Ethno Apicultural Survey of Melliferous Plant Species in the Great Green Wall Widou and Koyli Alpha, Senegal

This study has surveyed honey plants used by Apis mellifera in the Great Green Wall of Senegal by involving 38 people (21 in Widou, 17 in Koyli Alpha). The study revealed seventeen species divided into fourteen genera and nine families. Fabaceae was the most represented family with 5 species followed by Combretaceae (3 species), Malvaceae and Rutaceae each with 2 species, and Anacardiaceae, Balanitaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sterculiaceae, Meliaceae each with one species. The most frequent melliferous plant species were : Combretum glutinosum, Guiera senegalensis, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia radiana, Lannea acida, Terminalia avicennoides, Sclerocarya birrea, Sterculia setigera and Maytenus senegalensis. The trees were more large with 58.82% followed by shrubs (35.29%) and herbs (5.88%). Spontaneous plants represent 76.47% and cultivated plants represent 23.53%. The melliferous flora was largely dominated by African and Afro-Indian species, which together accounted for 70.58% of the species. According to their apicultural value, the nectariferous species represented 58.82% and the reamining were polleniferous (41.18%). The species that bloom in the rainy season were more numerous with 52.94% of the species. This study enabled us to identify nine (09) species with high melliferous value. Further studies on foraging activity and nectar production would be highly useful to test real melliferous potential of these plants and their value further.

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Contribution to the knowledge of melliferous plants: Ethno apicultural survey with beekeepers in the District of Ziguinchor, Kolda and Sedhiou (Senegal)

Journal of Medicinal Botany ◽

10.25081/jmb.2020.v4.5881 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Kady Diatta ◽

William Diatta ◽

Alioune Dior Fall ◽

Serigne Ibra mbacké Dieng ◽

Amadou Ibrahima Mbaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Foraging Activity ◽

Nectar Production

An ethno-apicultural survey was carried out for the plant species pollinated by honey bees in the green district of Casamance (South Senegal). This survey followed a well-established questionnaire concerning beekeepers in these areas. The listed melliferous flora was made of 61 species either. It’s divided into 58 genera and 30 families though the most represented are in decreasing order Fabaceae with 12 species (19.67%) followed by Rutaceae and Malvaceae with 4 species (6.55% each), Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae, Gramineae, Myrtaceae, with 3 species (4.91% each), then Chrysobalanaceae, Lamiaceae, Meliaceae and Rubiaceae with 2 species (3.27% each) and then Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Canabaceae, Verbenaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Annonaceae, Hymenocardiaceae, Icacinaceae, Lauraceae, Moringaceae, Musaceae, Celastraceae, Rhizophoraceae, Sapindaceae, Sterculiceae, Moraceae, Ochnaceae, with 1 species (1.63% each). Melliferous plants include 47.54% nectariferous plants followed by nectariferous polliniferous plants with 37.70% and finally polliniferous species with 14.75%. This study enabled us to identify eight (08) species with high melliferous value. To enhance the value of these plants, further studies on foraging activity and nectar production will be led to prove their real melliferous potential.

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Influência dos Fatores Ambientais e da Quantidade de Néctar na Atividade de Forrageio de Abelhas em Flores de Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham.) DC. (Bignoniaceae)

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i3.295 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 193-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keila Nogueira da Silva ◽

João Cloves Stanzani Dutra ◽

Mateus Nucci ◽

Leandro Pereira Polatto

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Plant Species ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Foraging Activity ◽

Nectar Production ◽

Focal Area ◽

Effective Pollinators

Resumo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência diária dos fatores ambientais e da quantidade de néctar na frequência de forrageio de abelhas em flores de Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham.) DC. Para isso, foi demarcada uma área focal e registrada a atividade de forrageio das abelhas em um intervalo de 30 minutos para cada hora, das 6:00 às 17:30 h, nas flores da referida espécie vegetal durante quatro dias não consecutivos. Também foi avaliada a produção acumulativa de néctar e o seu consumo pelos visitantes no decorrer do dia. Dados referentes à temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, luminosidade e velocidade do vento foram anotados no início de cada hora. Para verificar se as frequências de forrageios das espécies de abelhas estavam correlacionadas com os fatores abióticos, foram realizados testes de correlação de Pearson. Dentre as espécies registradas, Oxaea flavescens Klug apresentou o maior número de forrageios. O número de forrageio no decorrer do dia não se manteve uniforme, o que faz acreditar que a atividade de forrageio das abelhas sofreu interferência dos fatores ambientais e da quantidade de néctar presente nas flores de A. bracteatum. Os polinizadores efetivos foram responsáveis por 51,6% do total de visitas por flor em A. bracteatum, enquanto os pilhadores de recursos perfizeram 33,1% e os furtadores de recursos realizaram somente 15,3% do total de visitas por flor. Houve ainda, forrageios de formigas e moscas. As formigas sugavam néctar extrafloral, possivelmente conferindo proteção contra pilhagem de néctar. Já as moscas pousavam na corola, mas não extraíram néctar nem pólen. Influence in the Environmental Factors and the Amount of Nectar in the Foraging Activity of Bees on Flowers Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham.) DC. (Bignoniaceae) Abstract. This study aimed to evaluate the daily influence of environmental factors and the amount of nectar in the foraging frequency of bees on flowers Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham.) DC. For this, a focal area was demarcated and registered foraging activity of bees in a 30-minute break for every hour from 6:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., in the flowers of this plant species during four non-consecutive days. Also was analyzed the nectar production and its consumption by visitors throughout the day. Data relating to temperature, relative humidity, luminosity, and wind speed were recorded at the beginning of each hour. To check if the frequencies of foraging the bee species were correlated with abiotic factors, tests of Pearson correlation were performed. Among the species recorded, Oxaea flavescens Klug had the highest number of foraging. The number of foraging during the day did not remain uniform, which makes to believe that foraging activity of bees suffered interference from environmental factors and the amount of nectar present in flowers of A. bracteatum. The effective pollinators were responsible for 51.6% of total visits per flower in A. bracteatum, while the robber’s resources totaled 33.1%, and only 15.3% of all visits were made by thieves’ resource. There was also foraging of ants and flies. Nectar present around the flower was sucked by ants, possibly conferring protection against robbery nectar. There were flies landing on the corolla of the flowers, but nectar and pollen were not collected.

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CONSERVATION, UTILIZATION OF LOCAL PLANT SPECIES, AND CULTIVATION AS THE EFFORTS OF CONTROLLING SALT AND SULFUR LEVELS AT THE BORDER OF BALURAN NATIONAL PARK, SITUBONDO REGENCY, EAST JAVA

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no2.029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jati Batoro ◽

Wiyono Batoro

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

National Park ◽

Salt Content ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Biodiversity Survey ◽

Living Things ◽

Local Plant ◽

Water Ph ◽

Well Depth ◽

Water Ecosystems

The diversity of plant species functions as a shelterbelt, to prevent saltwater intrusion and avoid sulfur from the crater of Mount Ijen through the Banyuputih River in Situbondo Regency. The Situbondo-Banyuwangi area is strategic (Pantura), passing through the Baluran National Park, so it is essential to maintain biodiversity and water ecosystems. Mangroves, beach vegetation, cultivated plants, and forest vegetation are indicators of environmental protection and conservation. This study aims to reveal the diversity of flora species on the border of Baluran National Park, Banyuputih sub-district, Situbondo Regency, which is allegedly contaminated with salt material from the sea and sulfur from the crater of Mount Ijen. An interview was conducted to determine the function of flora, location elevation, water pH, and well depth. The results of the biodiversity survey were then collected and diagnosed, and the scientific name was then determined. Potential species diversity at the border from an altitude of 5 m above sea level (asl) – 62 m asl included 17 families and 29 species. The data on biodiversity, location elevation, water well depth, and pH indicate low sulfur and salt content; therefore, water resources can be used sustainably by the living things surround them.

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Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elahe Tajbakhsh ◽

Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti ◽

Parya Kheyri ◽

Saeed Nezaratizade ◽

David S. Lindsay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Species ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Research Articles ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Maytenus Senegalensis

Abstract Background Malaria still constitutes a major public health menace, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Close to half a million people mainly children in Africa, die every year from the disease. With the rising resistance to frontline drugs (artemisinin-based combinations), there is a need to accelerate the discovery and development of newer anti-malarial drugs. A systematic review was conducted to identify the African medicinal plants with significant antiplasmodial and/or anti-malarial activity, toxicity, as wells as assessing the variation in their activity between study designs (in vitro and in vivo). Methods Key health-related databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Science Direct were searched for relevant literature on the antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activities of African medicinal plants. Results In total, 200 research articles were identified, a majority of which were studies conducted in Nigeria. The selected research articles constituted 722 independent experiments evaluating 502 plant species. Of the 722 studies, 81.9%, 12.4%, and 5.5% were in vitro, in vivo, and combined in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The most frequently investigated plant species were Azadirachta indica, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Picrilima nitida, and Nauclea latifolia meanwhile Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, and Lamiaceae were the most frequently investigated plant families. Overall, 248 (34.3%), 241 (33.4%), and 233 (32.3%) of the studies reported very good, good, and moderate activity, respectively. Alchornea cordifolia, Flueggea virosa, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, and Maytenus senegalensis gave consistently very good activity across the different studies. In all, only 31 (4.3%) of studies involved pure compounds and these had significantly (p = 0.044) higher antiplasmodial activity relative to crude extracts. Out of the 198 plant species tested for toxicity, 52 (26.3%) demonstrated some degree of toxicity, with toxicity most frequently reported with Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina. These species were equally the most frequently inactive plants reported. The leaves were the most frequently reported toxic part of plants used. Furthermore, toxicity was observed to decrease with increasing antiplasmodial activity. Conclusions Although there are many indigenous plants with considerable antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activity, the progress in the development of new anti-malarial drugs from African medicinal plants is still slothful, with only one clinical trial with Cochlospermum planchonii (Bixaceae) conducted to date. There is, therefore, the need to scale up anti-malarial drug discovery in the African region.

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Phytoseiid mites from Basilicata region (Southern Italy): species diversity, redescription of Typhloseiulus arzakanicus Arutunjan and a dichotomic key of the genus Typhloseiulus Chant and McMurtry 1994 (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae)

Acarologia ◽

10.24349/acarologia/20174195 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 805-821

Author(s):

Haralabos Tsolakis ◽

Ernesto Ragusa

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Plant Species ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Common Species ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Phytoseiid Mites ◽

Kampimodromus Aberrans ◽

Euseius Finlandicus ◽

Basilicata Region ◽

First Time

A survey of phytoseiid mites was carried out in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy) between 1976 and 2014 on wild and cultivated plants. A total of 38 species belonging to eleven genera and two subgenera were found on 59 plant species. The most common species was Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) (39%) followed by Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) exhilaratus Ragusa (32.2%), Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) (27.1%), Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) cryptus (Athias-Henriot) (23.7%). Typhloseiulus arzakanicus (Arutunjan), found for first time in Italy, is redescribed here, while the male of this species is described for the first time. A dichotomic key of the species belonging to the genus Typhloseiulus is also given.

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Analysis of solid waste landfills vegetation cover of Kharkiv region

Studia Biologica ◽

10.30970/sbi.1404.640 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 23-34

Author(s):

Ya. Yu. Dementieieva ◽

◽

S. V. Aseeva ◽

L. Yu. Andrusenko ◽

A. B. Chaplygina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Plant Species ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Life Forms ◽

Plant Species Diversity ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Solid Waste Landfills ◽

Degree Of Similarity

Background. Determination of plant species diversity in the areas of solid waste landfills (hereinafter “landfills”) was carried out in order to identify patterns of vegetation cover and give an ecological assessment of the technocenosis. Plant species diversity was definedon the territories of Derhachiv and Rohan landfills in the city of Kharkiv. Materials and Methods. The method of linear routes and trial areas was used to determine the number of species. The degree of coverage was measured by the Drude method. The degree of similarity was determined by calculating the Jacquard coefficient. Plants were systematized by species, life forms, life expectancy, types of cenomorphs. Results and Discussion. 117 species have been recorded at Kharkiv landfills in total. At Rohan landfill and in the adjacent territories the vegetation cover is represented by 92 species, at Derhachiv landfill – by 93 species. Because of the uneven distribution of vegetation in the territories, areas of landfills were identified according to the specifics of vegetation cover (4 for Derhachiv and 3 for Rohan landfills). The most pronounced species diversity of plants at Derhachiv landfill is in the zone of natural landscape (44.0 %), at Rohan landfill – in the zone of ruderal landscape (38.4 %). The obtained data were classified by plant species composition and the conditions of their existence. Herbaceous plants of Derhachiv and Rohan llandfills are dominant in terms of life forms – 83.8% and 85.8%, respectively. Perennial plants predominate in terms of life expectancy – 53.8 % and 52.2 %, respectively. By their practical use, landfill plants include medicinal (18.6 %), food (11.1 %), and honey (10.8 %) ones; phytomeliorant plants constitute the smallest part – 2.2 %. The Drude method was used to determine the degree of coverage. The dominant families at both landfills are Asteraceae (24.6 %) and Poaceae (13 %). Jacquard similarity coefficients ranged from 0.18 in the least similar zones to 0.75 in similar zones. Cj calculated for two landfills equals 0.11. The plants were systematized by cenomorphic affiliation. The leading type of cenomorph for the flora of landfills is ruderal species (Ru); a significant share is occupied by forest plants (Sil), meadow (Pr) and steppe (St) plant species. Conclusions. Solid waste landfill sites are characterized by a high degree of transformation, which is clearly manifested in the vegetation formation patterns. The significant difference between the vegetation cover of landfill areas (Сj = 0.11) indicates a low degree of similarity of species diversity due to the specifics of technogenesis of the studied ecosystems, historical landscape and preconditions for the formation of vegetation. Natural grass cover on the landfills is replaced by ruderal and shrub cover, which indicates harsh living conditions for cultivated plants and succession processes. There are three main patterns of the formarion of vegetation cover in the landfills: as a result of severe disturbances, indigenous plants are replaced by ruderants in the process of succession, while uncharacteristic species are introduced by biotic and abiotic factors. Keywords: vegetation cover, Derhachiv landfill, Rohan landfill, transformed landscapes, cenomorphic affiliation

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Parasitoids of the genus Pholetesor Mason, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from the leafminers Lepidoptera, with the description of three new species from India

European Journal of Taxonomy ◽

10.5852/ejt.2020.726.1171 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 726 ◽

Author(s):

Zubair Ahmad ◽

Hamed A. Ghramh ◽

Kavita Pandey

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Host Plant ◽

Plant Species ◽

Indian Species ◽

Parasitoid Species ◽

Host Plant Species ◽

Three New Species

Pholetesor acrocercophagus sp. nov., P. camerariae sp. nov. and P. indicus sp. nov.(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) are described as new to science. These three species were reared from Acrocercops sp., Acrocercops phaeospora Meyrick, 1916 and Cameraria virgulata Meyrick, 1914 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), respectively. Characteristics of these new species and their affinities with related taxa are discussed. Data on habitat, host records and host plant species for all the parasitoid species is provided. A key to the Indian species of the genus Pholetesor Mason, 1981 reared from lepidopteran leafminers is also given.

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Antagonistic Interactions Between Fusaria Species and Their Host Plants Are Influenced by Host Taxonomic Distance: A Case Study From Mexico

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.615857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Julieta Benítez-Malvido ◽

Gerardo Rodríguez-Alvarado ◽

Mariana Álvarez-Añorve ◽

Luis D. Ávila-Cabadilla ◽

Ek del-Val ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Spatial Ecology ◽

Host Plants ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Trophic Relationships ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Antagonistic Interactions

Interactions between cultivated and wild plants with their fungal pathogens have strong ecological, evolutionary and economic implications. Antagonistic interactions, however, have been scantily studied in an applied context by using ecological networks, phylogeny and spatial ecology concurrently. In this study, we describe for the first time, the topological structure of plant-fungi networks involving species of the genus Fusarium and their native and introduced (exotic) cultivated host plants in Mexico. For this, we based our study on a recent database describing the attack on 75 native and introduced plant species, including 35 species of the genus Fusarium. Host plant species varied in their degree of phylogenetical relatedness (Monocots and Dicots) and spatial geographical distribution. Therefore, we also tested whether or not plant-Fusarium networks are phylogenetically structured and highlighted the spatial correlation between pathogens and their host plants across the country. In general, the pathogen-plant network is more specialized and compartmentalized in closely related taxa. Closely related hosts are more likely to share the same pathogenic Fusarium species. Host plants are present in different ecosystems and climates, with regions having more cultivated plant species presenting the highest number of fusaria pathogens. From an economic standpoint, different species of the same taxonomic family may be more susceptible to being attacked by the same species of Fusarium, whereas from an ecological standpoint the movement of pathogens may expose wild and cultivated plants to new diseases. Our study highlights the relevance of interaction intimacy in structuring trophic relationships between plants and fusaria species in native and introduced species. Furthermore, we show that the analytical tools regarding host distribution and phylogeny could permit a rapid assessment of which plant species in a region are most likely to be attacked by a given fusaria.

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Role and patterns of butterflies and hawkmoths in plant-pollinator networks at different elevations and seasons in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon

10.1101/2021.02.16.431477 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jan E.J. Mertens ◽

Lucas Brisson ◽

Štěpán Janeček ◽

Yannick Klomberg ◽

Vincent Maicher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Elevational Gradient ◽

Floral Colour ◽

Tropical Rainforests ◽

List Type ◽

Pollination Syndromes ◽

Nectar Production ◽

Flower Visitors ◽

Mount Cameroon ◽

Plant Pollinator

AbstractButterflies and moths are well-visible flower visitors. Nevertheless, almost no quantification of their role in plant-pollinator interactions exists at a community level, especially from tropical rainforests. Moreover, we have virtually no knowledge on environmental and other factors affecting lepidopteran flower visits.We focused on the role of butterflies and hawkmoths as flower visitors in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon, especially on its elevational and seasonal changes. We also analysed their preferences to selected floral traits, with a specific focus on pollination syndromes.We video-recorded flower visitors of 1,115 specimens of 212 plant species (>26,000 recording hrs) along the complete elevational gradient of rainforests in two main seasons, and compared frequencies of flower-visiting lepidopterans to other visitors. We compared characteristics of plant-lepidopteran networks among elevations and seasons, and analysed patterns of selected lepidopteran traits. Finally, we analysed inter-family differences in their floral preferences.Altogether, we recorded 734 flower visits by 80 butterflies and 27 hawkmoth species, representing only ~4% of all 18,439 flower visits. Although lepidopterans visited only a third species, they appeared key visitors of several plants. The most flower visits by lepidopterans were recorded in mid-elevations and dry season, mirroring the general patterns of lepidopteran diversity. The networks showed no apparent elevational or seasonal patterns, probably because of the surprisingly high specialisation of interactions in all networks. Significant non-linear changes of proboscis and forewing lengths were found along elevation, and long-proboscid hesperiid butterflies visited flowers with longer tubes or spurs. Substantial differences in floral preferences were found between sphingids, and papilionid, nymphalid and lycaenid butterflies, revealing importance of nectar production, floral size and shape for sphingids, and floral colour for butterflies.Butterflies and hawkmoths were confirmed as relatively minor visitors of tropical forest flowers, although they seemed crucial for pollination of some plant species. Moreover, the revealed floral preferences and trait-matchings confirmed a potential of some lepidopteran families to drive floral evolution in tropical ecosystems.

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Melliferous Potential of Weedy Herbaceous Plants in Crop Fields of Romania from 1949 to 2012

Journal of Apicultural Science ◽

10.2478/jas-2018-0017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 149-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicoleta Ion ◽

Jean-François Odoux ◽

Bernard E. Vaissière

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Nectar Production ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Bee Colony ◽

Intensive Farming ◽

Flowering Season ◽

Companion Plants ◽

Colony Survival

Abstract Intensive farming systems have led to reduced food availability for honey bees which could be related to their current decline. A global tool is needed in order to assess the melliferous potential of plant species that could be developed as crops or companion plants in such systems. This review is based upon a survey from an extensive dataset collected in Romania over the last sixty years to record the nectar production of 153 weedy species. While there was considerable variation among these plants, we found that the melliferous potential of such large families as the Brassicaceae was low, that of the Apiaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae at an intermediate level, and that of the Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae the highest. High nectariferous potential was found to be an important feature of perennial ruderal species. Within the main flowering season, perennials provided much more nectar than annuals. These results could help to develop new agricultural practices more compatible with honey bee colony survival and honey production, as some of these plant species could provide a solution to enable agriculture and beekeeping to coexist in a sustainable way.

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