scholarly journals Reducing Acrylamide Exposure: A Review of the Application of Sulfur-Containing Compounds - A Caribbean Outlook

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-209
Author(s):  
Dahryn A. Augustine ◽  
Grace-Anne Bent
Keyword(s):  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acrylamide Formation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Developing Region ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

Acrylamide, a known neurotoxin, reproductive toxin, genotoxin, probable carcinogen, hepatotoxin, and immunotoxin, has sparked intense curiosity due to its prominent presence in thermally processed, carbohydrate-rich foods. Acrylamide formation occurs via the Maillard reaction at temperatures ≥100ºC. Thorough investigations on acrylamide mitigation through the application of sulfur-containing compounds to raw materials, and during food processing have been conducted. Although prominent results in acrylamide reduction have been observed, limitations are considered. These limitations involve the social and economic challenges of a population, such as the Caribbean. This study seeks to answer just how effective the application of sulfur-containing compounds is in reducing acrylamide exposure, especially when this applies to a developing region.

scholarly journals Chemical Threats in Thermally Processed Traditional Food and Possibilities of Their Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Józef Grochowicz
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Chemical Threats ◽  
Hazardous Compounds

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to review the present state of knowledge on health threats that occur as a result of some thermal processing of food products. Depending on the type and properties of raw materials and conditions of processes, carcinogenic, mutagen and genotoxic substances may be formed out of them, which may be treated as a process contamination. They are produced in processing plants, where their content is obligatorily controlled and organic, as well as in the conditions of food production in gastronomic units and households. The paper emphasises the second area of food processing, in particular, house-holds and popularised grilling processes, where there are no other possibilities of control of the threat level and awareness of people who prepare food and consumers is insufficient. The paper presents the most often occurring hazardous compounds, the most important regulations and admissible limits of consumption, as well as principles of thermal processing in a safe manner, and possibilities of limiting the levels of those substances in products

Local Histories/Global Designs

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Mignolo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Central America ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Border Thinking ◽  
East West

This book is an extended argument about the “coloniality” of power. In a shrinking world where sharp dichotomies, such as East/West and developing/developed, blur and shift, this book points to the inadequacy of current practices in the social sciences and area studies. It explores the crucial notion of “colonial difference” in the study of the modern colonial world and traces the emergence of an epistemic shift, which the book calls “border thinking.” Further, the book expands the horizons of those debates already under way in postcolonial studies of Asia and Africa by dwelling on the genealogy of thoughts of South/Central America, the Caribbean, and Latino/as in the United States. The book's concept of “border gnosis,” or sensing and knowing by dwelling in imperial/colonial borderlands, counters the tendency of occidentalist perspectives to manage, and thus limit, understanding. A new preface discusses this book as a dialogue with Hegel's Philosophy of History.

Intuitions and Arguments: Cognitive Foundations of Argumentation in Natural Theology

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen De Cruz ◽  
Johan De Smedt
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Cognitive Foundations

This paper examines the cognitive foundations of natural theology: the intuitions that provide the raw materials for religious arguments, and the social context in which they are defended or challenged. We show that the premises on which natural theological arguments are based rely on intuitions that emerge early in development, and that underlie our expectations for everyday situations, e.g., about how causation works, or how design is recognized. In spite of the universality of these intuitions, the cogency of natural theological arguments remains a matter of continued debate. To understand why they are controversial, we draw on social theories of reasoning and argumentation.

scholarly journals Transition to Circular Economy in the Fertilizer Sector—Analysis of Recommended Directions and End-Users’ Perception of Waste-Based Products in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4312
Author(s):  
Marzena Smol
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
End Users ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sector Analysis ◽  
Art Analysis

Circular economy (CE) is an economic model, in which raw materials remain in circulation as long as possible and the generation of waste is minimized. In the fertilizer sector, waste rich in nutrients should be directed to agriculture purposes. This paper presents an analysis of recommended directions for the use of nutrient-rich waste in fertilizer sector and an evaluation of possible interest in this kind of fertilizer by a selected group of end-users (nurseries). The scope of research includes the state-of-the-art analysis on circular aspects and recommended directions in the CE implementation in the fertilizer sector (with focus on sewage-based waste), and survey analysis on the potential interest of nurseries in the use of waste-based fertilizers in Poland. There are more and more recommendations for the use of waste for agriculture purposes at European and national levels. The waste-based products have to meet certain requirements in order to put such products on the marker. Nurserymen are interested in contributing to the process of transformation towards the CE model in Poland; however, they are not fully convinced due to a lack of experience in the use of waste-based products and a lack of social acceptance and health risk in this regard. Further actions to build the social acceptance of waste-based fertilizers, and the education of end-users themselves in their application is required.

Molecular Reconstruction of Hydrocarbons and Sulfur-Containing Compounds in Atmospheric and Vacuum Gas Oils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bojkovic ◽  
Thomas Dijkmans ◽  
Hang Dao Thi ◽  
Marko Djokic ◽  
Kevin M. Van Geem
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

scholarly journals Effect of WC/Ni–Cr additive on changes in the composition of an atmospheric residue in the course of cracking

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina S. Pevneva ◽  
Natalya G. Voronetskaya ◽  
Nikita N. Sviridenko ◽  
Anatoly K. Golovko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Atmospheric Residue ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Catalytic Additive ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

AbstractThe paper presents the results of investigation of changes in the composition of hydrocarbons and sulfur-containing compounds of an atmospheric residue in the course of cracking in the presence of a tungsten carbide–nickel–chromium (WC/Ni–Cr) catalytic additive and without it. The cracking is carried out in an autoclave at 500 °C for 30 min. The addition of the WC/Ni–Cr additive promotes the deepening of reactions of destruction not only of resins and asphaltenes, but also high molecular weight naphthene-aromatic compounds of the atmospheric residue. It is shown that the content of low molecular weight C9–C17 n-alkanes and C9–C10 alkylbenzenes rose sharply in the products of cracking with addition of WC/Ni–Cr in comparison with those produced without the additive. Alkyl- and naphthene-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons of benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene series, polyarenes, benzo- and dibenzothiophenes are identified.

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