Differential Enthalpy, Factor of Cardiac Power and Precursor of Work Power from the Nodal Tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
A Kunyima ◽  
S Lusamba ◽  
M Kunyima ◽  
C Kabele
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Power ◽  
Differential Enthalpy ◽  
Nodal Tissue

scholarly journals Differential Pressure, P_D, Capital Parameter in the Determination of Cardiac Health and Prominent Kinetic Indicator of Drugs in the Blood

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
A. B. Kunyima ◽  
P. L. Kunyima
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Cardiac Health ◽  
Cardiac Power ◽  
Differential Enthalpy ◽  
Heart Blood

Background: this work is a suite of previous articles where it has been demonstrated that if the differential pressure remains constant, it allows when it is multiplied by cardiac frequency to determine the volumic cardiac power (KUNYIMA equation). Also it has afforded to calculate differential enthalpy (  that is exothermic energy in ejection fraction. In KUNYIMA Formula the differential pressure has allowed to assess in satisfactory way one part of total energy from cellular metabolism (Keith-Flack node) which enable the heart blood to circulate in the organism. In KUNYIMA relations,  made possible the calculation of cardiac exergetic yield nowadays unrecognized by researchers, different from volumic yield defined by ejection fraction. This cardiac exergetic yield has been assimilated to the heart longevity. Aim and objective: this work gives in detail mathematical useful expressions, rational approaches to be followed when differential pressure substantially changes, for example when the blood contains an injected drug at  initial concentration and when the kinetic of this drug should be followed. Methodology: Calculations have been our methodology using compartmental analysis. Results: It is shown hereby the use of differential equations in the determination of kinetic parameters Conclusion: Physical Cardiochemistry is improved with new theory.

Prognostic value of peak stress cardiac power in patients with normal ejection fraction undergoing exercise stress echocardiography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhu Anand ◽  
Garvan C Kane ◽  
Christopher G Scott ◽  
Sorin V Pislaru ◽  
Rosalyn O Adigun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stress Echocardiography ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Cardiac Power ◽  
Exercise Stress Echocardiography ◽  
Lv Mass

Abstract Aims  Cardiac power is a measure of cardiac performance that incorporates both pressure and flow components. Prior studies have shown that cardiac power predicts outcomes in patients with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). We sought to evaluate the prognostic significance of peak exercise cardiac power and power reserve in patients with normal EF. Methods and results  We performed a retrospective analysis in 24 885 patients (age 59 ± 13 years, 45% females) with EF ≥50% and no significant valve disease or right ventricular dysfunction, undergoing exercise stress echocardiography between 2004 and 2018. Cardiac power and power reserve (developed power with stress) were normalized to LV mass and expressed in W/100 g of LV myocardium. Endpoints at follow-up were all-cause mortality and diagnosis of heart failure (HF). Patients in the higher quartiles of power/mass (rest, peak stress, and power reserve) were younger and had higher peak blood pressure and heart rate, lower LV mass, and lower prevalence of comorbidities. During follow-up [median 3.9 (0.6–8.3) years], 929 patients died. After adjusting for age, sex, metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved, ischaemia/infarction on stress test results, medication, and comorbidities, peak stress power/mass was independently associated with mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), highest vs. lowest quartile, 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4–0.6, P < 0.001] and HF at follow-up [adjusted HR, highest vs. lowest quartile, 0.4, 95% CI (0.3, 0.5), P < 0.001]. Power reserve showed similar results. Conclusion  The assessment of cardiac power during exercise stress echocardiography in patients with normal EF provides valuable prognostic information, in addition to stress test findings on inducible myocardial ischaemia and exercise capacity.

scholarly journals Calculating the optimal hematocrit under the constraint of constant cardiac power

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Sitina ◽  
Heiko Stark ◽  
Stefan Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Cardiac Power ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractIn humans and higher animals, a trade-off between sufficiently high erythrocyte concentrations to bind oxygen and sufficiently low blood viscosity to allow rapid blood flow has been achieved during evolution. Optimal hematocrit theory has been successful in predicting hematocrit (HCT) values of about 0.3–0.5, in very good agreement with the normal values observed for humans and many animal species. However, according to those calculations, the optimal value should be independent of the mechanical load of the body. This is in contradiction to the exertional increase in HCT observed in some animals called natural blood dopers and to the illegal practice of blood boosting in high-performance sports. Here, we present a novel calculation to predict the optimal HCT value under the constraint of constant cardiac power and compare it to the optimal value obtained for constant driving pressure. We show that the optimal HCT under constant power ranges from 0.5 to 0.7, in agreement with observed values in natural blood dopers at exertion. We use this result to explain the tendency to better exertional performance at an increased HCT.

scholarly journals Correlation between Myocardial Function and Electric Current Pulsatility of the Sputnik Left Ventricular Assist Device: In-Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Telyshev ◽  
Alexander A. Pugovkin ◽  
Ivan A. Ephimov ◽  
Aleksandr Markov ◽  
Steffen Leonhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist Device ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Cardiac Power ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist

This study assesses the electric current parameters and reports on the analysis of the associated degree of myocardial function during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. An assumption is made that there is a correlation between cardiac output and the pulsatility index of the pump electric current. The experimental study is carried out using the ViVitro Pulse Duplicator System with Sputnik LVAD connected. Cardiac output and cardiac power output are used as a measure of myocardial function. Different heart rates (59, 73, 86 bpm) and pump speeds (7600–8400 rpm in 200 rpm steps) are investigated. In our methodology, ventricular stroke volumes in the range of 30–80 mL for each heart rate at a certain pump speed were used to simulate different levels of contractility. The correlation of the two measures of myocardial function and proposed pulsatility index was confirmed using different correlation coefficients (values ≥ 0.91). Linear and quadratic models for cardiac output and cardiac power output versus pulsatility index were obtained using regression analysis of measured data. Coefficients of determination for CO and CPO models were in the ranges of 0.914–0.982 and 0.817–0.993, respectively. Study findings suggest that appropriate interpretation of parameters could potentially serve as a valuable clinical tool to assess myocardial therapy using LVAD infrastructure.

Exercise cardiac power and the risk of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular mortality in men

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kurl ◽  
Timo Mäkikallio ◽  
Sae Young Jae ◽  
Kimmo Ronkainen ◽  
Jari A. Laukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cardiac Power

On the question of pathological and anatomical changes in the automatic nerve nodes of the heart in humans

1903 ◽  
Vol 3 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 608-622
Author(s):  
F. Charushina
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Nodal Tissue

Case 19. Progressive paralysis. The nodes lie in a well-developed tissue in the form of ovals or stars. The inter-nodal tissue is poorly developed. The vessels are hyperemic. Cells 0.022 in size and irregularly oval. The protoplasm is granular, with a pinkish-yellow ottnkom; there are cells in the form of stone-like irregular granular masses. The nuclei are not in all cells are dull, some with a light rim.

Abstract 15293: Noninvasive Echocardiographic Cardiac Power Output Predicts Mortality in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Burstein ◽  
Vidhu Anand ◽  
Bradley Ternus ◽  
Meir Tabi ◽  
Nandan S Anavekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cardiac Power ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care

Introduction: A low cardiac power output (CPO), measured invasively, identifies critically ill patients at increased risk of mortality. CPO can also be measured non-invasively with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), although prognostic data in critically ill patients is not available. Hypothesis: Reduced CPO measured by TTE is associated with increased hospital mortality in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients. Methods: Using a database of CICU patients admitted between 2007 and 2018, we identified patients with TTE within one day (before or after) of CICU admission who had data necessary for calculation of CPO. Multivariable logistic regression determined the relationship between CPO and adjusted hospital mortality. Results: We included 5,585 patients with a mean age of 68.3±14.8 years, including 36.7% females. Admission diagnoses included acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 57%, heart failure (HF) in 50%, cardiac arrest (CA) in 12%, and cardiogenic shock (CS) in 13%. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 47±16%, and the mean CPO was 1.0±0.4 W. CPO was inversely associated with the risk of hospital mortality (Figure A), including among patients with ACS, HF, and CS (Figure B). On multivariable analysis, lower CPO was associated with higher hospital mortality (OR 0.96 per 0.1 W, 95% CI 0.0.93-0.99, p=0.03). Hospital mortality was highest in patients with low CPO coupled with reduced LVEF, increased vasopressor requirements, or higher admission lactate. Hospital mortality was higher among patients with a CPO <0.6 W (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13-2.19, p = 0.007), particularly in the presence of admission lactate level >4 mmol/L (50.9%). Conclusions: Echocardiographic CPO was inversely associated with hospital mortality in CICU patients, particularly among patients with increased lactate and vasopressor requirements. Routine measurement of CPO provides important information beyond LVEF and should be considered in CICU patients.

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