scholarly journals Response Of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) And Associated Grassy Weeds Grown In Salt-Affected Soil To Effects Of Graminicides And Indole Acetic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. El-Metwally ◽  
Osama A.M. Ali ◽  
Magdi T. Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Clodinafop Propargyl

Abstract Two field experiments were carried out in two successive seasons to examine the effect of weed management on wheat crop under saline condition and how herbicides can interact with foliar application with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to improve weed suppression and enhance crop growth and productivity under salinity stress. Clodinafop-propargyl was the best option to attain acceptable grassy weeds control. Increasing IAA from 0 up to 150 ppm significantly increased number and dry weight of grassy weeds in wheat after 80 days from sowing. Application of IAA at 150 ppm recorded the highest number and dry weight of weeds. Clodinafop-propargyl produced the lowest values of number and dry weight of weeds as well as nutrients uptake by weeds when water spraying was added. While application of IAA at 150 ppm gave the maximum values of flag leaf area, SPAD meter values, number of spike/m2, spike length, number of spikelets/spike, grains number/spike, grains weight/spike, as well as grain, straw, and total crude protein, phosphorus and potassium percentages when clodinafop-propargyl treatment was applied. It could be concluded that using IAA at 150 ppm resulted in enhancement of growth and productivity of wheat crop when integrated with clodinafop-propargyl treatment under salinity condition.

scholarly journals Effect of boron on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under center pivot sprinkler irrigation system in the West Desert of Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hammad Nawaf Farhan ◽  
Saifuldeen Abdulrazzaq Salim ◽  
Abdulkarem A. Meklef Alalwany ◽  
Basheer Hamad Abdullah ◽  
Heshim Mohammed Aobad
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
The West ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Application Method

Two field experiments were conducted under field conditions under a sprinkler irrigation system in the West desert of Iraq, Al-Qaim Area, 400 km west of Baghdad. Underground water was used as a source of irrigation water to study the effect of different rates and different times of boron application on wheat cv. Ibaa99. RCBD with five treatments and three replications was used in this study. Boron dose was 2 kg/ha for soil application method and 0.30 kg/ha for foliar application method. Boron treatments were: 0 (control T1), 2 kg B ha-1 at sowing time (T2), 2 kg B ha-1 at 30 days after sowing (T3), 0.3 kg B ha-1 foliar application at 60 days after sowing (T4) and 0.3 kg B ha-1 for foliar application at 90 days after sowing (T5). Most boron treatments gave a significant increase as compared with control in morphological, physiological and productivity characters of wheat crop. The results revealed that B application treatment at 30 days after sowing time increased significantly the 1000 grains weight (17.6%) while T5 treatment increased significantly the chlorophyll content (12.41%) over control. In most cases, B application treatment at 60 days after sowing time showed the best results and increased significantly the plant height (5.24%), leaf area (9.18%), number of grains spike-1 (30.9 %), number of spike m-2 (18.8%), spike length (65.6%), Grains yield (34.6%) over control. There was evidence that the best dose of boron was 0.3 kg B ha-1 and the best time of B application to the foliage was at 60 days after sowing.

Effects of Sowing Dates and Weed Management on Weed Growth and Nutrients Depletion by Weeds and Uptake by Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Shiwalik Foothills Plains of Jammu

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
BC Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Akhil Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing dates and weed management practices on weed growth and nutrients depletion by weeds and uptake by wheat. The results revealed that crop sown on 15th November significantly reduced the weed density and its dry matter was compared to crop sown on 25th December. Among weed management treatments, ready mix application of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron at 30 g/ha + 2 g/ha followed by metribuzin (210 g/ha) showed significantly lowest density and dry weight of weeds. Wheat crop sown on 15th November showed significantly lowest nutrient depletion by weeds and highest yield, nutrients uptake by wheat crop. Significantly lowest nutrient depletion by weeds, highest growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake by wheat crop were recorded with the ready mix application of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron at 30 g/ha + 2 g/ha. Regression equation revealed that unit increase in the weed control efficiency increased the grain yield by 25.56 kg/ha. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 311-318, 2021 (June)

Weeds, nitrogen and yield: measuring the effectiveness of an organic cover cropped vegetable no-till system

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robb ◽  
Geoff Zehnder ◽  
Robin Kloot ◽  
William Bridges ◽  
Dara Park
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Soil N ◽  
No Till ◽  
Mechanical Methods

AbstractOrganic vegetable growers rely heavily on mechanical methods such as tillage and other forms of labor-intensive soil cultivation for weed management despite the negative effects to soil health associated with intensive soil disturbance. The use of cover crops and no-till (NT) vegetable production represents an alternative approach to weed control that can enhance rather than degrade soil health; however, there are challenges inherent with this practice and previous results in vegetable production have been mixed. Field experiments were conducted over 2 yr at the Clemson Student Organic Farm to examine the effects of tillage [NT versus conventional tillage (CT)] on weed development and management in organic tomato and summer squash production under different nitrogen (N) fertility regimes, and to assess soil N dynamics in both systems. Squash yields were similar between tillage treatments in both years. NT tomato yields were 43% greater than CT yields in 2014, whereas CT tomato yields were 46% greater than NT yields in 2015. Squash and tomato yields per unit of management labor (time) were significantly greater in NT compared with CT treatments for both years. There were no statistical differences in squash and tomato yields between N fertilization treatments in either year. Pre- and post-season soil N results were mixed. Pre-season soil N levels were significantly higher in NT tomato plots in 2014 but similar between tillage treatments in tomato plots in 2015 and in squash plots both years. Post-season soil N levels in tomato plots were similar between tillage treatments both years. Post-season soil N levels were significantly higher in NT squash plots in 2014 and in CT squash plots in 2015. Roller-crimped NT mulches provided adequate early-season weed suppression in both years and saved considerable weed management and seedbed preparation labor. Overall, the results demonstrated that organic NT is a viable method for reduced tillage summer vegetable production in the southeastern Piedmont region.

scholarly journals SUNFLOWER COMPETITION IN WHEAT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREG R. GILLESPIE ◽  
STEPHEN D. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Field Season

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is grown in rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the upper midwest of the U.S.A. However, volunteer sunflower is often a problem in wheat planted the year following sunflower. Wheat yields as influenced by wheat seeding date and sunflower density, duration of sunflower competition and rate of sunflower control were determined in the field. Season-long sunflower competition at densities of 3, 9, and 23 plants per square metre reduced yield of the following wheat crop by an average of 11, 19, and 33%, respectively, averaged over seeding date and location. Sunflower was more competitive with wheat seeded in late than in early May, particularly at the lower sunflower densities. Wheat yield was reduced 22% when 24 sunflower plants/m2 were allowed to compete until the wheat flag-leaf stage. Wheat yields obtained were similar when volunteer sunflower was controlled by postemergence MCPA [[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid], bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), or bromoxynil plus MCPA despite the slower rate of control with MCPA compared to bromoxynil or bromoxynil plus MCPA. This research indicates that wheat following sunflower should be planted early and sunflower densities of nine plants per square metre or higher should be removed before the flag-leaf stage to prevent yield reductions.Key words: Density, duration, bromoxynil, MCPA, Helianthus annuus, Triticum aestivum

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Potassium Application Methods on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat Crop Irrigated with Surge Flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Hussiun M.A. Ragheb Hussiun M.A. Ragheb
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Potassium Application ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiments were carried out for two consecutive seasons at the Experimental Station of Soil and Water Department‚ Faculty of Agricultural‚ Assiut University, to study the effect of both irrigation intervals and methods of potassium application on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) beside potassium content in plant and soil. The experimental design was a split plot design with four replications. The main plots were three irrigation intervals (15, 21 and 28 days), while the sub- plots contained two methods of potassium application (side dressing and fertigation). Results indicated that, shorter irrigation intervals improved yield and yield components of wheat crop. The best yield was obtained from 15 days irrigation interval followed by 21 days. Longer irrigation interval (28 days) produced the least yield and yield components due to water stress conditions. Applying potassium with irrigation water improved yield of wheat crop and potassium contents in grain and straw yields compared to side dressing application. Also it increased the available potassium in soils.

scholarly journals Study on the Action of Herbicide Combinations with Varying Irrigation Regimes for Control of Grassy Weeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
Kairovin Lakra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Hand Weeding

Phalaris minor and Cynodon dactylon is the very problematic grassy weeds of wheat crop are responsible for significant yield reduction. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted at CSAUAT, Kanpur during Rabi season 2017-18 and 2018-19 in split-plot design with four replication having four irrigation regimes in main plot viz. irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage (I1), irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2), CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and  irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting + flowering + milking stage (I4), and eight factors of weed management (W1-weedy check, W2-two hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS), W3-sulfosulfuron 25 gha-1at 35 DAS, W4- pendimethalin (pre-em) fb WCPL-15, 400 gha-1at 35 DAS, W5- broadway (carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG) 100 gha-1at 35 DAS, W6- halauxafen + penxasulam 23.5%, 75 gha-1at 35 DAS, W7- halauxafen - methyl 1.21% w/w + fluroxypyr at 35 DAS and W8- clodinafop- propargyl 15% + metsulfuron 1%, 400 gha-135 DAS) were allocated to sub plots for assessing the effect of these treatments on grassy weeds. Irrigations at crown root initiation (CRI) and active tillering stage (I1) significantly reduce the density and weight of grassy weeds with highest WCE and crop resistance index (CRI) over other irrigation regimes. However, I4 irrigation recorded highest weed effectiveness (WE) and crop dry matter yield (CDMY) followed by I3. All the weed management options are significantly superior over weedy check. Among herbicidal treatments, lowest weed density and their weight, WE and the highest WCE, CRI, WPI and CDMY was recorded with the application of broadway (W5) followed by W8. Reducing irrigation frequency and the post emergence application of broadway are the best option for managing grassy weeds in wheat, but for higher CDMY more number of irrigations required.

Winter Annual Weed Suppression in Rye–Vetch Cover Crop Mixtures

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Hayden ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard ◽  
Ben Henshaw ◽  
Mathieu Ngouajio
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds

Winter annual weeds can interfere directly with crops and serve as alternative hosts for important pests, particularly in reduced tillage systems. Field experiments were conducted on loamy sand soils at two sites in Holt, MI, between 2008 and 2011 to evaluate the relative effects of cereal rye, hairy vetch, and rye–vetch mixture cover crops on the biomass and density of winter annual weed communities. All cover crop treatments significantly reduced total weed biomass compared with a no-cover-crop control, with suppression ranging from 71 to 91% for vetch to 95 to 98% for rye. In all trials, the density of nonmustard family broadleaf weeds was either not suppressed or suppressed equally by all cover crop treatments. In contrast, the density of mustard family weed species was suppressed more by rye and rye–vetch mixtures than by vetch. Cover crops were more consistently suppressive of weed dry weight per plant than of weed density, with rye-containing cover crops generally more suppressive than vetch. Overall, rye was most effective at suppressing winter annual weeds; however, rye–vetch mixtures can match the level of control achieved by rye, in addition to providing a potential source of fixed nitrogen for subsequent cash crops.

Integrated Weed Management Using Planting Pattern, Cultivar, and Herbicide in Dry-Seeded Rice in Northwest India

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Vikas Poonia ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Northwest India

Field experiments were conducted in Punjab, India, in 2011 and 2012 to study the integrated effect of planting pattern [uniform rows (20-cm spacing) and paired rows (15-, 25-, and 15-cm spacing)], cultivars (PR-115 and IET-21214), and weed control treatments (nontreated control, pendimethalin 750 g ai ha−1, bispyribac-sodium 25 g ai ha−1, and pendimethalin 750 g ha−1 followed by bispyribac-sodium 25 g ha−1) on weed suppression and rice grain yield in dry-seeded rice. In the nontreated control, IET-21214 had higher grain yield than PR-115 in both planting patterns. However, such differences were not observed within the herbicide treatment. IET-21214 in paired rows, even in nontreated control, provided grain yield (4.7 t ha−1) similar to that in uniform rows coupled with the sole application of pendimethalin (4.3 t ha−1) and bispyribac-sodium (5.0 t ha−1). In uniform rows, sequential application of pendimethalin (PRE) and bispyribac-sodium (POST) provided the highest grain yield among all the weed control treatments and this treatment produced grain yield of 5.9 and 6.1 t ha−1 for PR-115 and IET-21214, respectively. Similarly, in paired rows, PR-115 in paired rows treated with sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium had highest grain yield (6.1 t ha−1) among all the weed control treatments. However, IET-21214 with the sole application of bispyribac-sodium produced grain yield similar to the sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium. At 30 days after sowing, PR-115 in paired rows coupled with pendimethalin application accrued weed biomass (10.7 g m−2) similar to the sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium coupled with uniform rows (8.1 g m−2). Similarly, IET-21214 with bispyribac-sodium application provided weed control similar to the sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium. Our study implied that grain yield of some cultivars could be improved by exploring their competitiveness through paired-row planting patterns with less use of herbicides.

scholarly journals Herbicidal activities of wheat residues in transplant Aman rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
S Ferdousi ◽  
MR Uddin ◽  
M Begum ◽  
UK Sarker ◽  
MN Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Percent Inhibition ◽  
Weed Growth

Allelopathic potentiality of crop residues may be helpful to minimize the serious problems in the present agricultural production such as environmental pollution, unsafe products, human health concerns, depletion of crop diversity, soil sickness and reduction of crop productivity. In this phenomenon an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to November, 2015 to evaluate the effect of crop residues of wheat on weed management and crop performance of T. Aman rice. The experiment consisted of three varieties (cv. BRRI dhan32, BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan49) and five different treatments (viz. no crop residues, wheat crop residues @ 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Five weed species belonging to three families infested the experimental plots. Weed population, weed dry weight and percent inhibition of weed were significantly influenced by wheat crop residues and cultivar. The maximum weed growth was noticed where no crop residues was incorporated and the minimum was found where @ 2.0 tha-1 wheat crop residues was incorporated. The grain yield as well as the other yield contributing characters produced in BRRI dhan49 was the highest among the studied varieties. The highest percent inhibition of 75.32, 58.24, 72.60, 57.45 and 82.24 was in Shama, Panishapla, Pani chaise, Panikachu and Susnishak, respectively which was caused by the application of wheat crop residues @ 2 t ha-1. The highest loss of grain yield was obtained where no crop residues were incorporated. The highest numbers of tillers hill-1, numbers of grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield were observed where wheat crop residues were incorporated @ 2.0 t ha-1. The results of this study indicate that different amount of wheat crop residues showed potential activity to suppress weed growth.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 253-261, 2017

scholarly journals Use of the Cover Crop Weed Index to Evaluate Weed Suppression by Cover Crops in Organic Citrus Orchards

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Linares ◽  
Johannes Scholberg ◽  
Kenneth Boote ◽  
Carlene A. Chase ◽  
James J. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Arachis Glabrata

Citrus is one of the most important crops in Florida. During the past decade, increased international competition and urban development, diseases, and more stringent environmental regulations have greatly affected the citrus industry. Citrus growers transitioning to organic production may benefit from premium prices, but they also face many challenges, including development of effective weed management strategies. Cover crops (CC) may constitute an environmentally sound alternative for improved weed management in organic systems. Two field experiments were conducted at Citra in north central Florida from 2002 to 2005, to evaluate the effectiveness of annual and perennial CC to suppress weeds in organic citrus groves. To quantify and compare the effectiveness of CC to suppress weed growth, a new weed suppression assessment tool, the cover crop/weed index (CCWI), was developed using the ratio of biomass accumulation of CC and weeds. Annual summer CC accumulated more biomass in comparison with winter CC. Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), and alyceclover (Alysicarpus vaginalis L.) all provided excellent weed suppression, which was superior to tillage fallow. Single-species winter CC did not always perform consistently well. Use of winter CC mixtures resulted in more consistent overall CC performance, greater dry matter production, and more effective weed suppression than single species of CC. Initial perennial peanut (PP) growth was slow, and summer planting of PP (Arachis glabrata Benth.) was determined to be the most effective date in terms of weed suppression, which was improved gradually over time, but all planting dates resulted in slow initial growth compared with annual CC. For both PP and annual CC, weed biomass typically was inversely related to CC dry weight accumulation resulting from competition for resources. The CCWI was a suitable tool to quantify CC performance in terms of weed suppression.

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