for the duration of 10 days. In the alloxan-induced diabetic rat model, C. asiatica extract (50 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the fasting blood glucose level as well as the total cholesterol level. Serum insulin levels were not stimulated in the animals treated with the extract. In addition, changes in body weight, serum lipid profiles and liver glycogen levels assessed in the extract treated diabetic rats were compared with diabetic control and normal animals. Significant results (p < 0.05) were observed in the estimated parameters. Surprisingly, body weight was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the C. asiatica treated diabetic group. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and tannins in significant amountsJahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(1): 51-59, 2015 (June)

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