Studying Yield and Water Productivity of Maize at Enhanced Level of Temperature Using DSSAT 4.7.5

Climate variability has been and continues to be, the principal source of fluctuations in global food production in countries of the developing world and is of serious concern. Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is unquestionably are highly dependent on weather conditions, any weather aberrations cause atmospheric and other forms of stress and in turn, will increase the vulnerability of these farmers to economic losses. Process-based models use simplified functions to express the interactions between crop growth and the major environmental factors that affect crops (i.e., climate, soils, and management), and many have been used in climate impact assessments. The climatic scenario from A1B scenario 2011-2090 extracted from PRECIS run shows that overall maximum and minimum temperature increase by 5.39°C (±1.76) and 5.08°C (±1.37). A decrease of about 20 quintals was recorded when maximum temperature was enhanced by +4°C and about 10 quintals decreased at +2°C. Enhancement of minimum temperature by +3°C shows a decrease of about 16 quintals in tops weight. Combination of both minimum and maximum temperature remarkably decreased grain yield at (maximum & minimum +2°C) up to 25.41%. Max. temperature lead to staggering in the irrigation water productivity, however, a consistant increase in the irrigation water productivity was realised with an increase in minimum temperature. Dry matter productivity of 50 kg DM /ha/mm [ET] was observed with the increase of 1°C in both Max. and Min. temperatures and the lowest value of (16.7 kg DM /ha/mm[ET]) was recorded when the crop is supposed to grow at enhanced level maximum temperature by +4°C both maximum and minimum temperature. Increase in the both max and minimum temperature by +1°C lead to maximum irrigation water productivity of 22.4 (kg[yield]/ha/mm[irrig]) and the lowest irrigation water productivity of 16.7 (kg[yield]/ha/mm[irrig]) was registerd when both max. as well as min. temp. was raised by +4°C minimum temperature.

Download Full-text

Irrigation water productivity of winter-growing annuals is higher than perennial forages in northern Victoria

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp08243 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 407 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

A. R. Lawson ◽

K. L. Greenwood ◽

K. B. Kelly

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Water Availability ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Dairy Industry ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Forage Production ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Few Data ◽

Irrigation Water Productivity

The dairy industry in Victoria, Australia, uses more than half the state’s irrigation water, mainly for growing pasture. Information on the comparative water use of forage systems would be useful for dairy farmers aiming to optimise their forage production under conditions of limited water availability. However, there are few data comparing water use under similar management and weather conditions. This paper reports on an experiment which measured and compared the production, water use, and water productivity (forage removed per unit water input) of a range of 6 border-check irrigated forage systems (3 perennial, 2 annual, and a double-cropped) and 1 spray irrigated, annual forage system, used by the dairy industry in northern Victoria. Forage removal was highest from the perennial pastures, lucerne, double-cropped and Persian clover systems in both 2005 and 2006. Irrigation water inputs in 2005 were comparable with average values reported in the literature and were closely related to the length of the growing season, with around 800–850 mm used for the perennial pastures and 340–440 mm used for the border-check irrigated annual pastures. Irrigation water inputs in 2006 were substantially higher than in 2005, reflecting the drought conditions that prevailed throughout most of Victoria, with 1100–1200 mm used for the perennial species and 450–700 mm used by the border-check irrigated annual pastures. These irrigation water requirements highlight considerable year-to-year variation as low-rainfall years are usually high-evaporation years. Irrigation water productivity (WP) was greater for the annual than for the perennial systems. In 2005, irrigation WP was 30–37 kg DM/ha.mm for the annual pastures compared with 21–27 kg DM/ha.mm for the perennial and double-cropped systems. In the drier year of 2006, irrigation WP was higher for the short-season annuals than for the other forage systems. When rainfall, runoff, and changes in soil water content were included in the calculation of total WP, there were no consistent differences in the total WP of the annual and perennial systems in either year. These findings show that under conditions of limited irrigation water availability, farmers will be able to grow more forage using winter-growing annual systems than perennial systems. However, other factors such as nutritive characteristics, cost of production, and cost of transferring feed also need to be considered when deciding which forages to grow.

Download Full-text

Simulating the Impact of Climate Change on Growth and Yield of Maize Using CERES-Maize Model under Temperate Kashmir

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v35i130166 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bilal Ahmad Lone ◽

Shivam Tripathi ◽

Asma Fayaz ◽

Purshotam Singh ◽

Sameera Qayoom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Minimum Temperature ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Climate Impact ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Weather Data ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

The Impact ◽

Global Food ◽

Process Based Models

Climate variability has been and continues to be, the principal source of fluctuations in global food production in countries of the developing world and is of serious concern. Process-based models use simplified functions to express the interactions between crop growth and the major environmental factors that affect crops (i.e., climate, soils and management), and many have been used in climate impact assessments. Average of 10 years weather data from 1985 to 2010, maximum temperature shows an increasing trend ranges from 18.5 to 20.5°C.This means there is an increase of 2°C within a span of 25 years. Decreasing trend was observed with respect to precipitation was observed with the same data. The magnitude of decrease was from 925 mm to 650 mm of rainfall which is almost decrease of 275 mm of rainfall in 25 years. Future climate for 2011-2090 from A1B scenario extracted from PRECIS run shows that overall maximum and minimum temperature increase by 5.39°C (±1.76) and 5.08°C (±1.37) also precipitation will decrease by 3094.72 mm to 2578.53 (±422.12) The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of climate variability and change on maize growth and yield of Srinagar Kashmir. Two enhanced levels of temperature (maximum and minimum by 2 and 4°C) and CO2 enhanced by 100 ppm & 200 ppm were used in this study with total combinations of 9 with one normal condition. Elevation of maximum and minimum temperature by 4°C anthesis and maturity of maize was earlier 14 days with a deviation of 18% and 26 days with a deviation of 20% respectively. Increase in temperature by 2 to 4°C alone or in combination with enhanced levels of CO2 by 100 and 200 ppm the growth and yield of maize was drastically declined with an reduction of about 40% in grain yield. Alone enhancement of CO2 at both the levels fails show any significant impact on maize yield.

Download Full-text

Crop yield and irrigation water productivity of silage maize under two water stress strategies in semi-arid environment: Two different pot and field experiments

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 255 ◽

pp. 106999

Author(s):

Mahdi Gheysari ◽

Fatemeh Pirnajmedin ◽

Hamid Movahedrad ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽

Mohammad Javad Zareian

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Arid Environment ◽

Silage Maize ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Irrigation Water Productivity

Download Full-text

Development and Evaluation of a Variable-Rate Irrigation Management Method in the Mississippi Delta

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.14019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 287-298

Author(s):

Ruixiu Sui ◽

Jonnie Baggard

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Use ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Mississippi Delta ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Variable Rate ◽

Irrigation Water Use ◽

Irrigation Water Productivity ◽

Variable Rate Irrigation

HighlightsWe developed and evaluated a variable-rate irrigation (VRI) management method for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta.VRI management significantly reduced irrigation water use in comparison with uniform-rate irrigation (URI). There was no significant difference in grain yield and irrigation water productivity between VRI and URI management.Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was used to delineate irrigation management zones and generate VRI prescriptions.Sensor-measured soil water content was used in irrigation scheduling.Abstract. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) allows producers to site-specifically apply irrigation water at variable rates within a field to account for the temporal and spatial variability in soil and plant characteristics. Developing practical VRI methods and documenting the benefits of VRI application are critical to accelerate the adoption of VRI technologies. Using apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and soil moisture sensors, a VRI method was developed and evaluated with corn and soybean for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta. Soil ECa of the study fields was mapped and used to delineate VRI management zones and create VRI prescriptions. Irrigation was scheduled using soil volumetric water content measured by soil moisture sensors. A center pivot VRI system was employed to deliver irrigation water according to the VRI prescription. Grain yield, irrigation water use, and irrigation water productivity in the VRI treatment were determined and compared with that in a uniform-rate irrigation (URI) treatment. Results showed that the grain yield and irrigation water productivity between the VRI and URI treatments were not statistically different with both corn and soybean crops. The VRI management significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water by 22% in corn and by 11% in soybean (p = 0.05). Adoption of VRI management could improve irrigation water use efficiency in the Mississippi Delta. Keywords: Soil electrical conductivity, Soil moisture sensor, Variable rate irrigation, Water management.

Download Full-text