Phytochemical and Cytotoxic Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants (Byrsocarpus coccineus, Terminalia avicennioides and Anogeissus leiocarpus) Using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Lethality Assay

Three medicinal plants, were investigated based on their ethno-medicinal uses. Byrsocarpus coccineus (B.C), Terminalia avicennioides (T.A) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (A.L) are used traditionally in the treatment of various ailments in Nigeria. Proximate and mineral analyses were carried out on the leaf, stem and root of the three plants. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of the aqueous, ethanol and pet ether (leaf, stem and root) extracts, of the three plants were determined and the extracts were subjected to cytotoxic screening using the in vivo brine shrimp lethality tests. The proximate and mineral analyses show appreciable dietary nutrients in the three plants. Phytochemical analyses of B.C, T.A and A.L (leaf, stem and root) extracts, showed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroid and phenol. Antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and reducing power), increase in all the plant extracts in a dose dependent manner. The results of brine shrimp lethality tests indicate that plant extracts of B.C, T.A and A.L except A.L stem aqueous extract (130.72 µg/ml), T.A leaf aqueous (130.15 µg/ml) and root aqueous extracts were moderately cytotoxic, while the others were highly cytotoxic. B. coccineus leaf ethanol extract (17.31 µg/ml) was the most cytotoxic. The result shows that B. coccineus leaf ethanol extract has significant antioxidant activity and is cytotoxic to brine shrimp even at low concentration giving credence to its ethno-medicinal uses.

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Cytotoxicity Activities of Ethanol Extract of Hooks Uncaria tomentosa West Kalimantan

The Journal of Food and Medicinal Plants ◽

10.25077/jfmp.1.1.1-4.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Mega Sari Juane Sofiana ◽

Warsidah Warsidah ◽

Dodi Iskandar

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Plant Family ◽

Uncaria Tomentosa ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Cytotoxicity Activities

Uncaria tomentosa is a member of the plant family Rubiaceae. It has been used as medicinal plants in West Kalimantan. The cytotoxic of ethanol extract from the hooks of U. Tomentosa was determined. This study used Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method with solution concentration 1,000; 5,000 and 10,000 ppm. The extract has LC50 values of 21,754 ppm. It is indicated the extract not toxic. This extract is potent to be used as drugs.

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Antibacterial, Antidiabetic and Brine Shrimp Lethality Activities of Some Selected Medicinal Plants from Kavrepalanchok District of Nepal

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/jist.v24i1.24629 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Khaga Raj Sharma ◽

Rupak Kharel

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality

The methanol extracts of nine medicinal plants collected from Kavrepalanchok district of Nepal were subjected to their potential bioactivity viz. antibacterial, antidiabetic and toxicity tests. Antibacterial property of the extracts was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method and antidiabetic activity was investigated by α-amylase inhibition assay. The toxicity of plant extracts was assessed by brine shrimp lethality test. All the nine different plant extracts showed antibacterial activity with the zone of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 5 to 35 mm. Among the studied plant extracts, Psidium guajava showed the highest ZOI against Salmonella typhi (35 mm) while Melia azedarach was most effective against Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm). The percentage of α- amylase enzyme inhibition was found up to 88.56 ± 3.50 in dose dependent manner. The enzyme inhibitory concentration IC50 value of standard, acarbose was 166.01 μg/mL while the most effective anti-diabetic plant extract of Utrica dioica has 186.67 μg/mL. Moreover, various plant extracts depicted various levels of toxic activities; Curcuma longa demonstrated significant toxicity to Artemia salina with LC50 value 62.10 μg/mL, while Agerantina adenophora, P. guajava and M. azedarach showed moderate toxicity with 103.77, 109.37 and 383.58 μg/mL, respectively.

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Preliminary Cytotoxicity Screening of Some Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v7i1.1217 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 47-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohammad S Rahman ◽

Bilkis Begum ◽

Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury ◽

Khondaker M Rahman ◽

Mohammad A Rashid

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Significant Toxicity ◽

Brine Shrimps ◽

Bioassay Technique

The cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extracts of 35 plant species, including 28 traditionally used plants of Bangladesh was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality bioassay technique. Among these, 19 plant extracts exhibited significant toxicity to brine shrimps with LC50 less than 10 Î¼g/ml.Key words: Cytotoxic activity, Brine shrimp lethality bioassay.DOI = 10.3329/dujps.v7i1.1217Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 7(1): 47-52, 2008 (June)

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UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN HYPERICUM LESCHENAULTII CHOISY DARI GUNUNG LAWU TERHADAP ARTEMIA SALINA L. SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIKANKER

At-Taqaddum ◽

10.21580/at.v11i2.4448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

Yudha Noviana ◽

Dwimei Ayudewandari Pranatami

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Rf Values ◽

Layer Chromatography

Mount Lawu is a biodiversity rich mountain, with the potensial of medicinal plants of various kinds including anticancer plants. Flora on the Mount Lawu that has potential for anticancer is Hypericum leschenaultii Choisy containing compounds hypericin. Hypericum has several biological activities such as a antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer. The research aims to determine the potential of bioactive compounds and extracts of the leaves of H. leschenaultii from Mount Lawu and toxicity to Artemia salina Leach and profile Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) it. Ethanol extract of the leaves of H. leschenaultii was tested toxicity with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) using a concentration of 400 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml. The TLC profiles of bioactive compounds were determined by using spesific spray reagent. The results show the potential and toxicity of leaf extract of H. leschenaultii with LC values 175,77 µg/ml. TLC profile of bioactive compounds leaf extract of H. leschenaultiicontaining flavonoids with Rf values of 0,98 and terpenoid compounds with Rf value of 0,91; 0,95; 0,98. ==================================================Gunung Lawu merupakan gunung yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, dengan potensi tumbuhan obat yang beragam, termasuk potensi tumbuhan sebagai antikanker. Adanya potensi tumbuhan sebagai sumber senyawa antikanker tersebut belum banyak diteliti dan digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif. Flora di Gunung Lawu yang potensial sebagai tumbuhan antikanker, yaitu Hypericum leschenaultii Choisy yang mengandung senyawa hypericin dan memiliki status keberadaan yang melimpah di Gunung lawu, sehingga sangat penting untuk diketahui manfaatnya agar dapat dimanfaatkan lebih luas. Hypericin memiliki beberapa aktivitas biologis seperti antioksidan, antitumor, dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi senyawa bioaktif ekstrak daun H. leschenaultii dari Gunung Lawu sebagai antikanker dengan melihat toksisitasnya terhadap Artemia salina Leach serta profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) nya. Untuk mengetahui potensi sebagai tanaman antikanker maka ekstrak etanol daun H. leschenaultii diuji toksisitasnya dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Dalam uji BST tersebut digunakan 5 konsentrasi esktrak etanol daun H. leschenaultii yaitu: 400 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif dideteksi dengan reagen semprot spesifik untuk mengetahui profil KLT-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi dan toksisitas ekstrak H. leschenaultii dengan nilai LC 175,77 µg/ml. Profil KLT senyawa bioaktif ekstrak daun H. leschenaultii mengandung senyawa flavonoid dengan nilai Rf 0,98 serta senyawa terpenoid dengan nilai Rf 0,91; 0,95; 0,98.

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South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 681

Author(s):

Gugulethu P. Khumalo ◽

Nicholas J. Sadgrove ◽

Sandy F. Van Vuuren ◽

Ben-Erik Van Wyk

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Sclerocarya Birrea ◽

Lung Infections ◽

Tract Infections

Indigenous trade of medicinal plants in South Africa is a multi-million-rand industry and is still highly relevant in terms of primary health care. The purpose of this study was to identify today’s most traded medicinal barks, traditionally and contemporaneously used for dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections; then, to investigate the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the respective extracts and interpret outcomes in light of pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one popularly traded medicinal barks were purchased from the Faraday and Kwa Mai-Mai markets in Johannesburg, South Africa. Information on the medicinal uses of bark-based medicines in modern commerce was recorded from randomly selected traders. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used for antimicrobial screening, and brine shrimp lethality was used to determine toxicity. New medicinal uses were recorded for 14 bark species. Plants demonstrating some broad-spectrum activities against tested bacteria include Elaeodendron transvaalense, Erythrina lysistemon, Garcinia livingstonei, Pterocelastrus rostratus, Rapanea melanophloeos, Schotia brachypetala, Sclerocarya birrea, and Ziziphus mucronata. The lowest MIC value of 0.004 mg/mL was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis for a dichloromethane bark extract of E. lysistemon. The tested medicinal barks were shown to be non-toxic against the Artemia nauplii (brine shrimp) bioassay, except for a methanol extract from Trichilia emetica (69.52% mortality). Bacterial inhibition of bark extracts with minimal associated toxicity is consistent with the safety and valuable use of medicinal barks for local muthi market customers. Antimicrobial outcomes against skin and gastrointestinal pathogens are feasible because mere contact-inhibition is required in vivo; however, MIC values against respiratory pathogens require further explaining from a pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics perspective, particularly for ingested rather than smoked therapies.

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KAJIAN TOKSISITAS DARI TUBUH BUAH Ganoderma lucidum DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BST)

Scripta Biologica ◽

10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.22 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Ross Nurul Rohmah ◽

Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas ◽

Ari Asnani

Keyword(s):

Toxic Effect ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

One Stage ◽

Body Extract

Ganoderma lucidum is polyporus fungi from Basidiomycetes which can be used as traditional medicines. Toxicity test with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method using Artemia salina was conducted to find out toxic effect of G.lucidum. An extract would have toxic effect if the LC50 < 1000 µg/ml. The aims of this experiment were to know about the toxicity level from G.lucidum with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method and determined the concentration of fruiting body extract of G.lucidum which had the best toxicity effect in LC50. There were two extraction methods used in this experiment, first one stage extraction and then multilevel extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Each solvent was made in 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, and 125 ppm. This process was repeated for three times. This experiment used G.lucidum extract which was tested to A.salina and secunder compound metabolit test from the most toxic G. lucidum was done with phytochemical analysis. The result indicated that fruiting body extract from G.lucidum could kill A.salina because all extract was positively contained alkaloid and terpenoid but negatively contained flavonoid. Fruiting body extract from G.lucidum which had lowest LC50 wass ethyl asetat extract with one stage extraction in concentration 53,70 ppm and highest LC50 was ethanol extract with multilevel extraction in concentration 501,18 ppm.

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Antioxidant, Antityrosinase Activity and Toxicity of Alpinia nigra Extracts

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.819.111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 819 ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Papatsiri Janyapanich ◽

Chatchanok Kotipan ◽

Kritsanat Teerachawalwong ◽

Surawut Watana ◽

Nopparat Nuntharatanapon

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Mushroom Tyrosinase ◽

Melanin Production ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Alpinia Nigra

Excessive of ultraviolet light causes abnormality of melanin production. Antioxidants and antityrosinase agents are able to reduce hyperpigmentation by interrupting the process of melanin production. The purpose of this study is to examine the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities as well as toxicity of both 80% ethanol and aqueous extracts of Alpinia nigra by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, mushroom tyrosinase assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Alpinia nigra extracts showed positive result on antioxidant and antityrosinase activities. We found that extract of A. nigra’s leaf has the most effective activity of antioxidant and antityrosinase among other parts of this plant. The ethanol and aqueous extracts from the leaf of A. nigra at the concentration of 125 μg/mL showed % inhibition for free radical scavenging as 94.97% and 93.35%, respectively. The IC50 values of antioxidant were 39.83±16.21 and 46.33±15.22 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, ethanol extract of the leaf from A. nigra at the concentration of 1,000 μg/mL produced 92.61% inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity, whereas aqueous extract of A. nigra’s leaf at the same concentration produced 74.47% inhibition. The IC50 of antityrosinase activities were 142.81±13.32 and 406.88±66.43 μg/mL for ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. Moreover, the brine shrimp lethality bioassay showed that all extracts were non-toxic (LC50 >1,000 μg/mL). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of A. nigra’s leaf may be beneficial and provide the novel and safe source for antioxidant and whitening agent.

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Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Selected Species of Medicinal Plants

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/ecsoc-23-06703 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Sandeep Waghulde ◽

Mohan K. Kale ◽

VijayR. Patil

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Annona Reticulata

The present study was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisum and Brassica oleraceaeand correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plants. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). Ten nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extract. After 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. Results showed that the extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisumand Brassica oleraceaewere potent against the brine shrimp when compared alone with combined extracts. It indicated that bioactive components are present in these plants that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects. Thus, the results support the uses of these plant species in traditional medicine.

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