scholarly journals Study on the Action of Herbicide Combinations with Varying Irrigation Regimes for Control of Grassy Weeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
Kairovin Lakra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Hand Weeding

Phalaris minor and Cynodon dactylon is the very problematic grassy weeds of wheat crop are responsible for significant yield reduction. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted at CSAUAT, Kanpur during Rabi season 2017-18 and 2018-19 in split-plot design with four replication having four irrigation regimes in main plot viz. irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage (I1), irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2), CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and  irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I4), and eight factors of weed management (W1-weedy check, W2-two hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS), W3-sulfosulfuron 25 gha-1at 35 DAS, W4- pendimethalin (pre-em) fb WCPL-15, 400 gha-1at 35 DAS, W5- broadway (carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG) 100 gha-1at 35 DAS, W6- halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5%, 75 gha-1at 35 DAS, W7- halauxafen - methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr at 35 DAS and W8- clodinafop- propargyl 15% + metsulfuron 1%, 400 gha-135 DAS) were allocated to sub plots for assessing the effect of these treatments on grassy weeds. Irrigations at crown root initiation (CRI) and active tillering stage (I1) significantly reduce the density and weight of grassy weeds with highest WCE and crop resistance index (CRI) over other irrigation regimes. However, I4 irrigation recorded highest weed effectiveness (WE) and crop dry matter yield (CDMY) followed by I3. All the weed management options are significantly superior over weedy check. Among herbicidal treatments, lowest weed density and their weight, WE and the highest WCE, CRI, WPI and CDMY was recorded with the application of broadway (W5) followed by W8. Reducing irrigation frequency and the post emergence application of broadway are the best option for managing grassy weeds in wheat, but for higher CDMY more number of irrigations required.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Variables and Yield of Wheat Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Mostafa ◽  
Syed Arvin Hassan ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haq ◽  
Md. Ahasan Habib ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted in medium fertile soil at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November 2017 to April 2018 in Rabi season with a view to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under different weed control methods. The experiment was carried out with three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 in the main plot and five weed management methods viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS pre-emergence, Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon) 1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS as post-emergence herbicide and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon)1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS in the sub plot in split plot design. Nine different major weed species were found in the field such as Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa. Results reveled that BARI Gom-30 contributed the highest grain yield 3.01 tha-1. Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC controlled weeds significantly which showed highest growth followed by yield achieved in wheat. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC produced the highest grain yield 3.52 tha-1 while the lowest grain yield 2.09 t ha-1 was obtained from BARI Gom-28 with no weeding treatment. Results reveled that Panida 33EC (pre-emergence) was found more effective to controlling weeds in wheat. Results of the study finally reveled that Panida 33EC might be considered as a feasible option for combating weed and ensuring higher yield in wheat cultivation.

Managing Weeds in Commercial Edamame Production: Current Options and Implications

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Weed Suppressive Ability ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Density And Biomass

Edamame, a specialty food-grade soybean popular among health-conscious consumers, is growing in popularity worldwide. Despite a well-developed soybean industry, most edamame consumed in the United States is imported from Asia. Considerable interest exists in growing edamame domestically; however, weed interference is a major problem, and until recently, only a single herbicide was registered for use on the crop. The objectives of this work were (1) to compare effectiveness of weed management treatments that utilize herbicides currently registered for use on edamame or that may be registered in the near future, (2) to determine the significance of edamame cultivar on performance of these treatments, and (3) to identify potential relationships between the crop and weed. Ten different weed management treatments were tested in three edamame cultivars over a 3-yr period. All weed management treatments increased marketable pod yield relative to the nontreated control, but only treatments with saflufenacil orS-metolachlor combinations were comparable to the hand-weeded weed-free treatment. Of the treatments studied,S-metolachlor followed by imazamox was among the greatest yielding, had the least weed density and biomass, and did not reduce crop population density. Also, cultivars differed in their weed-suppressive ability. Path analysis indicated certain relationships were consistent across cultivars, such as weed population density having a direct negative association with crop biomass; however, other edamame–weed interactions were not identical across cultivars. Although more improvements are needed, the vegetable industry is beginning to have nascent weed management options in edamame, which will likely reduce reliance on hand weeding and result in crop-production costs that are more competitive in the global market.

Wheat residue management options for no-till corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Opoku ◽  
T. J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
No Till

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield reduction following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in no-till systems prompted a study on the effects of tillage and residue management systems on corn growth and seedbed conditions. Four methods for managing wheat residue (all residue removed, straw baled after harvest, straw left on the soil surface, straw left on the soil surface plus application of 50 kg ha−1N in the fall) were evaluated at two tillage levels: fall moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT). No-till treatments required at least 2 more days to achieve 50% corn emergence and 50% silking, and had the lowest corn biomass at 5 and 7 wk after planting. Grain yield was similar among MP treatments and averaged 1.1 t ha−1 higher than NT treatments (P < 0.05). Completely removing all wheat residue from NT plots reduced the number of days required to achieve 50% corn emergence and increased grain yields by 0.43 and 0.61 t ha–1 over baling and not baling straw, respectively, but still resulted in 8% lower grain yields than MP treatments. Grain yield differences among MP treatments were insignificant regardless of the amount of wheat residue left on the surface or N application in the fall. Early in the growing season, the NT treatments where residue was not removed had lower soil growing degree days (soil GDD) compared with MP (baled) treatment, and higher soil moisture levels in the top 15 cm compared with all other treatments. The application of 50 kg N ha−1 in the fall to NT (not baled) plots influenced neither the amount of wheat residue on the soil surface, nor the soil NO3-N levels at planting. Our results suggest that corn response in NT systems after wheat mostly depends on residue level. Key words: Winter wheat, straw management, no-till, corn, soil temperature, soil moisture

scholarly journals Weed Management in Wheat by Cuscuta Alone and in Combination with Commercial Weedicides Allymax and Axial

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. ABDULLAH ◽  
M.S. BALOCH ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
M.M. HASHIM ◽  
M.A. NADIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Hand Weeding

ABSTRACT: The present study was to assess the additive effects of cuscuta (akasbel) aqueous extract alone and in combination with full and reduced doses of commercially available weedicides against weeds in wheat crop during the year 2016-2017. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The results showed that hand weeding and use of weedicides Allymax and Axial (full and half recommended doses) significantly controlled all prevailing weeds and increased yield and yield contributing parameters over the weedy check/control and sole application of cuscuta aqueous extract. Hand weeding and Allymax (full dose) showed minimum weed population, relative density, fresh and dry weed biomass and higher leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), plant height, 1000 grain weight and grain yield while net assimilation rate (NAR), chlorophyll content, number of tillers, spike length, grains spike-1 and biological yield were maximum only in hand weeding. These findings suggest that in order to attain highest wheat yield, the field should be kept free from weeds by hand weeding (if labour is not a limiting factor) or use recommended dose of weedicide Allymax for efficient weed management in wheat.

scholarly journals Natural Mulches Are Not Very Effective for Weed Control in Onions

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Boyhan ◽  
Ray Hicks ◽  
C. Randell Hill
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Compost Treatment

This study was undertaken to evaluate natural mulches for weed control in organic onion (Allium cepa) production where current practices rely on hand-weeding or plastic mulch. Three experiments were conducted over 2 years, with two experiments conducted on-farm in different years and one experiment conducted on-station. Treatments consisted of hand-weeding or mulches of wheat (Triticum aestivum) or oat (Avena sativa) straw, bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon), compost, and needles of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and longleaf pine (P. palustris). All of the mulches with the exception of compost tended to lodge in the onion tops due to their close spacing. Wheat straw and bermudagrass hay reduced plant stand and yield. Compost settled well around the onion plants and initially smothered weeds, but over time the compost treatment became very weedy. Pine needle mulch (referred to as pine straw in the southeastern U.S.) showed the most promise with less stand loss or yield reduction, but did tend to lodge in the tops. None of these mulches were acceptable compared to hand-weeding.

scholarly journals Bioefficacy, Phytotoxicity and Economics of Post-emergence Herbicides in Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifolia) in Hot Arid Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Jat ◽  
D.V. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Clodinafop Propargyl

Background: Weed infestation is the major cause of yield loss to Kharif pulses in arid regions. Post-emergence herbicide application is a promising weed management option for pulses in these areas. Therefore, the current study was aimed to find an effective and economic post-emergence herbicide molecule for weed control in moth bean. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during 2017-2019 with different herbicides, hand weeding, weed-free and unweededs in Kharif mung bean in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Result: Among the herbicide treatments, post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 being statistically at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i. ha-1 and hand weeding recorded the highest reduction in total weed dry matter (73.9%), highest weed control efficiency (73.8%) and lowest weed persistence index (1.03) compared to the unweeded. The reduction in seed yield in unweeded compared to weed-free and hand weeding was 50.8% and 42.1%, respectively. As the imazethapyr-containing herbicides caused crop phytotoxicity, significantly higher crop dry weight (513 g m-2), seed yield (5.53 q ha-1), stover yield (18.0 q ha-1), gross returns and net benefits of moth bean were recorded with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen (312.5 g a.i. ha-1) over other herbicide treatments. Clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen (@312.5 g a.i. ha-1) registered the minimum value of weed index (20) and highest values of herbicide efficiency index (3.9) and crop resistance index (4.70).

scholarly journals Herbicide Use Strategy and Its Economy as a Weed Management Option in Wheat Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
MG Mostafa ◽  
MF Karim ◽  
HMMT Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Hand Weeding

Weed pressure is an additional threat to high temperature stressed wheat crop for its optimum production. A field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during Rabi 2017-2018 to assess the response of wheat varieties to different weed managements and its economical viability. As such three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29, and BARI Gom-30 along with five weed managements viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 spray at 5 DAS as pre-emergence, Affinity 50.75 WP (Isoproturon) @ 1500 g ha-1 spray at 25 DAS as post-emergence and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Affinity 50.75 WP (Isoproturon) @ 1500 g ha-1 at 5 & 25 DAS were treatment variables tested under split plot design.Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colona, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa,etc.werethe major weeds as determined based on their field intensity.Results revealed that BARI Gom-30 out-yielded other varieties with the highest grain yield (3.01 t ha-1). Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC at 5 DAS proved as suitable weed management compared to other methods. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC @ 2000 ml ha-1 spray at 5 DAS as pre-emergence gave higher yield and yield attributes while BARI Gom-28 under no weeding check showed lower grain yield (2.09 t ha-1). Economically maximum gross return (Tk.75761.52ha-1),net income (Tk.21775.92ha-1), and BCR (1.41) were associated with Panida 33EC treatment when minimum values were obtained in the control plot (no weeding). So, the application of pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33EC might be economically viable weed management ensuring a higher yield in wheat cultivation. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 119-125

scholarly journals Response Of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) And Associated Grassy Weeds Grown In Salt-Affected Soil To Effects Of Graminicides And Indole Acetic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. El-Metwally ◽  
Osama A.M. Ali ◽  
Magdi T. Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Clodinafop Propargyl

Abstract Two field experiments were carried out in two successive seasons to examine the effect of weed management on wheat crop under saline condition and how herbicides can interact with foliar application with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to improve weed suppression and enhance crop growth and productivity under salinity stress. Clodinafop-propargyl was the best option to attain acceptable grassy weeds control. Increasing IAA from 0 up to 150 ppm significantly increased number and dry weight of grassy weeds in wheat after 80 days from sowing. Application of IAA at 150 ppm recorded the highest number and dry weight of weeds. Clodinafop-propargyl produced the lowest values of number and dry weight of weeds as well as nutrients uptake by weeds when water spraying was added. While application of IAA at 150 ppm gave the maximum values of flag leaf area, SPAD meter values, number of spike/m2, spike length, number of spikelets/spike, grains number/spike, grains weight/spike, as well as grain, straw, and total crude protein, phosphorus and potassium percentages when clodinafop-propargyl treatment was applied. It could be concluded that using IAA at 150 ppm resulted in enhancement of growth and productivity of wheat crop when integrated with clodinafop-propargyl treatment under salinity condition.

scholarly journals Meeting the Local Rice Needs in Nigeria through Effective Weed Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ismaila ◽  
A. C. Wada ◽  
E. Daniya ◽  
A. U. Gbanguba
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Major Impediment ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

<p>Nigeria is blessed with natural and human resources required to produce rice to meet its local consumption. These resources are spread across all the agro-ecological zones of the country. Despite the availability of these resources, rice production in Nigeria could still not meet the local consumption and over 40% of the crop is imported annually to complement the local production. Several studies have revealed biotic and abiotic stresses as the major impediment to the production of the crop. Weeds are the most prominent of all the stresses across all the ecologies in term of yield reduction, labour demand and control cost. Yield losses of 35-75% and 70-100% have been recorded in low land and upland ecologies respectively as a result of weed interference. The problem of weed is worse than any of the other stress mentioned above except for water stress in low land ecology. This paper reviews the various weed management options that could be adopted for optimal rice yield, by the resource poor farmers of Nigeria.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Sources and Weed Management Options on Weed Growth and Crop Yield of Transplant Aman Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
R Ghosh ◽  
M Salim ◽  
S Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field study was conducted at the Agronomy research field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period of July to December, 2013 to evaluate the sources of nitrogen and weed management options on weed growth and rice yield. The experiment included four nitrogen sources (100% cowdung, 100% prilled urea, 100% urea super granule, 50% cowdung + 50% prilled urea) and four weed management options (weedy, application of herbicide at 3 DAT, application of herbicide at 3 DAT followed by hand weeding at 21 DAT and weed free). Sources of nitrogen and weed management options had significant effect on tiller number, biomass, SPAD value, panicle number, number of florets panicle-1, grain and straw yield, and weed biomass. The highest grain yield (5.40 t ha-1) was found in the treatment of 50% cowdung + 50% prilled urea with combination of season long weed free. Although 100% prilled urea had significantly similar grain yield to 50% cowdung + 50% prilled urea, however, across the weed management options, 100% urea super granule and 100% cowdung had 15 and 27% lower grain yield. Irrespective of the weed management options, 100% prilled urea had always higher weed biomass and 100% USG, 50% cowdung + 50% prilled urea, and 100% cowdung had 46, 35 and 19% lower weed biomass, respectively, compared with 100% prilled urea. In terms of rice yield and weed management, combined application of organic and inorganic source of nitrogen is better than only chemical or only organic source and pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding for transplanted aman rice.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(1): 85-97

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