Investigation of the Phyto-constituents and the Antibacterial Activity of Burkea africana against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis

Bacterial skin infections are common in the tropics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has complicated treatment outcomes especially in immune compromised patients. This study focused on determining the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant, Burkea Africana, which has been used for decades to treat various ailments in Southern Africa. Phyto-constituent determination and antibacterial assay was carried out on the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Burkea Africana. The Agar well diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of both extracts. Activity was measured against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis using ciprofloxacin as the standard. For both extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates. The 70% hydro-ethanolic extract however revealed more phyto-constituents including flavonoids and alkaloids. For both extracts antibacterial activity was comparable to the standard. The highest zone of inhibition recorded for the water extract was 22±0.4 mm at 500 mg/ml for E. coli while the standard, Ciprofloxacin had a zone of inhibition of 25±0.33 mm. The ethanolic extract showed higher antibacterial efficacy when compared to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. The zone of inhibition for the 70% ethanolic extract was 25.4±0.50 mm and that of the standard was 27±0.48 mm. Antibacterial activity was generally higher in the ethanolic extract than the water extract. It is therefore concluded that B. africana exhibits antibacterial activity.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IPOMOEA INDICA PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i2.25879 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Seenu Yuvarani ◽

Selvam .

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Plant Leaf

Objective: The objective of this study was to phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the Ipomoea indica plant leaves extracts.Methods: The crude powder of the plant leaf samples of I. indica was extracted using methanol and aqueous solvents and subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts was tested at different for concentrations. The extract was tested against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycoside, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids and tannins in the solvent extract. The antibacterial activity was performed by using the disc diffusion method, where the largest zone of inhibition was obtained with aqueous extract 75µ concentration against Salmonella typhi (26 mm). The antibacterial activity was compared with the standard antibiotics like Streptomycin.Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous extract of the I. indica leaves possesses bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains, which can be used to formulate new antibacterial drugs for disease control.

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Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Ethanolic Seed Extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple)

Oriental Journal of Physical Sciences ◽

10.13005/ojps01.0102.02 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1-2) ◽

pp. 05-09 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel L. Oputah ◽

Kolawole O. Ajanaku ◽

Raphael C. Mordi ◽

Joseph A. O. Olugbuyiro ◽

Shade J. Olorunshola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Seed Extracts ◽

African Star Apple

Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extract of the seeds of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) were investigated. The phytochemical result revealed the presence of saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, fatty acids and terpenoids. The antibacterial activity was studied using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations against six pathogenic bacterial strains, three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus varians and Bacillus cereus) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris). Significant inhibitory activities were exhibited by the ethanolic seed extracts for all test organisms except Bacillus cereus. Zone of inhibition of the crude ethanolic extract was correlated with that of a standard antibiotic Gentamicin, for antibacterial activity. The results indicated a notable inhibition of the bacterial growth.

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ANTIBACTERIAL CAPACITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY GCMS OF ALLIUM CEPA

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i2.23698 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dushyant Sharma ◽

Reena Rani ◽

Monika Chaturvedi ◽

J. P. Yadav

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Dodecanoic Acid ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition

Objective: Plants offer a novel source for the isolation of a wide variety of medicinal agents. Allium cepa commonly known as onion is very well known medicinal plants and we investigated the antibacterial activity of different extracts and their phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: The extracts of A. cepa prepared in six different solvents was analyzed for antibacterial activity against nine American type cell culture (ATCC) reference bacterial strains i.e. Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the agar well diffusion method. GCMS analysis also has been carried out for their phytochemical analysis.Results: The results obtained from agar well diffusion assay showed the zone of inhibition range from 10±0.76 to 26±0.76 mm for different extracts. The methanol extract was found most potent against K. pneumonia and S. marcescens with the zone of inhibition of 26±0.76 mm for both strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were in the range of 1.87 to 7.5 mg/ml and the MIC values for K. pneumonia and S. marcescens was 1.87 mg/ml. A total of 43 compounds were identified by GCMS analysis. Out of them dodecanoic acid was found common in all extracts.Conclusion: It is concluded that Allium cepa have good antibacterial activity so it can be used for the treatment of various infectious diseases.

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Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Juice and Peel Extract of Citrus Fruits

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v6i0.26589 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 82-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alisha Shakya ◽

Bhawana Luitel ◽

Pragati Kumari ◽

Ritu Devkota ◽

Puspa Raj Dahal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Citrus Fruits ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Gram Positive ◽

E Coli ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Peel Extract

Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of peel and juice extracts of citrus fruits. Methods: The antibacterial activity of juice and peel extract of five selected citrus fruits [C1- Citrus reticulata (mandarin orange), C2- Citrus limetta (sweet lime), C3- Citrus aurantifolia (lime), C4- Citrus limon (lemon) and C5- Citrus maxima (pommelo)] on three Gram positive and five Gram negative bacterial strains were examined. The juice and peel extract of citrus fruits was obtained by using absolute ethanol. The obtained extracts were dissolved in 1ml 10% v/v DMSO which was taken to carry out the antibacterial susceptibility assay using agar well diffusion method. Results: The peel extracts of C1 and C2 were found to be more effective against the given Gram-positive bacteria than the juice extracts with maximum zone of inhibition (20.33±1.527) and (15.33±0.577) against Bacillus spp respectively. While the juice extracts of C3 and C4 were more effective against both Gram positive and negative bacteria than their peel extracts with maximum zone of inhibition (26.66±1.15) against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and (20±1) against E. coli ATCC 25922 respectively. The juice extract of C5 was found to be more effective against both Gram positive and negative bacteria than its peel extract with maximum zone of inhibition (18.66±1.154) against E. coli ATCC 25922 except for Bacillus spp in which peel extract showed maximum zone of inhibition i.e. (15±1) Conclusion: This study suggests that these juice and peel extracts may have beneficial antibacterial roles that can be exploited in controlling unwanted bacterial growth.

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Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of extract from lantana camara l. leaves

10.21203/rs.3.rs-151542/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bondy Lourenço ◽

Asimbawe Kiza ◽

Abrão Amândio João ◽

Clemência Félix Odala Niconte ◽

Pompílio Armando Vintuar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Significant Difference ◽

New Antibiotics

Abstract Background: Currently, several studies are being conducted to test antibacterial activity of various medicinal plants, in attempt to develop new antibiotics or to potentiate the action of antibiotics of known clinical use. In this research, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Lantana camara L were performed.Methods The extracts were obtained through maceration with 90% ethanol. In phytochemical analysis, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were identified using specific reagents for each class.The antibacterial activity was analyzed using the disk diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus.Key findings The diameters of the inhibition halos varied between 0.7 and 12 mm, with an average of 8.26 mm for strains of S. aureus and there was no inhibition for E. coli. The results showed a significant difference between the inhibition halos and the tested concentrations for S. aureus. In conclusion L. camara leaf extracts are rich in bioactive compounds and have a good antibacterial potential against S. aureus and not for E. coli. And there was no relationship between the concentration of the extract and the diameter of the halo of inhibition of the evaluated microorganism.

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Invitro antibacterial activity of Cassia fistula Linn methanolic leaf extracts

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20190146 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Bindhu R. Kamath ◽

Sabeena Kizhedath

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Cassia Fistula ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

E Coli

Background: Cassia fistula Linn is a plant which is widely grown in India and is used for medicinal purposes. The study was carried out with an objective to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of leaves of Cassia fistula Linn. The aim of the study is to assess antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Cassia fistula Linn against selected clinical isolates.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Cassia fistula was evaluated using agar well diffusion method and to zone of inhibition of extract was determined. Clinical isolates of Staphyloccocus aureus, MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and Proteus were screened.Results: The methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was not active against E. coli, Proteus, MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract also failed to demonstrate antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.Conclusions: The global emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains is increasing, limiting the effectiveness of current drugs and treatment failure of infections. A novel approach to the prevention of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic species is the use of new compounds that are not based on existing synthetic antimicrobial agents.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Extract From Lantana Camara L. Leaves

10.21203/rs.3.rs-156702/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bondy Jorge Lourenço ◽

Asimbawe Kiza ◽

ABRÃO AMÂNDIO JOÃO ◽

Clemência FÉLIX ODALA Niconte ◽

POMPÍLIO ARMANDO Vintuar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Significant Difference ◽

New Antibiotics

Abstract Background: Currently, several studies are being conducted to test antibacterial activity of various medicinal plants, in attempt to develop new antibiotics or to potentiate the action of antibiotics of known clinical use. In this research, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Lantana camara L were performed.The extracts were obtained through maceration with 90% ethanol. In phytochemical analysis, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were identified using specific reagents for each class.The antibacterial activity was analyzed using the disk diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus. Results: The diameters of the inhibition halos varied between 0.7 and 12 mm, with an average of 8.26 mm for strains of S. aureus and there was no inhibition for E. coli. The results showed a significant difference between the inhibition halos and the tested concentrations for S. aureus. Conclusions: L. camara leaf extracts are rich in bioactive compounds and have a good antibacterial potential against S. aureus and not for E. coli. And there was no relationship between the concentration of the extract and the diameter of the halo of inhibition of the evaluated microorganism.

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SENNA TORA (L.) ROXB

International journal of multidisciplinary advanced scientific research and innovation ◽

10.53633/ijmasri.2021.1.10.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. 273-282

Author(s):

Subramanian Manimaran ◽

Kadirvelmurugan Venkatachalam ◽

Gandhimaniyan Krishnan ◽

Ambedkar Govindasamy ◽

Vijayakumar Sakthivel

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts

Plants have always been an important source of medicines since ancient times and seventy percent of the worldwide population still relies on one or other forms of traditional plant based medicine. Plant items have been essential for phytomedicines since days of yore. These can be derived from any part of the plants like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds, etc. The present exploration has been conducted in the leaf of Senna tora performing various phytochemical tests to identify the secondary metabolites present in it such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. The maximum phenolic content was presented in methanol solvents 1.41 ± 0.44 and lowest content was presented in petroleum ether extract 0.17 ± 0.21. Antibacterial activity were estimated and evaluated by using different types of extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus thuriengensis and Staphylococcus. Among these the maximum antibacterial activity (Zone of inhibition 19.0 mm) shown against Klebsiella pneumoniae in the extract of Petroleum ether. The minimum antibacterial activity observed (Zone of inhibition 11.0 mm) against Staphylococcus ceureus in extract of Ethanol extract of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Keywords: Senna tora (L.), phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, bacterial strains

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Antibacterial activity, metabolites and elemental analysis of Saussurea candicans C. B. Clarke

Current Botany ◽

10.19071/cb.2017.v8.3153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Shweta Puri ◽

M.C. Sidhu ◽

Avantika Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Medicinal Activity

Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and water extracts of Saussurea candicans has indicated the presence of flavonoides, phenolics, tannins etc. that supports its use in traditional medicine both for human and animals in different parts of the world. S. candicans is a plant of medicinal interest hence selected for analysis. Antibacterial activity of the two extracts was tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Only the ethanol extract was found to be effective. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared and studied for different phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoides, phenolics, steroids etc. and also for their antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectroscopy of whole plant powder were done to study the functional groups and elemental profile, respectively. The aqueous extract contains more (11) phytochemicals as compared to ethanol (9). No zone of inhibition was observed at different volumes of the extract i. e., 20μl, 50μl and 100μl but at 150μl and 200μl concentration of 230.7 mg/ml plant extracts, the zone of inhibition was reported. The dose of 150μl concentration active only against E. faecalis, whereas, 200μl concentration showed activity against all bacterial strains. Only the ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. The medicinal activity of S. candicans is assumed to be because of the presence of different phytochemicals and elements. Further study can be conducted to understand the role of each and every reported phytochemicals and elements.

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